Best Sustainability Tech Companies in Toronto, Canada
The 169 best Sustainability Tech companies in Toronto, Canada in 2026, ranked by funding and momentum. Funding, investors, founders, valuation, tech stack and live signals. Top: Hydrostor.
Our analysis of 50 Sustainability Tech companies
$4.2b in tracked funding; 83% of the stack-profiled cohort runs cloud-native; funding activity peaked in 2025.
Ranked: Best Sustainability Tech companies in Toronto
| # | Company | Disclosed funding | Last round | Employees | Founded | Founder | Patents & IP focus | Recent signals |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Hydrostor Developer of advanced compressed air energy storage for grid applications 76Funding top 18%Product top 21%Talent top 23%Innovation top 26% All 11 signals ▾Fundingtop 18% Producttop 21% Talenttop 23% Innovationtop 26% Patentstop 26% Moattop 26% Growthtop 28% Techtop 40% Newstop 42% Marketbottom 44% Globalbottom 40% Funding: Raised $295M across 10 rounds · 10 rounds over 10 yrs (1.0/yr) Product: 4 distinct product lines · Company stage: Series D rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 76/100 | $295M | 16 mo ago | 60 | 2010 | Cameron Lewis Co-Founder | 123 patents Hydrostatically compensated compressed air energy storage systems improving safety and efficiency | 1 job opening · 1 award |
| 2 | ecobee Manufacturer of smart thermostats, sensors, cameras, and security system bundles 78AI top 15%Customers top 19%Tech top 23%Patents top 33% All 13 signals ▾AItop 15% Customerstop 19% Techtop 23% Patentstop 33% Fundingtop 34% Producttop 36% Markettop 37% Moattop 38% Talenttop 38% Innovationtop 42% Growthbottom 48% Globalbottom 42% Newsbottom 24% AI: Holds AI/ML patents (G06N-family CPC) Customers: Play-Store rating 4.30★ across 39,875 ratings (2 apps) · Review volume +45% in 6 mo rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 78/100 | $155M | 96 mo ago | 520 | 2007 | Oksana Lvova Ceo | 82 patents Residential smart energy management and integrated home automation (thermostats, lighting, cameras). | 1 job opening |
| 3 | Cyclic Materials Recycling of rare earth elements 35Funding top 26%Talent top 33%Tech top 43%Partners top 45% All 9 signals ▾Fundingtop 26% Talenttop 33% Techtop 43% Partnerstop 45% Newstop 48% Moattop 48% Growthbottom 40% Globalbottom 38% Marketbottom 29% Funding: Raised $83.0M across 5 rounds · 5 rounds over 3 yrs (1.7/yr) Talent: 3 named leaders on record · 2 C-suite/founder profiles curated rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 35/100 | $83M | 16 mo ago | 8 | 2021 | Patrick Nee Co-Founder | — | 1 job opening · 1 expansion |
| 4 | Validere Platform for energy asset management, emissions monitoring, and environmental health and safety | $65M | 51 mo ago | 118 | 2015 | Nouman Ahmad Co-Founder & CEO | — | 2 job openings · 1 award |
| 5 | Electra Battery Materials Provider of materials for electric vehicle batteries through refining and recycling 57News top 22%Growth top 25%Partners top 25%Funding top 29% All 8 signals ▾Newstop 22% Growthtop 25% Partnerstop 25% Fundingtop 29% Talenttop 37% Techbottom 48% Marketbottom 42% Globalbottom 36% News: 68 BI events in 12 mo (of 238 tracked, 10 types) · +106% YoY Growth: Fresh capital in last 24 mo rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 57/100 | $60M | 7 mo ago | 37 | 2017 | Trent Mell CEO | — | 1 expansion |
| 6 | Xagenic Provider of point-of-care molecular diagnostics for infectious diseases | $59M | 131 mo ago | 45 | 2010 | — | 50 patents Electrochemical biosensor platforms and precision current‑mode DACs for point‑of‑care diagnostics | — |
| 7 | Otilu Mionics Developer of advanced materials for electronics, displays, and quantum computing | $55M | 43 mo ago | 54 | 2011 | Michael Helander President & CEO | — | — |
| 8 | Morgan Solar Provider of solar design simulation software solutions | $46M | 101 mo ago | 34 | 2007 | Mike Andrade CEO | 187 patents Building-integrated photovoltaic shading systems with smart monitoring and wireless power transfer | 1 partnership |
| 9 | Encycle Provider of wireless energy management solutions 24Funding top 35%Moat top 37%Product top 40%Patents top 49% All 10 signals ▾Fundingtop 35% Moattop 37% Producttop 40% Patentstop 49% Talentbottom 49% Innovationbottom 43% Globalbottom 43% Marketbottom 37% Techbottom 25% Newsbottom 22% Funding: Raised $45.7M across 8 rounds · 8 rounds over 15 yrs (0.5/yr) Moat: Editorial + unicorn rating 7/10 · IP moat: 18 patents rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 24/100 | $46M | 61 mo ago | 30 | 2005 | Robert Chiste Chairman and CEO | 18 patents Intelligent HVAC control and fault detection via smart thermostat orchestration | 2 job openings |
| 10 | Radiant Biotherapeutics Developer of therapeutics for cancer, auto-immune and infectious diseases 37Patents top 33%Funding top 34%Moat top 38%Innovation top 40% All 9 signals ▾Patentstop 33% Fundingtop 34% Moattop 38% Innovationtop 40% Techtop 41% Growthbottom 47% Globalbottom 40% Marketbottom 26% Newsbottom 18% Patents: 38 patents matched (strict assignee match) · 38 filings since 2022 vs 0 in 2017-21 Funding: Raised $43.0M across 2 rounds · 2 rounds over 3 yrs (0.7/yr) rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 37/100 | $43M | 21 mo ago | 11 | 2020 | — | 38 patents Multispecific antibody therapeutics targeting TNF receptors and cytokine pathways | — |
| 11 | Mangrove Systems Provider of wireless, fixed line, and mobile network services | $42M | 256 mo ago | 4 | 2002 | — | — | 1 partnership |
| 12 | SQI Diagnostics Developer of multiplexed tests and automated systems for biological testing. | $37M | 42 mo ago | 70 | 1999 | — | 75 patents High‑throughput multiplex microarray immunoassay analysis and quantification platforms | — |
| 13 | Parity Platform for reducing energy consumption 48Product top 30%Funding top 32%Innovation top 34%Talent top 38% All 9 signals ▾Producttop 30% Fundingtop 32% Innovationtop 34% Talenttop 38% Moattop 39% Techbottom 45% Marketbottom 36% Globalbottom 36% Newsbottom 21% Product: 6 distinct product lines · Company stage: Series B Funding: Raised $35.7M across 6 rounds · 6 rounds over 7 yrs (0.9/yr) rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 48/100 | $36M | 24 mo ago | 23 | 2018 | Brian MacLeod Co-Founder | — | 1 expansion |
| 14 | Spectral Develops theranostic solutions for sepsis | $30M | 43 mo ago | 32 | 1991 | Chris Seto Chief Executive Officer | — | — |
| 15 | VendorPM SaaS-driven vendor bids management software for homeowners 40Funding top 38%Talent top 38%Tech top 45%Product bottom 48% All 7 signals ▾Fundingtop 38% Talenttop 38% Techtop 45% Productbottom 48% Marketbottom 40% Globalbottom 37% Newsbottom 22% Funding: Raised $26.0M across 3 rounds · 3 rounds over 6 yrs (0.5/yr) Talent: 2 named leaders on record · 2 C-suite/founder profiles curated rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 40/100 | $26M | 45 mo ago | 56 | 2019 | Dylan Sher Co-Founder & COO | — | 1 job opening |
| 16 | ThoughtWire Provider of IoT predictive maintenance platform | $22M | 72 mo ago | 64 | 2009 | Dale Hall Executive VP & Co-Founder | 32 patents Semantic data integration and sharing platform for enterprise software systems | — |
| 17 | ORCA Technology solutions provider for food waste management | $20M | 155 mo ago | 21 | 2003 | — | — | — |
| 18 | Revive Therapeutics Developer of therapeutics to treat rare and infectious diseases 27Product top 24%Moat top 32%Funding top 36%Patents top 42% All 10 signals ▾Producttop 24% Moattop 32% Fundingtop 36% Patentstop 42% Innovationtop 44% Growthtop 48% Techbottom 48% Newsbottom 43% Globalbottom 31% Marketbottom 16% Product: 2 distinct product lines · Company stage: Public Moat: Editorial + unicorn rating 5/10 · IP moat: 24 patents rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 27/100 | $17M | 10 mo ago | 3 | 2012 | — | 24 patents Neuroprotective and anti‑infective therapeutics repurposing bucillamine and psilocybin | — |
| 19 | Woodland Biofuels Developer of technology converting biomass waste into carbon negative renewable fuels | $13M | 155 mo ago | 6 | 2000 | Greg Nuttall CEO | 25 patents Converting lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol using syngas fermentation processes. | — |
| 20 | Chipcare Develops a hand-held blood test from a single drop of blood | $11M | 115 mo ago | 10 | 2009 | — | 24 patents Multiplexed bead-based immunoassays and optical cell detection platforms using fluidic chips | — |
| 21 | Fio Point-of-care digital diagnostic integrated with cloud information services for infectious diseases | $11M | 114 mo ago | 40 | 2006 | Michael Greenberg Chairman and Chief Executive Officer | 190 patents Point‑of‑care rapid immunoassay diagnostics with biomarker analytics and cloud data integration | — |
| 22 | Genecis Developer of onsite food waste management systems 35Funding top 34%Moat top 48%Product top 49%Innovation bottom 46% All 8 signals ▾Fundingtop 34% Moattop 48% Producttop 49% Innovationbottom 46% Techbottom 46% Marketbottom 42% Globalbottom 39% Newsbottom 18% Funding: Raised $10.3M across 7 rounds · 7 rounds over 9 yrs (0.8/yr) Moat: Editorial + unicorn rating 5/10 · 10 curated direct competitors tracked rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 35/100 | $10M | 12 mo ago | 49 | 2016 | — | — | — |
| 23 | ClearBlue Markets Provider of carbon market intelligence, advisory, access, and project development services | $8M | 39 mo ago | 60 | 2016 | Michael Berends Managing Director | — | 1 partnership · 1 expansion |
| 24 | QD Solar Developer pof quantum dot-based photovoltaic cells | $8M | 50 mo ago | 12 | 2014 | — | 12 patents Surface‑engineered colloidal quantum dots for high‑efficiency solution‑processed photovoltaics | — |
| 25 | Citylitics Predictive analytics for public and utility businesses | $8M | 50 mo ago | 40 | 2011 | Ahmed Badruddin Co-founder & CEO | — | — |
| 26 | RainMaker WorldWide Wind-powered air to water generator developer | $7M | 57 mo ago | — | 2008 | Michael O'connor Chairman and CEO | 7 patents Membrane-based atmospheric water harvesting integrated with wind turbine power generation | — |
| 27 | BacTech Environmental Provider of technology to treat toxic waste from mining operations 32Tech top 26%Product top 32%Funding top 43%Talent top 46% All 11 signals ▾Techtop 26% Producttop 32% Fundingtop 43% Talenttop 46% Moatbottom 48% Growthbottom 47% Innovationbottom 42% Newsbottom 37% Globalbottom 31% Marketbottom 25% Patentsbottom 24% Tech: 45 technologies across 5/8 capability areas · Cloud: Amazon S3, Amazon Web Services Product: 0 product launch events in 12 mo · 3 distinct product lines rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 32/100 | $6M | 12 mo ago | — | 2010 | Ross Orr President and CEO | 2 patents Biotechnological production of liquid ferric sulfate via microbial processes | — |
| 28 | Adaptis Provider of AI-powered platform for capital planning and asset decarbonization 32Talent top 38%AI top 45%Tech top 50%Funding bottom 49% All 7 signals ▾Talenttop 38% AItop 45% Techtop 50% Fundingbottom 49% Globalbottom 36% Marketbottom 28% Newsbottom 21% Talent: 2 named leaders on record · 2 C-suite/founder profiles curated AI: Product described with: ai-powered rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 32/100 | $5M | 14 mo ago | 19 | 2022 | Sheida Shahi Co-Founder & CEO | — | — |
| 29 | energyX Solutions Energy audit app for energy service companies | $5M | 70 mo ago | 12 | 2016 | — | — | — |
| 30 | AlterBiota Manufacturer of bio-graphene additives for the concrete industry 10Funding bottom 49%Talent bottom 49%Product bottom 40%Tech bottom 36% All 6 signals ▾Fundingbottom 49% Talentbottom 49% Productbottom 40% Techbottom 36% Globalbottom 32% Marketbottom 19% Funding: Raised $4.0M across 1 rounds · 1 rounds over 2 yrs (0.5/yr) Talent: 1 named leader on record · 1 C-suite/founder profile curated rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 10/100 | $4M | 25 mo ago | 8 | 2018 | Mark Masotti President & CEO | — | — |
| 31 | Clear Blue Technologies Developer of smart off-grid controllers 50Tech top 32%Funding top 34%Talent top 35%Moat top 38% All 11 signals ▾Techtop 32% Fundingtop 34% Talenttop 35% Moattop 38% Partnerstop 40% Newstop 42% Marketbottom 47% Growthbottom 47% Innovationbottom 45% Globalbottom 45% Patentsbottom 44% Tech: 35 technologies across 5/8 capability areas · Cloud: Cloudflare Funding: Raised $3.9M across 16 rounds · 16 rounds over 12 yrs (1.3/yr) rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 50/100 | $4M | 17 mo ago | 50 | 2011 | John Tuerk Co-Founder & Chief Power Officer | 22 patents Autonomous solar lighting systems with variable-source charging and remote monitoring | — |
| 32 | Edgecom Energy AI-powered energy management software 27Talent top 38%AI top 45%Funding bottom 49%Tech bottom 37% All 6 signals ▾Talenttop 38% AItop 45% Fundingbottom 49% Techbottom 37% Globalbottom 37% Marketbottom 27% Talent: 2 named leaders on record · 2 C-suite/founder profiles curated AI: Product described with: ai-powered rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 27/100 | $4M | 17 mo ago | 22 | 2016 | Mostafa Salehi Co-Founder | — | 1 launch |
| 33 | Xatoms AI and quantum startup revolutionizing water purification with new materials 22Funding top 46%Talent bottom 49%News bottom 38%Market bottom 37% All 5 signals ▾Fundingtop 46% Talentbottom 49% Newsbottom 38% Marketbottom 37% Globalbottom 36% Funding: Raised $3.2M across 3 rounds · 3 rounds over 1 yrs (3.0/yr) Talent: 1 named leader on record · 1 C-suite/founder profile curated rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 22/100 | $3M | 4 mo ago | — | 2019 | Diana Virgovicova Founder & CEO | — | — |
| 34 | Nanoleaf Energy efficient lightbulbs | $3M | 123 mo ago | 95 | 2012 | Tom Rodinger Chief Technology Officer and Cofounder | — | — |
| 35 | Wisewell Provider of a home water purification system with full-spectrum filtration | $3M | 50 mo ago | 10 | 2021 | Sebastien Wakim Co-Founder & Board Member | — | 3 job openings |
| 36 | Forward Water Technologies Developer of forward osmosis technology for water recovery and volume reduction 29Product top 14%News top 36%Growth top 38%Moat top 38% All 10 signals ▾Producttop 14% Newstop 36% Growthtop 38% Moattop 38% Fundingtop 40% Talentbottom 49% Patentsbottom 44% Innovationbottom 41% Globalbottom 40% Marketbottom 23% Product: 10 distinct product lines · Company stage: Public News: 15 BI events in 12 mo (of 52 tracked, 9 types) · -12% YoY rank vs industry peers · Fliar Intelligence Index 29/100 | $2M | 10 mo ago | 6 | 2012 | C Honeyman CEO | 19 patents Switchable forward osmosis membranes and polymer treatments for water desalination | — |
| 37 | Lactiga Developer of immunotherapies to treat infectious diseases | $2M | 16 mo ago | 5 | 2017 | Viraj Mane Co-Founder | 8 patents Polyclonal antibody therapeutics for RSV and oral breast‑milk‑derived immunoglobulin delivery | — |
| 38 | Green Story Sustainability and carbon footprint awareness solutions to e-commerce brands | $1M | 51 mo ago | 55 | 2015 | Navodit Babel CEO | — | — |
| 39 | RainStick Provider of smart recirculating showers | $1M | 58 mo ago | 10 | 2019 | Sean McFetridge Co-Founder | — | — |
| 40 | Carbon Neutral Club Online platform offers to calculate and offset the carbon footprint | $1M | 38 mo ago | 7 | 2021 | Jack Bruner Co-Founder | — | — |
| 41 | Carbonhound Provider of carbon emissions management software. This software platform assists businesses in measuring and… | $971K | 37 mo ago | 9 | 2021 | Sanders Lazier Founder & CEO | — | — |
| 42 | Requity Homes Provider of affordable houses rent to buying services | $951K | 29 mo ago | 10 | 2020 | Amy Ding Founder & CEO | — | — |
| 43 | Ostia Sciences Developer of microbes for fighting infectious diseases and enhancing immune function | $740K | 11 mo ago | — | 2020 | Michael Glogauer Co-Founder | — | — |
| 44 | CHC Student Housing Provider of facility management | $667K | 109 mo ago | 4 | 2013 | Mark Hansen Co-Founder & CEO | — | — |
| 45 | SensorSuite Cloud-based building energy management solution | $550K | 103 mo ago | 13 | 2012 | — | — | — |
| 46 | Sairiyo Therapeutics Developer of therapeutic solutions for the treatment of rare diseases | $300K | 35 mo ago | — | 2020 | Paul Slyke Co-Founder & CSO | — | — |
| 47 | Accuenergy End to end power metering solutions provider | $150K | 198 mo ago | 42 | 1998 | — | — | 3 launchs |
Top 12 Sustainability Tech companies in Toronto
#1
Public · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2017 · 37 employees$60.3Mraised▾
Provider of materials for electric vehicle batteries through refining and recycling. The company focuses on producing materials to power electric vehicles through refining, processing, and recycling. It offers an environmentally conscious option for sourcing materials. The company advances capital projects and delivers operational excellence.
- Oct 2025Post IPO$34.5M
- Apr 2025Post IPO$1.6M
- Mar 2025Post IPO$3.1M
- Feb 2025Grant (prize money)$10M
#2
Series D · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2010 · 60 employees$295Mraised▾
Developer of advanced compressed air energy storage for grid applications. The company provides long-duration energy storage solutions, leveraging compressed air stored in underground caverns. When power is needed, the process is reversed to dispatch energy. The technology offers a reliable and cost-effective alternative for large-scale energy storage. The company’s systems are designed to match grid requirements and provide essential grid services.
- Feb 2025Series D$150M
- Feb 2025Conventional Debt$50M
- Oct 2024Series D$20M
- Dec 2023Series D$40M
#3
Public · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2012 · 3 employees$16.8Mraised▾
Developer of therapeutics to treat rare and infectious diseases. Its lead product Bucillamine (N-(mercapto-2-methylpropionyl)-l-cysteine) helps in treating infectious diseases, including COVID-19, influenza, and others. Also has psilocybin for multiple indications.
- Aug 2025Post IPO$110.7K
- Apr 2025Post IPO$120.2K
- Jan 2024Post IPO$1.6M
- Jan 2023Post IPO$4.3M
#4
Series B · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2021 · 8 employees$83Mraised▾
Recycling of rare earth elements. It provides solutions for recycling of magnet-containing products made from critical minerals, enabling the creation of a domestic supply chain for REEs through an economic and sustainable magnet recycling process.
- Jan 2025Series B$2M
- Sep 2024Series B$53M
- Sep 2024Grant (prize money)$3.6M
- Jul 2024Series A—
#5
Seed · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2019$3.2Mraised▾
AI and quantum startup revolutionizing water purification with new materials. It uses AI algorithms to identify molecular structures for photocatalysts and other water treatment materials. It leverages AI-assisted molecule discovery to develop efficient and sustainable water treatment solutions that can be deployed in areas with limited access to clean water.
- Jan 2026Grant (prize money)$226.8K
- Jun 2025Seed$2M
- 2025Grant (prize money)$1M
#6
Series A · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2016 · 49 employees$10.3Mraised▾
Developer of onsite food waste management systems. It develops modular food waste treatment systems for on-site application. The machines convert food waste into volatile fatty acids which can be then sold to a variety of industries including pharmaceutical, biofuel, and biodegradable plastics. It plans to supply its products to restaurants and large kitchens.
- Jun 2025Series A$750K
- Dec 2024Series A$851.6K
- Mar 2023Series A$3.3M
- Aug 2022Conventional Debt$3M
#7
Public · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2010$5.8Mraised▾
Provider of technology to treat toxic waste from mining operations. It provides bioleaching technology solution to neutralize toxic mining sites and allows for environmentally friendly processing in the mining industry. The naturally occurring bacteria used in the process are harmless to both humans and the environment.
- May 2025Post IPO$913.1K
- Apr 2025Post IPO$1.3M
- Mar 2025Post IPO$225.9K
- Mar 2025Post IPO$230.4K
#8
Series A · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2020 · 11 employees$43Mraised▾
Developer of therapeutics for cancer, auto-immune and infectious diseases. It offers multi-valent, multi-specific antibody therapeutics based on antibody engineering platform that targets biological pathways to treat diverse diseases.
- Sep 2024Series A$35M
- Apr 2023Seed$8M
#9
Public · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2012 · 6 employees$2Mraised▾
Developer of forward osmosis technology for water recovery and volume reduction. The company provides services including lab testing, pilot plant services, and mobile forward osmosis services. It offers a staged process including computer modelling, bench top testing, in-house pilot plant testing, and on-site demonstration plant. The technology is applicable to industries such as lithium mining, brine management, and oil and gas.
- Jul 2025Post IPO$543.6K
- Feb 2025Post IPO—
- Jan 2025Post IPO$37K
- Oct 2023Post IPO$336.8K
#10
Seed · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2022 · 19 employees$5.5Mraised▾
Provider of AI-powered platform for capital planning and asset decarbonization. The platform uses predictive analytics and real building data to guide capital planning decisions. It aligns decarbonization goals with financial realities across design, retrofit, and development. The platform offers portfolio-wide insights to uncover risks and opportunities. It provides a step-by-step plan, mapping out when to invest in capital projects.
- Apr 2025Seed$4M
- Jun 2024Seed$5.5M
- Jan 2023Seed$1.5M
- Sep 2022Seed—
#11
Public · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2011 · 50 employees$3.9Mraised▾
Developer of smart off-grid controllers. It offers smart off-grid controllers which harvest energy from solar panels and a wind turbine, communications, and cloud software to power off-grid streetlights, security systems and offers other related services. Products include solar controllers, hybrid controllers, telecom power packs, nano-grid power packs, and others.
- Jan 2025Post IPO$1.1M
- Sep 2024Convertible Debt$1.8M
- Jan 2023Post IPO$1.9M
- Sep 2022Grant (prize money)$5M
#12
Series B · Toronto, Ontario · founded 2018 · 23 employees$35.7Mraised▾
Platform for reducing energy consumption. It monitors the consumption of gas and electricity by connecting to the building via the cloud and optimizes the mechanical systems. It provides real-time energy data and allows tracking of monthly savings through energy reports.
- Jun 2024Series B$19M
- Oct 2023Conventional Debt$4M
- Oct 2022Series B$8M
- Dec 2020Series A$5M
Funding & investor landscape
Notable founders
Market landscape — 10 sub-themes by coverage
Share of Sustainability Tech coverage by sub-theme.
Regulatory-risk over time rising
Funding & growth over time
funding rising · growth rising
What Toronto researches in climate adaptation
Toronto Metropolitan University and University of Toronto dominate Toronto's climate-adaptation research, focusing primarily on disaster resilience and flood risk, with a contested tone reflecting predominantly concern-driven findings.
- Toronto Metropolitan University11
- University of Toronto9