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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE TORONTO EDITION 2026

Toronto’s
ai industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping ai in Toronto. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for AI Industry Landscape of Toronto
CA
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

AI illustration
Companies tracked 327AI ecosystem in Toronto Disclosed funding $6.32B80 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 34With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 960 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore Toronto’s ai leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
AI company highlights in Toronto, snapshot 3 September 2026
Company
Coherecohere.com$1.53B5 roles44—
Tenstorrenttenstorrent.com$1.18B12 roles350—
Waabiwaabi.ai$1.03B5 roles127—
StackAdaptstackadapt.com$536.9M9 roles993Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Deep Genomicsdeepgenomics.com$237.96M—105—
Adaada.cx$191.92M—394—
Benchscibenchsci.com$157.73M—426—
Untether AIuntether.ai$152M—122—
Varicentvaricent.com—7 roles670—
Blue Jbluej.com—6 roles54—
Hermeshermesai.app—5 roles——
Ribbonribbon.ai—5 roles——
AI ML Innovationsaiml-innovations.com——3—
Alexialexi.com——40—
Chatbasechatbase.co————
Dippydippy.ai————
Ecomtentecomtent.ai————
Formaforma.ai——145—
Ideogramideogram.ai————
RoseRocketroserocket.com——152—
TinEyetineye.com——12—
Una Softwareunasoftware.com————
Viggleviggle.ai————
blanc labsblanclabs.com——193—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

AI industry KPIs in Toronto

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

3 September 2026
Hiring participation10.4%

34 of 327 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation26.6%

87 of 327 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share59.3%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$5M

Midpoint of 187 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 59.3% of disclosed capital, while 73.4% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How Toronto ai has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

Toronto ai
$0$459.08M$918.16M$1.38B$1.84B2016: $17.47M20162017: $70.32M20172018: $125.75M20182019: $76.45M20192020: $156.56M20202021: $1.12B20212022: $642.99M20222023: $616.58M20232024: $1.61B20242025: $1.04B2025
View the numbers
Annual ai funding and company formation in Toronto
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$17.47M157
2017$70.32M1812
2018$125.75M1514
2019$76.45M2510
2020$156.56M2611
2021$1.12B2221
2022$642.99M2922
2023$616.58M5719
2024$1.61B3521
2025$1.04B2921
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Cohere24.3%
  • Tenstorrent18.6%
  • Waabi16.3%
  • Other companies40.7%

Funding by stage

225 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel100 44.4%
Series A–B73 32.4%
Series C+ / PE22 9.8%
Grants, debt & other30 13.3%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
0 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series C01/2026
Waabiwaabi.ai$750M

Backed by Khosla Ventures and G2 Venture Partners and others.

Series D08/2025
Coherecohere.com$500M

Backed by Radical Ventures and Inovia Capital and others.

Series B06/2024
Waabiwaabi.ai$200M

Backed by Uber and Khosla Ventures and others.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Expand panel +

Annual accounts availability

The measured Canada identity-to-filing probe did not produce a qualifying designated legal or national-ID join: world_filings_distributed exposes no reviewed Canadian national-ID key; none of the designated Canadian identities carried a CIK.; The measured Canada identity-to-filing probe did not produce a qualifying designated legal or national-ID join: world_filings_distributed exposes no reviewed Canadian national-ID key; none of the designated Canadian identities carried a CIK.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the Toronto companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

13 of the 327 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (4%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 461,529 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
TinEyetineye.com7,968,6966858.7%
StackAdaptstackadapt.com4,762,0304494.2%
Ideogramideogram.ai4,562,8676128%
Viggleviggle.ai2,569,1365366.3%
Chatbasechatbase.co753,4644459.5%
Magisterium AImagisterium.com531,7033259.8%
Coherecohere.com461,5294423.9%
Lookilooki.ai357,9262892.3%
Dippydippy.ai335,7993562.3%
Varicentvaricent.com314,2233625.9%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

29 of these companies (8.9%) publish at least one Android app — 48 apps in all, carrying 14.1M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Viggle AI: Meme MakerViggle9.3M4.6Entertainment
Dippy-AI Characters & RoleplayDippy2.3M3.5Entertainment
WOMBO Elections: AI MemesWOMBO1.8M4Photography
Wave AI Note Taker & RecorderWave208.5K4.6Productivity
Abody.ai: Body Measurement appABODY202.3K3.2Health & Fitness
Anura LiteAnura114.9K2.7Health & Fitness
Magisterium AIMagisterium AI45.8K4.8Education
Habitomic:ADHD-Friendly HabitsHabitomic20.3K4.1Productivity
Rose RocketRoseRocket18.5K3.1Business
AppForceStudio: AI App BuilderAppForceStudio8.6K3.7Tools

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q3–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Artificial Intelligence4712.3MViggle AI: Meme Maker 9.3M
Ai Infrastructure34.1MDippy-AI Characters & Roleplay 2.3M
Generative Ai22.5MWave AI Note Taker & Recorder 208.5K
Brands Tech3202.8KAbody.ai: Body Measurement app 202.3K
Disease Self Management4140.3KAnura Lite 114.9K
Computer Vision4124.1KFlagBot - Photo Flag Identific 4.2K
Logistics Tech418.6KRose Rocket 18.5K
Security & Surveillance Technology49.2K3dEYE 3.9K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2022Q4: 12022Q4: 12022Q42023Q1: 32023Q1: 02023Q12023Q2: 12023Q2: 02023Q22023Q3: 12023Q3: 02023Q32023Q4: 12023Q4: 12023Q42024Q1: 12024Q1: 02024Q12024Q3: 22024Q3: 02024Q32024Q4: 32024Q4: 32024Q42025Q1: 22025Q1: 22025Q12025Q2: 42025Q2: 52025Q22025Q3: 22025Q3: 52025Q32025Q4: 22025Q4: 102025Q4

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 44 of 48 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2025Q4, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The Toronto ai market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech254
Enterprise software206
Saas179
Deep tech117
Consumer digital58
Healthtech36
Native ai in healthcare34
Fintech20
Native ai in software development19
Native ai in marketing19
Native ai in financial services16
Healthtech saas12

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

254companies
12.6%have hiring activity

32 companies hiring · $6.25B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription309
Advertising11
Fee-for-service11
Commission on transaction8
Licensing3
E-commerce - service3
E-commerce - product2
Affiliate marketing1
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionscentml.ai ↗

Fellows like Gennady Pekhimenko, who built and sold CentML to NVIDIA in a deal reportedly worth up to $400 million USD before joining AXL as a Fellow.

Funding roundsaiml-innovations.com ↗

AI/ML Innovations Inc. (" AIML " or the " Company ") (CSE:AIML)(OTCQB:AIMLF)(FSE:42FB) is pleased to announce that it has closed the first tranche of its previously announced non-brokered private placement (the " Offering ")

Funding roundsunasoftware.com ↗

Proceeds used to deepen Una’s AI agent framework, expand its Global Template Library, and scale sales, marketing, and partnership efforts to meet growing midmarket and enterprise demand.

Mergers & acquisitionssecoda.co ↗

Atlassian has acquired Secoda, a data governance and AI-powered analytics platform.

Funding roundsbenchiq.com ↗

Battery Ventures and Inovia Capital led the company's $5 million seed round.

Funding roundstempolabs.ai ↗

Tempo Labs, a Toronto, Canada-based AI-powered design-engineering platform, has raised $5 million in Seed funding.

Mergers & acquisitionsroserocket.com ↗

AI-enabled TMS provider Rose Rocket announced Monday that it has acquired Toronto-based technology provider Centro.

Funding roundsastrus.ai ↗

Astrus, a Toronto- and Kitchener-Waterloo-based AI software startup, has raised $8 million USD ($11 million CAD) in seed funding.

Funding roundsbluej.com ↗

Blue J, a Toronto-based provider of generative AI tax research software, has raised $122 million in a Series D round.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 170 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Funding rounds
70
Leadership moves
51
New products
13
Mergers & acquisitions
11
Capital infusions
7
Regulatory
6
Contracts
5
Company announcements
3
Incorporation
2
Board Updates
1
5 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Leadership moves

8 tracked people moves

Varicent ↗
Doug Robinson

Appointment Board of Directors

Erik Suokas

Appointment Chief Operating Officer

ODAIA ↗
Jacqueline Markle

Appointment Vice President of Pharma Technical Strategy

ODAIA ↗
Andrew Gunn

Appointment Chief Commercial Officer

StackAdapt ↗
Sam Schneider

Appointment Sales Director, Victoria

StackAdapt ↗
Chris Scudder

Appointment Sales Director, NSW

StackAdapt ↗
Martin Perelmuter

Appointment Regional Agency Development Manager, LATAM

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

StackAdapt ↗
NPI Targeting and Measurement capabilities

Targeting & Measurement

StackAdapt ↗
in-platform National Provider Identifier (NPI) Targeting and Measurement

Advertising technology

Workforce actions

1 companies with reported reductions

Benchsci ↗

Scale not stated roleseconomic environment, operational efficiencies, and adaptation to technological advancements, specifically generative AI

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
nvidia→CentML ↗Rumored2026-04-02$400.0M
atlassian→Secoda ↗Announced2025-12-05Not stated in snapshot
threed capital→AI ML Innovations ↗Announced2025-10-02$1.3M
RoseRocket→centroAnnounced2025-10-01Not stated in snapshot
healwell ai→Pentavere ↗Completed2025-07-17$14.0M
Advanced Micro Devices→Untether AI ↗Announced2025-06-30Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

262 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 554-posting snapshot covers 42 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Senior Data Engineer12
Assistant Manager Retail10
Machine Learning Researcher9
Machine Learning Engineer8
Designer7
Procurement Analyst7
0 internship postings

14 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

237 postings specify a level.

unspecified
317
senior
114
manager
92
lead
25
entry
4
intern
2

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 554 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Python
36
Rag
21
Aws
14
Kubernetes
13
Gcp
13
Semantic Search
12
Jax
12
Json
12
Csv
12
Saas
11
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

249 founders and chief executives across 147 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

108 profiles with education records.

University of Toronto
50
University of Waterloo
26
York University
6
Queen's University
6
McMaster University
4
Stanford University
4
McGill University
4
Carnegie Mellon University
4

Prior employers

20 profiles with prior-work records.

Google
6
Microsoft
3
Amazon
3
Facebook
2
Intel
2
Apple
2
Morgan Stanley
1
Bain
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

57,257 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
57,257articles in the measured year
14,044articles in 2026Q1
68.9%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

AI coverage tagged Toronto · articles per complete quarter

07,10714,21321,32028,4272021Q2: 16,0572021Q22021Q3: 15,4862021Q4: 12,1762022Q1: 16,3382022Q2: 16,1992022Q22022Q3: 15,1962022Q4: 16,5102023Q1: 15,1782023Q2: 16,9412023Q22023Q3: 16,6132023Q4: 15,8402024Q1: 19,3372024Q2: 20,2752024Q22024Q3: 18,5442024Q4: 20,8542025Q1: 24,7192025Q2: 16,9682025Q22025Q3: 20,3082025Q4: 11,6432026Q1: 14,0442026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q216,057
2021Q315,486
2021Q412,176
2022Q116,338
2022Q216,199
2022Q315,196
2022Q416,510
2023Q115,178
2023Q216,941
2023Q316,613
2023Q415,840
2024Q119,337
2024Q220,275
2024Q318,544
2024Q420,854
2025Q124,719
2025Q216,968
2025Q320,308
2025Q411,643
2026Q114,044

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
34,591 positive · 660 neutral · 11,689 negative
2022
44,353 positive · 1,261 neutral · 18,463 negative
2023
44,724 positive · 1,013 neutral · 18,662 negative
2024
54,846 positive · 1,203 neutral · 22,737 negative
2025
50,624 positive · 1,271 neutral · 21,586 negative

Leading coverage topics

AI coverage tagged Toronto · ranked by full-period article count.

Administrative And Political Subdivisions4,176,089 articles in the full recorded period
899,080 recent · 769,874 prior
Geographic Naming Conventions And Etymology81,136 articles in the full recorded period
44,908 recent · 8,626 prior
International Sports Competitions39,220 articles in the full recorded period
9,905 recent · 9,729 prior
Trade Policies And Agreements34,459 articles in the full recorded period
10,523 recent · 20,159 prior
International Political Relations29,289 articles in the full recorded period
9,262 recent · 7,886 prior
Olympic Games Coverage22,942 articles in the full recorded period
5,728 recent · 5,868 prior
Security And Defense Policies17,058 articles in the full recorded period
4,833 recent · 4,306 prior
Sports Broadcast Rights Updates16,957 articles in the full recorded period
2,074 recent · 3,258 prior
Hockey Fan Culture And Traditions16,106 articles in the full recorded period
1,121 recent · 3,152 prior
Sports Governance And Policy Changes16,036 articles in the full recorded period
2,918 recent · 3,106 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

Canada comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
multilateral diplomacy1,07172847%
angel investors1,033387167%
ice sports875227285%
international cups81457242%
wto rulings75639492%
investment deal72144462%
national security strategy63339560%
public offering59241842%
international cooperation57239047%
ski competitions560267110%
tariff negotiations6,30815,291-59%
free trade deals3,1396,379-51%
trade dispute mechanisms2,9394,664-37%
bilateral trade1,9283,507-45%
preferential tariff1,2843,314-61%

Event and signal lenses

Canada comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

547,731 classified articles

tariff negotiations, free trade deals, trade dispute mechanisms

36.9% critical · 35.2% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

149,076 classified articles

angel investors, investment deal, trade deficits fx

28.8% critical · 42.9% positive
Rising

Growth

220,701 classified articles

earnings report, league expansion news, quarterly financials

27.0% critical · 46.8% positive

AI coverage tagged Toronto. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What AI research is working on

37,758 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
37,758papers
37,758worldwide comparison pool
—India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Breakthrough
19,794
Descriptive
6,479
Promising
6,058
Problem-identifying
2,131
Comparative
1,119
Cautionary
1,100
Critical
1,077

Contribution mix

Methods-led
22,175
Empirical
9,051
Theoretical
2,831
Reviews
2,576
Position pieces
1,125

Tone counts: 34,296 positive · 2,499 neutral · 963 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
3,208 papers · 8.5% of this field
  • Generative grammar185 papers
  • Benchmark136 papers
  • Cognition134 papers
  • Applications of artificial intelligence106 papers
  • Natural98 papers
  • Corporate governance90 papers
  • Software deployment78 papers
  • Consciousness78 papers

Landmark: Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis

Cautions
1,100 papers · 2.9% of this field
  • Generative grammar78 papers
  • Robustness56 papers
  • Benchmark52 papers
  • Applications of artificial intelligence42 papers
  • Reliability41 papers
  • Cognition37 papers
  • Pattern recognition37 papers
  • Language model35 papers

Landmark: A Survey on Transfer Learning

Opportunities
25,852 papers · 68.5% of this field
  • Pattern recognition1,555 papers
  • Robustness1,413 papers
  • Benchmark1,411 papers
  • Convolutional neural network967 papers
  • Scalability940 papers
  • Representation901 papers
  • Reinforcement learning846 papers
  • Segmentation834 papers

Landmark: Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition

Leading institutions

Google
852,969
University of California, Berkeley
417,458
Meta
388,739
Microsoft Research
371,211
Stanford University
333,419
University of Toronto
281,644

Leading researchers

Kaiming He
499,175
Jian Sun
371,660
Shaoqing Ren
328,758
Ross Girshick
293,525
Xiangyu Zhang
267,982
Geoffrey E. Hinton
182,308
Ilya Sutskever
170,441
Alex Krizhevsky
141,812

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks75,550 citations
  • Very Deep Convolutional Networks for Large-Scale Image Recognition75,407 citations
  • MizAR 60 for Mizar 5074,517 citations
  • Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python63,388 citations
  • ImageNet: A large-scale hierarchical image database60,625 citations

Common problems researchers identify

6,748 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Cloud Computing / Edge ComputingCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Cloud Computing / Edge Computing

1,443 papers

24.1% of this theme group

Cloud computing (1,335) · Edge computing (119) · Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (99) · Scalability (137)

Cloud Computing: Issues and Challenges

Cloud Computing Resource Scheduling and a Survey of Its Evolutionary Approaches

View research history
YearShare index
2022127.0
2023132.4
2024117.6
2025230.9
Benchmark / RepresentationCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Benchmark / Representation

1,403 papers

23.4% of this theme group

Benchmark (68) · Representation (38) · Language model (24) · Pattern recognition (28)

Representation Learning: A Review and New Perspectives

Machine Learning Interpretability: A Survey on Methods and Metrics

View research history
YearShare index
202221.9
202329.4
202421.0
202528.0
Computer Security / Cloud Computing SecurityCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Computer Security / Cloud Computing Security

869 papers

14.5% of this theme group

Computer security (285) · Cloud computing security (257) · Cloud computing (713) · Data security (56)

An analysis of security issues for cloud computing

Cloud computing security threats and responses

View research history
YearShare index
2022497.6
2023506.5
2024542.9
2025412.8
Applications Of Artificial Intelligence / Human IntelligenceCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Applications Of Artificial Intelligence / Human Intelligence

809 papers

13.5% of this theme group

Applications of artificial intelligence (104) · Human intelligence (31) · Generative grammar (62) · Corporate governance (55)

DEVELOPMENT OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ITS RISKS: TECHNOLOGICAL PROGRESS AND THE FUTURE OF HUMANITY

Artificial intelligence agents and agentic AI systems: Architectures, capabilities, applications, challenges, and future directions

View research history
YearShare index
202239.2
202360.6
202491.4
2025201.5
Integrated Circuit / Electronic CircuitCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Integrated Circuit / Electronic Circuit

614 papers

10.2% of this theme group

Integrated circuit (127) · Electronic circuit (81) · Transistor (47) · CMOS (40)

Quantitatively analyzing the performance of integrated circuits and their reliability

Analog/Mixed-Signal Circuit Synthesis Enabled by the Advancements of Circuit Architectures and Machine Learning Algorithms

View research history
YearShare index
202246.3
202345.7
202436.2
202536.8
Digital Transformation / Cloud ComputingCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Digital Transformation / Cloud Computing

454 papers

7.6% of this theme group

Digital transformation (156) · Cloud computing (310) · Digital economy (44) · Industry 4.0 (42)

Digital Transformation in Business: Opportunities and Challenges

Digital Transformation in a Modern Organization: Opportunities and Challenges

View research history
YearShare index
202259.5
202367.4
202489.4
2025136.8
Energy Management / Energy Management SystemCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Energy Management / Energy Management System

408 papers

6.8% of this theme group

Energy management (79) · Energy management system (39) · Heat pump (38) · Energy (43)

Energy management in microgrid and multi‐microgrid

Intelligent Energy Management System of a Microgrid Using Optimization Techniques

View research history
YearShare index
202215.8
202317.1
202418.3
202521.8

Cautions

2,037 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Pattern Recognition / Language ModelCautions · 01

Pattern Recognition / Language Model

572 papers

28.1% of this theme group

Pattern recognition (26) · Language model (20) · Benchmark (32) · Robustness (34)

Making better M <scp>axent</scp> models of species distributions: complexity, overfitting and evaluation

Causal Representation Learning on High-Dimensional Data: Benchmarks, Reproducibility, and Evaluation Metrics

View research history
YearShare index
202219.1
202327.1
202418.6
202526.1
Cloud Computing / Operating SystemCautions · 02

Cloud Computing / Operating System

289 papers

14.2% of this theme group

Cloud computing (225) · Operating system (44) · Distributed computing (22) · Virtualization (20)

Performance Analysis of Cloud Computing Services for Many-Tasks Scientific Computing

Optimizing low latency public cloud systems: Strategies for network, compute and storage efficiency

View research history
YearShare index
2022438.3
2023417.3
2024413.0
2025282.3
Applications Of Artificial Intelligence / Generative GrammarCautions · 03

Applications Of Artificial Intelligence / Generative Grammar

281 papers

13.8% of this theme group

Applications of artificial intelligence (39) · Generative grammar (52) · Transformative learning (22) · MEDLINE (17)

Artificial Intelligence toward Sustainable Impact Accelerator through Education, Research, and Advocacy: Critical Assessments

Artificial intelligence (AI) in psychology: a commentary on AI’s emerging role and the ensuing conversation.

View research history
YearShare index
202243.9
202373.5
2024114.3
2025242.2
Aerosol / Atmospheric SciencesCautions · 04

Aerosol / Atmospheric Sciences

270 papers

13.3% of this theme group

Aerosol (57) · Atmospheric sciences (49) · Meteorology (41) · Satellite (47)

Exposing Global Cloud Biases in the Community Atmosphere Model (CAM) Using Satellite Observations and Their Corresponding Instrument Simulat

Challenges in global climate models to represent cloud response to aerosols: insights from volcanic eruptions

View research history
YearShare index
2022133.3
2023131.6
2024122.1
202594.9
Electronic Circuit / Integrated CircuitCautions · 05

Electronic Circuit / Integrated Circuit

253 papers

12.4% of this theme group

Electronic circuit (40) · Integrated circuit (33) · Transistor (23) · CMOS (22)

Evaluating the Impact of Process Variability and Radiation Effects on Different Transistor Arrangements

The Impact of Process Variations on the Thermo-Mechanical Behavior of 3D Integrated Circuits

View research history
YearShare index
202246.3
202345.7
202436.2
202536.8
Cloud Computing / Digital TransformationCautions · 06

Cloud Computing / Digital Transformation

207 papers

10.2% of this theme group

Cloud computing (173) · Digital transformation (37) · Information technology (21) · Big data (27)

The impact of cloud computing technology on cloud accounting adoption and financial management of businesses

Evolution, impact, and future of cloud computing

View research history
YearShare index
2022201.8
2023208.7
2024241.6
2025388.5
Cloud Computing / Computer SecurityCautions · 07

Cloud Computing / Computer Security

165 papers

8.1% of this theme group

Cloud computing (111) · Computer security (34) · Cloud computing security (34) · Encryption (22)

Secure cloud computing: Benefits, risks and controls

A survey of risks, threats and vulnerabilities in cloud computing

View research history
YearShare index
2022502.8
2023510.6
2024540.9
2025414.2

Opportunities

54,123 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Pattern Recognition / Convolutional Neural NetworkOpportunities · 01

Pattern Recognition / Convolutional Neural Network

2,062 papers

34.4% of this theme group

Pattern recognition (165) · Convolutional neural network (122) · Representation (86) · Robustness (126)

Accelerating Deep Learning Inference for Brain Tumor Segmentation: A Review of Architectures, Frameworks, and Clinical Translation

FedLAGC: Towards High Performance System-Heterogeneous Federated Learning via Layer-Adaptive Submodel Extraction and Gradient Correction

View research history
YearShare index
2022171.2
2023162.8
2024111.8
2025189.7
Cloud Computing / ScalabilityOpportunities · 02

Cloud Computing / Scalability

1,274 papers

21.2% of this theme group

Cloud computing (1,056) · Scalability (206) · Scheduling (105) · Internet of Things (94)

AI-DRIVEN CLOUD COMPUTING: MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR DYNAMIC RESOURCE ALLOCATION, TASK SCHEDULING, AND PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION

Integrating Artificial Intelligence with Cloud Platforms to Optimize Performance, Scalability, and Reliability in Distributed Computing Syst

View research history
YearShare index
2022184.6
2023190.6
2024207.0
2025345.7
Integrated Circuit / Electronic CircuitOpportunities · 03

Integrated Circuit / Electronic Circuit

813 papers

13.6% of this theme group

Integrated circuit (118) · Electronic circuit (107) · CMOS (91) · Chip (71)

Design of On-Chip Lightweight Sensors for Effective Detection of Recycled ICs

Hierarchical Analog/Mixed-Signal Circuit Optimization Under Process Variations and Tuning

View research history
YearShare index
202251.2
202349.3
202438.5
202536.6
Encryption / Cloud ComputingOpportunities · 04

Encryption / Cloud Computing

629 papers

10.5% of this theme group

Encryption (135) · Cloud computing (462) · Computer security (87) · Intrusion detection system (62)

A Secure and Intelligent Data Transfer System for Cloud Environments using Hybrid Cryptography and Deep Learning-based Intrusion Detection

MULTI-LAYERED AUTHENTICATION AND ENCRYPTION FOR CLOUD SAFETY

View research history
YearShare index
2022507.6
2023515.5
2024548.3
2025436.1
Energy Management / Energy Management SystemOpportunities · 05

Energy Management / Energy Management System

479 papers

8.0% of this theme group

Energy management (188) · Energy management system (111) · Microgrid (70) · Smart grid (70)

Design and Implementation of a Microgrid Energy Management System

Study of Energy Management System and IOT Integration in Smart Grid

View research history
YearShare index
202229.8
202330.5
202429.3
202528.9
Point Cloud / Cloud ComputingOpportunities · 06

Point Cloud / Cloud Computing

453 papers

7.5% of this theme group

Point cloud (188) · Cloud computing (301) · Lidar (34) · Satellite (39)

PointAugment: An Auto-Augmentation Framework for Point Cloud Classification

Enhanced Point Cloud Object Classification using Convolutional Neural Networks and Bearing Angle Image

View research history
YearShare index
202283.5
202386.5
202480.7
202573.6
Enhanced Data Rates For Gsm Evolution / Edge ComputingOpportunities · 07

Enhanced Data Rates For Gsm Evolution / Edge Computing

290 papers

4.8% of this theme group

Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (154) · Edge computing (120) · Edge device (52) · Mobile edge computing (30)

Secure Data Sharing and Searching at the Edge of Cloud-Assisted Internet of Things

Implementasi Edge Computing untuk Optimalisasi Pengumpulan Data Sensor pada Smart Building

View research history
YearShare index
202262.6
202362.2
202463.3
202585.4

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Breakthrough52.4%26.3%
Descriptive17.2%17.2%
Promising16.0%37.9%
Problem-identifying5.6%9.6%
Comparative3.0%3.8%
Cautionary2.9%4.3%
Critical2.9%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceFake News Detection on Social Media1,9312.59%409 (21.2%)2.59%
Energy & datacenter footprintHarnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices8091.09%113 (14.0%)1.09%
Safety & misuseSurvey of Hallucination in Natural Language Generation2180.29%39 (17.9%)0.29%
Water useAccelerating thermal simulations of 3D ICs with liquid cooling using neural networks1220.16%12 (9.8%)0.16%
Bias & fairnessDouble/debiased machine learning for treatment and structural parameters690.09%17 (24.6%)0.09%
Carbon & emissions of computeMeasuring the Carbon Intensity of AI in Cloud Instances590.08%10 (16.9%)0.08%
Concentration of compute powerGeopolitical ecologies of cloud capitalism: Territorial restructuring and the making of national computing power in the 270.04%9 (33.3%)0.04%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainDigital Detox: Reducing E-Waste Through Sustainable Technology Practices230.03%4 (17.4%)0.03%
Labour & data workRobots and Jobs: Evidence from US Labor Markets220.03%10 (45.5%)0.03%

Research orientation and citation rankings describe the covered collection. Its recorded publication dates do not support an overall publication-volume trend.

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

AI in Toronto: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

KEEP EXPLORING

Put Toronto in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 3 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
Coming soon