Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗
the United States’s
ai drug discovery industry,
in focus.
The companies, capital and talent shaping ai drug discovery in the United States. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.
MEET THE COMPANIESExplore the United States’s ai drug discovery leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Expand panel +
Explore the United States’s ai drug discovery leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Company discovery
Recorded evidence onlyRecently founded independent companies
- Blank BioFounded 2025 · blank.bio
- LiteFoldFounded 2025 · litefold.in
- General ProximityFounded 2023 · generalproximity.bio
Recently founded means a recorded 2023–2026 founding year and no recorded parent, acquirer or public-company status. These companies are not labelled startups without that separate classification.
Explore classified startups in Radar ↗AI Drug Discovery industry KPIs in the United States
A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.
80 of 841 tracked companies have open roles.
468 of 841 tracked companies have a recorded round.
Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.
Midpoint of 994 rounds with a disclosed amount.
Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 13.3% of disclosed capital, while 44.4% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.
Explore the segments →CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATIONHow the United States ai drug discovery has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
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How the United States ai drug discovery has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
Disclosed funding by year
Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD
View the numbers
| Year | Funding (USD) | Founded | Raising |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $260.85M | 47 | 49 |
| 2017 | $865.94M | 52 | 66 |
| 2018 | $1.64B | 47 | 71 |
| 2019 | $1.23B | 43 | 78 |
| 2020 | $2.3B | 61 | 88 |
| 2021 | $4.9B | 56 | 97 |
| 2022 | $3.33B | 45 | 85 |
| 2023 | $2.37B | 53 | 86 |
| 2024 | $2.92B | 24 | 83 |
| 2025 | $3.25B | 10 | 85 |
Funding concentration
Share of all disclosed company funding.
- XtalPi5.1%
- Eikon4.4%
- Xaira3.8%
- Other companies86.7%
Funding by stage
1,081 recorded rounds since 2016
Investors appearing most often
Recorded participation in ai drug discovery company rounds since 2016.
- 01HHS 273 rounds
- 02Y Combinator 42 rounds
- 03National Science Foundation 34 rounds
- 04Andreessen Horowitz 25 rounds
- 05Alexandria 23 rounds
- 06Lux Capital 22 rounds
- 07RA Capital Management 19 rounds
- 08DCVC 18 rounds
- 09Khosla Ventures 17 rounds
- 010Two Sigma Ventures 17 rounds
Recent recorded rounds
Latest recorded rounds · USDBacked by Define Ventures and Leonis Capital and others.
Backed by Mercatus.
Backed by Samsung Venture Investment.
Backed by FreeMind Group and Daewoong Pharmaceutical.
Backed by 3F VC.
Backed by Matrix Partners China and Boyuan Capital and others.
Backed by .
Backed by CerraCap Ventures.
Largest and notable recorded rounds
Each card is one recorded roundBacked by Arch Venture Partners and Foresite Labs and others.
Backed by Dimension and DST Global and others.
Backed by T. Rowe Price and CPP Investments and others.
Backed by Orbimed and 5Y Capital and others.
Backed by Google Ventures and Casdin Capital and others.
Backed by CPP Investments and Andreessen Horowitz and others.
Backed by Andreessen Horowitz and Sanofi and others.
Backed by Flagship Pioneering and ADIA and others.
Backed by Lux Capital and Alexandria and others.
Backed by SoftBank Vision Fund and People's Insurance Company of China and others.
THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITYRevenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
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Revenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.
FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 9 reporting entities from 12 eligible matches.
Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United States market sales.
Combined result for the same cohort.
Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.
The middle covered reporting entity.
None of 9 covered entities.
Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.
Annual account trend
Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.
Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.
Profitability has two perspectives
FY2025 · 9 reporting entities
Open the company accounts
Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.
| Company / reporting entity | Revenue | Net profit / loss | Net margin | Revenue growth | Total assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Predictive Oncology ↗80424 | $84,284.0m | $15,974.0m | +19.0% | — | — |
| Certara ↗1827090 | $418.8m | $-1.6m | -0.4% | — | — |
| Schrodinger ↗1490978 | $255.9m | $-103.3m | -40.4% | — | — |
| Recursion Pharmaceuticals ↗1601830 | $74.7m | $-644.8m | -863.4% | — | — |
| Metagenomi ↗1785279 | $25.2m | $-87.9m | -348.5% | — | — |
| Seer ↗1726445 | $16.6m | $-73.6m | -444.0% | — | — |
| Relay Therapeutics ↗1812364 | $15.4m | $-276.5m | -1800.6% | — | — |
| AbSci ↗1672688 | $2.8m | $-115.2m | -4113.7% | — | — |
Explore full company accounts and filings.
Explore a reporting entity
Choose “View accounts” to inspect an available company preview.
How does ai drug discovery compare?
Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.
| Industry | Covered / eligible | Revenue total | Median revenue | Net profit / loss | Aggregate margin | Profitable share | Overlap |
|---|
Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.
Coverage, calculations & financial sources
Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.
The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.
Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.
INSIDE THE INDUSTRYThe the United States ai drug discovery market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Expand panel +
The the United States ai drug discovery market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Where companies are building
Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.
Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.
Life sciences
The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.
80 companies hiring · $26.13B disclosed funding
Explore in RadarHow companies make money
Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.
THE COMPANIES IN MOTIONWho is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
Expand panel +
Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Aureka Biotechnologies , a biotechnology company, has raised USD 35 million in a Series A+ round led by HongShan, with participation from Matrix Partners and BioTrack Capital. Existing backers, including 5Y Capital, Qiming Venture Partners, and NRL Capital, also joined the round.
Certara Sells Unit to Veristat for $135 Million
Recursion, based in Salt Lake City, prefers to call itself a “TechBio” company—… went public in 2021 with a $436.4 million raise...
Kimia has raised $7 million in a seed funding round led by Airtree Ventures, with backing from Blackbird Ventures and Skip Capital.
Cancer Stipple launches with $100M for novel oncology targets Stipple Bio Inc. raised $100 million in a series A financing to support progression of the company’s lead drug, STP-100, an antibody-drug conjugate that binds an undisclosed target, and the company’s Pointillist discovery platform. The round was co-led by RA Capital, a16z Bio+Health and Nextech Invest. Existing investors, including Emerson Collective Investments (managed by Yosemite), GV (Google Ventures), Lola Capital Partners, GordonMD Global Investments and others, also participated in the round.
Generate Biomedicines had issued 25,000,000 shares in its public offering on February 27th. The total size of the offering was $400,000,000 based on an initial share price of $16.00.
Eikon Therapeutics, which made its Nasdaq debut on Feb. 5 with a $381 million raise, designs assets by 'integrating AI capabilities and advanced automation' into its workflow to track how proteins move inside cells, according to its website.
Unnatural Products has now raised a total of $83.0M in total equity funding and is backed by argenx, Artis Ventures, Droia Ventures, First Spark Ventures, Merck Global Health Innovation Fund, and The Venture Collective.
The AI-driven drug discovery company raised HK$2.28 billion (US$290 million) in the share sale.
In addition, Israeli AI company, CombinAble.AI, was purchased by the AI therapeutics company Insitro in January as well.
Full recorded event mix
Top 10 categories among 505 recorded events in the 24-month window.
IPO pipeline
10 companies with recorded IPO activity
IPO · NASDAQ2 reports
IPO · NASDAQ7 reports
IPO · NASDAQ6 reports
IPO · Hong Kong6 reports
IPO · NASDAQ6 reports
IPO · NASDAQ3 reports
IPO · NASDAQ3 reports
IPO1 reports
Leadership moves
41 tracked people moves
Departure Strategic Advisor
Appointment Chief Causal AI Officer
Appointment Head of Quantitative Systems Pharmacology (QSP) Consultancy
Appointment Member of the Board of Directors
Appointment Chief Executive Officer
Appointment Interim Generics Leader
Appointment Interim Artificial Intelligence Leader
Appointment Interim Contract Research Leader
Product launches
Products, platforms and features in the recorded window
Contract wins
17 recorded customer wins
Customer: eli lillyPharmaceutical
Customer: Shanghai Pudong Development GroupBiotechnology
Customer: Daiichi Pharmaceuticals Co. Ltd. (Japan)
Customer: Berlex Biosciences Integration SystemBiotech
Customer: novartis pharmaceuticalsBiopharma / Genomics
Customer: Sumitomo PharmaceuticalsPharmaceuticals
Workforce actions
8 companies with reported reductions
20.0% rolescost reduction
25.0% rolescash runway extension
Scale not stated rolesefficiency
Scale not stated rolesprudence
Scale not stated rolesprudence
15.0% rolesgovernment downsizing
Regulatory events
4 recorded events
Developing regulatory frameworkSEC
referral of evidence to SEC OIGSEC Office of Inspector General
in final stages of investigationSEC Office of Inspector General
approvedauthorities
Litigation
43 tracked suits
Shareholder proposal regulationRegulatory ·
shareholder rights and corporate accountabilityRegulatory · Filed
Earnings pulse
Reported company results in the recorded window.
Median across 50 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.
Mergers and acquisitions
Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.
| Acquirer → target | Status | Date | Value / context |
|---|---|---|---|
| veristat→Certara ↗ | Announced | 2026-04-22 | $135.0M |
| Seismic→highspot | Announced | 2026-03-06 | Not stated in snapshot |
| ARK Invest→Recursion Pharmaceuticals ↗ | Announced | 2026-02-27 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Insitro→CombinAble.AI | Completed | 2026-02-20 | Not stated in snapshot |
| highspot→Seismic ↗ | Announced | 2026-02-17 | Not stated in snapshot |
| SSI Diagnostica Group of Copenhagen→InDevR ↗ | Announced | 2026-02-06 | Not stated in snapshot |
A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.
PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITYThe talent market
584 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 885-posting snapshot covers 90 employers.
Expand panel +
The talent market
584 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 885-posting snapshot covers 90 employers.
Most advertised job titles
16 tracked postings mention remote work.
The seniority mix
411 postings specify a level.
Skills employers mention
Top skills across 885 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.
Median across 69 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.
Companies hiring
Large employers
| Company | Employees |
|---|---|
| Velsera ↗ | 834 |
| Benchling ↗ | 500 |
| Recursion Pharmaceuticals ↗ | 400 |
| Eikon ↗ | 331 |
| In Silico ↗ | 300 |
| AbSci ↗ | 256 |
| Relay Therapeutics ↗ | 245 |
| Signature Science ↗ | 235 |
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELDFounders and leaders
765 founders and chief executives across 493 companies.
Expand panel +
Founders and leaders
765 founders and chief executives across 493 companies.
Roger Perlmutter
Eikon ↗Scientific Partner-TCG Labs-Soleil
Vik Bajaj
Xaira ↗Co-Founder Project Prometheus, Foresite Labs, Foresite Capital Management, ex-GRAIL. University of Pennsylvania BA, MS…
Zhenping Zhu
Earendil ↗Ex-3SBio · Peking Union Medical College MSc 1988, Dalhousie University PhD 1993
Molly Gibson
Generate Biomedicines ↗Ex-Kaleido Biosciences, Boeing. Truman State University BS 2009, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis PhD 2015
Dean Li
Recursion Pharmaceuticals ↗Merck, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, 1990
Daphne Koller
Insitro ↗Engageli, ex-Coursera, ex-Calicolabs, UC Berkeley Electrical Engineering & Computer Sciences (EECS), 1995
Jeb Keiper
Nimbus Therapeutics ↗Ex-GlaxoSmithKline, McKinsey & Co, TransForm Pharmaceuticals. Massachusetts Institute of Technology BS 1998, MS 2000
Linhao Zhang
Formation Bio ↗Founder Foundation 649, ex-Co-Founder Day 7 Photography, Oscar Insurance, salesforce.com. The University of Texas at Austin BSc 2013
David Shaw
Relay Therapeutics ↗UC San Diego BA 1972, Stanford University PhD 1980
Alex Zhavoronkov
In Silico ↗Founder & CEO Insilico Medicine, ex- Founder & CEO Deep Longevity, NeuroG, ATI Technologies. Queen's University, Lomonosov Moscow State University PhD
Viswa Colluru
Enveda ↗Ex-Recursion Pharmaceuticals.University of Wisconsin-Madison PhD
Richard Daly
DNAnexus ↗CEO Visible Genetics. New York University BS, Harvard University MBA
Education networks
225 profiles with education records.
Prior employers
19 profiles with prior-work records.
Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.
NEWS INTELLIGENCEHow this industry appears in the news
384,680 articles in the measured 12-month window.
Expand panel +
How this industry appears in the news
384,680 articles in the measured 12-month window.
News volume trends
AI Drug Discovery coverage across United States · articles per complete quarter
View quarterly article counts
| Quarter | Articles |
|---|---|
| 2021Q2 | 90,245 |
| 2021Q3 | 83,886 |
| 2021Q4 | 68,121 |
| 2022Q1 | 78,088 |
| 2022Q2 | 73,377 |
| 2022Q3 | 65,841 |
| 2022Q4 | 71,775 |
| 2023Q1 | 79,779 |
| 2023Q2 | 105,879 |
| 2023Q3 | 82,347 |
| 2023Q4 | 87,507 |
| 2024Q1 | 99,730 |
| 2024Q2 | 97,574 |
| 2024Q3 | 95,891 |
| 2024Q4 | 88,216 |
| 2025Q1 | 181,125 |
| 2025Q2 | 83,940 |
| 2025Q3 | 100,791 |
| 2025Q4 | 85,775 |
| 2026Q1 | 106,616 |
Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.
Tone of coverage over time
Most-covered companies
Company share of voice
737 recorded company events across 108 companies; percentages use that event total.
Leading coverage topics
AI Drug Discovery coverage across United States · ranked by full-period article count.
Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.
Topics gaining and losing attention
AI Drug Discovery coverage across United States
| Keyword | Recent | Prior | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| vaccine candidates | 3,157 | 897 | 252% |
| vaccine trials | 2,962 | 899 | 229% |
| vaccination campaigns | 2,757 | 554 | 398% |
| vaccine immunogenicity | 2,471 | 668 | 270% |
| mass vaccination sites | 2,026 | 272 | 645% |
| cloud infrastructure | 1,650 | 943 | 75% |
| vaccination coverage | 1,516 | 202 | 650% |
| vaccine effectiveness study | 1,399 | 251 | 457% |
| angel investors | 1,344 | 590 | 128% |
| covid-19 vaccine development | 1,337 | 238 | 462% |
| class action securities litigation | 119 | 1,072 | -89% |
| investigational new vaccine | 451 | 1,068 | -58% |
| cell-based therapies | 619 | 1,059 | -42% |
| viral vector vaccines | 684 | 1,048 | -35% |
| cancer biomarkers | 670 | 1,040 | -36% |
Event and signal lenses
AI Drug Discovery coverage across United States
Regulatory Risk
363,044 classified articlesai regulation compliance, responsible ai, vaccine candidates
54.7% critical · 38.7% positiveFunding Momentum
120,175 classified articlesangel investors, vaccine candidates, vaccine trials
50.8% critical · 55.8% positiveGrowth
184,251 classified articlesearnings report, stock performance, quarterly results
42.7% critical · 47.6% positiveAI Drug Discovery coverage across United States. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.
RESEARCH SIGNALSWhat AI Drug Discovery research is working on
13,110 papers in the recorded india scope.
Expand panel +
What AI Drug Discovery research is working on
13,110 papers in the recorded india scope.
Research orientation
Contribution mix
Tone counts: 12,011 positive · 703 neutral · 396 negative.
- Disease294 papers
- Immune system137 papers
- Cancer117 papers
- Clinical trial84 papers
- Microbiome74 papers
- Gene71 papers
- Biomarker71 papers
- Computational biology65 papers
Landmark: The 2016 revision to the World Health Organization classification of myeloid neoplasms and acute leukemia
- Disease52 papers
- Gene34 papers
- Clinical trial33 papers
- Cancer30 papers
- Genome28 papers
- MEDLINE26 papers
- Immune system25 papers
- Biomarker24 papers
Landmark: Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conformation
- Gene858 papers
- Genome731 papers
- Transcriptome694 papers
- Disease633 papers
- Immune system490 papers
- Computational biology430 papers
- Cancer385 papers
- Biomarker297 papers
Landmark: Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2
Leading institutions
Leading researchers
Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers
- Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq297,164 citations
- MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets45,127 citations
- MEGA5: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Using Maximum Likelihood, Evolutionary Distance, and Maximum Parsimony Methods40,217 citations
- MEGA X: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis across Computing Platforms37,942 citations
- The Genome Analysis Toolkit: A MapReduce framework for analyzing next-generation DNA sequencing data29,447 citations
Common problems researchers identify
1,536 papers · 7 recurring themes
Common problems researchers identify · 01Clinical Translation Gaps
280 papers18.2% of this theme group
Researchers highlight challenges moving biomarkers and disease diagnostics from discovery to patient care.
Clinical trial (35) · MEDLINE (27) · Biomarker (29) · Disease (54)
Evolving Paradigms in Chronic Limb-threatening Ischemia: A Systematic Review of Current and Emerging Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches
A Practical Roadmap for Clinical Translation of Metabolic Biomarkers: A Review
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 865.9 |
| 2023 | 827.3 |
| 2024 | 831.6 |
| 2025 | 1262.9 |
Common problems researchers identify · 02Cancer Immunotherapy Barriers
269 papers17.5% of this theme group
Papers flag obstacles in targeting tumor microenvironment and emerging immune checkpoints.
Cancer (102) · Tumor microenvironment (30) · Breast cancer (25) · Immunotherapy (28)
Metabolic reprogramming and cancer progression
Beyond PD‐1/PD‐L1: New Immune Checkpoints and Therapeutic Combinations in Cancer Immunotherapy
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2422.1 |
| 2023 | 3082.5 |
| 2024 | 2613.2 |
| 2025 | 2334.4 |
Common problems researchers identify · 03Genomic Interpretation Issues
262 papers17.1% of this theme group
Authors discuss difficulties in variant classification, reporting, and functional annotation of genetic data.
Gene (54) · Genome (47) · Gene expression (14) · Genetic testing (22)
Sequence variant classification and reporting: recommendations for improving the interpretation of cancer susceptibility genetic test result
Widespread Regulatory Turnover Across Human Segmental Duplications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2572.7 |
| 2023 | 2646.5 |
| 2024 | 2427.6 |
| 2025 | 1985.2 |
Common problems researchers identify · 04Inflammation‑Driven Disease Complexity
262 papers17.1% of this theme group
Works emphasize tangled roles of immune pathways in neuro‑degeneration and cardiovascular disorders.
Disease (84) · Inflammation (26) · Pathogenesis (23) · Immune system (42)
Parkinson’s disease: etiopathogenesis and treatment
Immunometabolic Pathways in Cardiovascular Disease: Inflammation and Metabolic Dysfunction Beyond Traditional Risk Factors
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3656.8 |
| 2023 | 3139.3 |
| 2024 | 3195.8 |
| 2025 | 3175.2 |
Common problems researchers identify · 05Computational‑Biology Bottlenecks
184 papers12.0% of this theme group
Studies point to limits in modeling synthetic biology, extracellular vesicles, and regenerative processes.
Computational biology (45) · Synthetic biology (12) · Extracellular vesicles (12) · Regenerative medicine (10)
Clinical metagenomics
Epigenetics: Definition, Mechanisms and Clinical Perspective
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1002.0 |
| 2023 | 1033.6 |
| 2024 | 1279.7 |
| 2025 | 938.0 |
Common problems researchers identify · 06Metabolic Disease Mechanisms
173 papers11.3% of this theme group
Researchers note unresolved links between obesity, insulin resistance, and inflammatory signaling.
Diabetes mellitus (45) · Disease (75) · Obesity (21) · Insulin resistance (14)
Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease
Clinical Review of Antidiabetic Drugs: Implications for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3247.1 |
| 2023 | 2770.6 |
| 2024 | 2817.3 |
| 2025 | 2753.4 |
Common problems researchers identify · 07Microbiome Knowledge Gaps
106 papers6.9% of this theme group
Papers reveal incomplete understanding of gut flora impacts on health and therapeutic modulation.
Microbiome (66) · Gut microbiome (17) · Human microbiome (14) · Gut flora (18)
Microbiota in health and diseases
The effects of antibiotics on the microbiome throughout development and alternative approaches for therapeutic modulation
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 176.9 |
| 2023 | 161.2 |
| 2024 | 201.7 |
| 2025 | 230.8 |
Cautions
511 papers · 7 recurring themes
Cautions · 01Cancer Transcriptomics Risks
98 papers19.2% of this theme group
Authors caution against over‑interpreting tumor‑microenvironment transcript data without robust validation.
Cancer (26) · Breast cancer (16) · Transcriptome (10) · Tumor microenvironment (5)
[Strategic Combination Approaches in Cancer Immunotherapy].
Comparative analysis of potentially actionable genomic alterations in early-onset versus later-onset gastrointestinal cancers.
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2765.3 |
| 2023 | 3333.3 |
| 2024 | 2910.0 |
| 2025 | 2686.7 |
Cautions · 02Clinical Trial Translation Concerns
94 papers18.4% of this theme group
Works warn that promising compounds often fail to demonstrate efficacy in human disease settings.
Drug (17) · Drug discovery (8) · Clinical trial (15) · Disease (16)
The therapeutic potential of resveratrol: a review of clinical trials
Lipoprotein(a)-lowering therapies: a promising future
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 911.2 |
| 2023 | 888.9 |
| 2024 | 986.4 |
| 2025 | 1306.2 |
Cautions · 03Epigenetic Marker Uncertainty
87 papers17.0% of this theme group
Studies highlight variability and reproducibility issues in DNA methylation and protein‑structure biomarkers.
DNA methylation (7) · Antibody (6) · Protein structure (4) · Epigenetics (7)
Characterizing the Conformational Dynamics of an Intrinsically Disordered Localization Sequence
Epigenetic Markers of Response to Psychotherapy in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 444.9 |
| 2023 | 467.7 |
| 2024 | 361.0 |
| 2025 | 324.1 |
Cautions · 04Genome Editing Ethical Limits
72 papers14.1% of this theme group
Papers raise ethical and safety considerations surrounding large‑scale gene‑editing applications.
Gene (18) · Genetic testing (7) · Genome editing (6) · Genome (11)
Genomic Selection for Crop Improvement
Genomic selection in plant breeding: from theory to practice
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2420.5 |
| 2023 | 2512.7 |
| 2024 | 2228.9 |
| 2025 | 1728.0 |
Cautions · 05Diabetes Therapeutic Variability
71 papers13.9% of this theme group
Researchers note inconsistent outcomes of novel diabetes interventions across patient sub‑populations.
Diabetes mellitus (12) · Type 2 diabetes (6) · Disease (15) · MEDLINE (11)
Dose-dependent effects of SGLT2 inhibitors on circadian blood pressure in hypertensive patients with diabetes: A systematic review and Bayes
Presenting non-insulin-based indices of insulin resistance relevant to pre-hypertension: A systematic review and meta-analysis
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3201.5 |
| 2023 | 2723.9 |
| 2024 | 2771.9 |
| 2025 | 2711.7 |
Cautions · 06Sequencing Benchmark Challenges
59 papers11.5% of this theme group
Works point out biases and performance gaps in current genomic and metagenomic analysis pipelines.
DNA sequencing (16) · Genome (18) · Computational biology (13) · Benchmark (6)
Characterizing and measuring bias in sequence data
Critical Assessment of Metagenome Interpretation—a benchmark of metagenomics software
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1389.5 |
| 2023 | 1365.3 |
| 2024 | 1669.5 |
| 2025 | 1346.5 |
Cautions · 07Microbiome Study Limitations
30 papers5.9% of this theme group
Authors caution that long‑term antibiotic effects and cancer associations remain poorly quantified.
Microbiome (15) · Gut flora (8) · Gut microbiome (5) · Metagenomics (5)
Long-term impacts of antibiotic exposure on the human intestinal microbiota
Human Gut Microbiome and Risk for Colorectal Cancer
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 221.0 |
| 2023 | 201.6 |
| 2024 | 252.5 |
| 2025 | 289.2 |
Opportunities
8,195 papers · 7 recurring themes
Opportunities · 01Inflammation‑Targeted Therapies
1,108 papers18.5% of this theme group
Research explores novel anti‑inflammatory strategies for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and related disorders.
Disease (325) · Inflammation (102) · Diabetes mellitus (53) · Immune system (108)
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Diabetes: From Molecular Mechanisms to Functional Significance and Therapeutic Opportunities
Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Atherosclerosis and Current Advances in Targeted Therapeutics
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3678.0 |
| 2023 | 3167.0 |
| 2024 | 3229.4 |
| 2025 | 3203.8 |
Opportunities · 02Druggable Genome Exploration
1,039 papers17.3% of this theme group
Papers identify genomic regions and pathways ripe for new target validation and drug development.
Genome (394) · Gene (264) · Genomics (118) · Genome-wide association study (67)
Heritability enrichment of specifically expressed genes identifies disease-relevant tissues and cell types
The druggable genome and support for target identification and validation in drug development
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2539.2 |
| 2023 | 2616.9 |
| 2024 | 2403.6 |
| 2025 | 1960.3 |
Opportunities · 03Multi‑Omic Computational Platforms
951 papers15.8% of this theme group
Works develop integrative proteomics and bioinformatics pipelines to model complex biological interactions.
Proteomics (97) · Proteome (69) · Computational biology (104) · Workflow (58)
Metabolic Reconstruction for Metagenomic Data and Its Application to the Human Microbiome \n
Large-scale multi-omic biosequence transformers for modeling protein–nucleic acid interactions
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1026.5 |
| 2023 | 1052.9 |
| 2024 | 1295.2 |
| 2025 | 960.2 |
Opportunities · 04Antimicrobial Discovery Innovations
887 papers14.8% of this theme group
Studies present new peptide, phytochemical, and microfluidic approaches for next‑generation antibiotics.
Antimicrobial (35) · Epitope (41) · Drug discovery (66) · Antibiotics (31)
Bioactive Phytochemicals in Experimental Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanisms, Efficacy, and Translational Potential
Lymphatics-on-a-chip microphysiological system: engineering lymphatic structure and function <i>in vitro</i>
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 172.7 |
| 2023 | 170.1 |
| 2024 | 187.2 |
| 2025 | 238.5 |
Opportunities · 05Cancer Biomarker Advancement
863 papers14.4% of this theme group
Research advances microRNA and stochastic modeling tools to improve diagnosis and treatment prediction.
Cancer (250) · Breast cancer (94) · Immunotherapy (80) · Colorectal cancer (48)
MicroRNAs: New Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, Therapy Prediction and Therapeutic Tools for Breast Cancer
Advancing Cancer Research Through Stochastic Modeling: Insights into Tumor Growth, Evolution, and Treatment Response
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2471.1 |
| 2023 | 3143.1 |
| 2024 | 2665.0 |
| 2025 | 2400.0 |
Opportunities · 06CRISPR‑Based Therapeutics
667 papers11.1% of this theme group
Papers showcase multiplexed genome and RNA editing techniques for precise disease intervention.
CRISPR (114) · Genome editing (66) · Cas9 (43) · Gene (125)
Multiplex Genome Engineering Using CRISPR/Cas Systems
RNA editing with CRISPR-Cas13
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 64.2 |
| 2023 | 65.9 |
| 2024 | 68.9 |
| 2025 | 71.3 |
Opportunities · 07Spatial Transcriptomics Expansion
485 papers8.1% of this theme group
Works leverage imaging and transcription factor analysis to map cellular states in disease contexts.
Transcriptome (345) · Transcription factor (65) · Gene (125) · Gene expression (46)
Reconstructing biologically coherent cellular profiles from imaging-based spatial transcriptomics
Transcriptomic Correlation Identifies Cell Model Representatives for <i>MYCN</i> -Amplified Pediatric Neuroblastoma, Downstream Impact of Mo
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 2513.0 |
| 2023 | 2576.9 |
| 2024 | 2329.1 |
| 2025 | 1980.2 |
How this field compares with the research baseline
Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.
| Research orientation | This field | Reference sample |
|---|---|---|
| Breakthrough | 38.4% | 26.6% |
| Promising | 26.6% | 36.7% |
| Descriptive | 17.0% | 17.9% |
| Problem-identifying | 10.4% | 9.7% |
| Cautionary | 4.0% | 4.3% |
| Comparative | 2.0% | 3.9% |
| Critical | 1.7% | 0.9% |
Concerns receiving less research attention
Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.
| Concern / example paper | Papers | Share | Raised as a problem | Worldwide share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Privacy & surveillanceSARS-CoV-2 wastewater genomic surveillance: approaches, challenges, and opportunities | 39 | 0.32% | 2 (5.1%) | 0.28% |
| Bias & fairnessRNA-Based Biomarkers for Diagnostic Discrimination of Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Systematic Review | 4 | 0.03% | 1 (25.0%) | 0.04% |
| Safety & misuseLevels of Analysis in Evolutionary Genetics: Novel Genes and the Misuse of Homology | 2 | 0.02% | 1 (50.0%) | 0.01% |
| Energy & datacenter footprintMEGA12: Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis Version 12 for Adaptive and Green Computing | 1 | 0.01% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.0% |
| Water use | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Carbon & emissions of compute | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Hardware, e-waste & supply chain | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Labour & data work | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Concentration of compute power | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
Research orientation and citation rankings describe the covered collection. Its recorded publication dates do not support an overall publication-volume trend.
Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.
GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINTWhere companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.
Expand panel +
Where companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.
San Francisco
80 companies26.1% across the displayed hubs
16 companies hiring · $5.3B disclosed funding
Explore companies in San Francisco ↗San Diego
51 companies16.7% across the displayed hubs
3 companies hiring · $892.2M disclosed funding
Explore companies in San Diego ↗
Cambridge
48 companies15.7% across the displayed hubs
7 companies hiring · $4.7B disclosed funding
Explore companies in Cambridge ↗
Boston
42 companies13.7% across the displayed hubs
6 companies hiring · $2.0B disclosed funding
Explore companies in Boston ↗New York City
38 companies12.4% across the displayed hubs
7 companies hiring · $1.3B disclosed funding
Explore companies in New York City ↗
Seattle
17 companies5.6% across the displayed hubs
2 companies hiring · $175.7M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Seattle ↗
Durham
15 companies4.9% across the displayed hubs
1 companies hiring · $461.1M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Durham ↗Palo Alto
15 companies4.9% across the displayed hubs
2 companies hiring · $177.1M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Palo Alto ↗AI Drug Discovery in the United States: key questions
Clear definitions for making better comparisons.
What does this landscape measure?
It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.
Can segment counts be added together?
No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.
What does a missing figure mean?
A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.
Company ecosystem snapshot: 1 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.
Canonical landscape ↗