Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE SAN FRANCISCO EDITION 2026

San Francisco’s
auto tech industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping auto tech in San Francisco. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Auto Tech Industry Landscape of San Francisco
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Auto Tech illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore San Francisco’s auto tech leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Auto Tech company highlights in San Francisco, snapshot 3 September 2026
Company
Uberuber.com$18.66B30,400Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Cruisegetcruise.com$7.72B3,326
Lyftlyft.com$5.02B9 roles4,419$5.9BFYFY2025 filing
Limeli.me$1.82B386
TeraWattterawattinfrastructure.com$1.1B57
Samsarasamsara.com$915M2,266$1.25BFYFY2025 filing
Getaroundgetaround.com$763.02M128
GoMotivegomotive.com$717.3M4,300
Gotiongotion.com10 roles45
Ousterouster.com8 roles217$169.38MFYFY2025 filing
Stafl Systemsstaflsystems.com6 roles52
Agtonomyagtonomy.com5 roles44
Bedrock Roboticsbedrockrobotics.com4 roles
Glydwaysglydways.com4 roles76
Hayden AIhayden.ai4 roles82
AutoFiautofi.com150
Bimotalbimotal.com10Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Chariotchariot.com113
Hyrecarhyrecar.com76$1.44MFYFY2020 filing
SPANspan.io220
Scoot Networksscoot.co40
Starship Technologiesstarship.xyz164
TESLARATIteslarati.com36
Token Transittokentransit.com9
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

Auto Tech industry KPIs in San Francisco

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

3 September 2026
Hiring participation10.4%

38 of 365 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation46.0%

168 of 365 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share72.2%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$10M

Midpoint of 341 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 72.2% of disclosed capital, while 54.0% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How San Francisco auto tech has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

San Francisco auto tech
$0$2.4B$4.8B$7.19B$9.59B2016: $5.05B20162017: $2.89B20172018: $8.41B20182019: $4.78B20192020: $2.27B20202021: $3.59B20212022: $3.96B20222023: $345.18M20232024: $353.19M20242025: $711.62M2025
View the numbers
Annual auto tech funding and company formation in San Francisco
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$5.05B2627
2017$2.89B3335
2018$8.41B2128
2019$4.78B2439
2020$2.27B1723
2021$3.59B2129
2022$3.96B930
2023$345.18M2116
2024$353.19M1518
2025$711.62M714
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Uber42.9%
  • Cruise17.8%
  • Lyft11.5%
  • Other companies27.8%

Funding by stage

422 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel139 32.9%
Series A–B156 37.0%
Series C+ / PE74 17.5%
Grants, debt & other53 12.6%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
4 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Seed05/2026
Pollen $3.76M

Backed by Pale Blue Dot and MSM and others.

Series B03/2026
Ridepanda $12.6M

Backed by Bikeleasing-Service and Blackhorn Ventures and others.

Conventional Debt03/2026
Ridepanda

Backed by CSC Leasing and Camber Road.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series E12/2014
Uberuber.com$2.8B

Backed by Fidelity Investments and Wellington and others.

Series E05/2015
Uberuber.com$1.69B

Backed by Goldman Sachs Investment Partners.

Series G01/2018
Uberuber.com$1.3B

Backed by TPG and Sequoia Capital and others.

Series D06/2014
Uberuber.com$1.2B

Backed by Fidelity Investments and Wellington and others.

Series F07/2015
Uberuber.com$1B

Backed by Microsoft and Kingdom Holding Company.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 3 reporting entities from 7 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not San Francisco market sales.

Net profit / loss

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities

None of 3 covered entities.

Top-five concentration

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 3 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

3 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
SAN FRANCISCO · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does auto tech compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the San Francisco companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

11 of the 365 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (3%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 1,094,701 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Uberuber.com101,211,0688782%
Lyftlyft.com19,114,2636794.7%
Samsarasamsara.com9,954,4135013.4%
TESLARATIteslarati.com1,523,6585175.3%
Getaroundgetaround.com1,363,5555771.3%
Limeli.me1,094,7016082.3%
Shop-Wareshop-ware.com624,2963642.6%
AutoFiautofi.com212,4094061.2%
row52row52.com79,1203262.4%
Swiftlygoswift.ly60,5373674.4%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

61 of these companies (16.7%) publish at least one Android app — 105 apps in all, carrying 1.5B installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Uber - Request a rideUber1.1B4.7Maps & Navigation
Uber - Driver: Drive & DeliverUber219.2M4.6Business
LyftLyft80.7M4.1Maps & Navigation
Uber LiteUber42.1M4.1Maps & Navigation
Lime - #RideGreenLime32.7M4.9Travel & Local
Lyft DriverLyft9.3M4.8Business
Autolist: Used Car MarketplaceAutolist5.6M4.4Auto & Vehicles
Uber FleetUber5.3M3.5Maps & Navigation
Uber Eats Order ManagerUber4.1M4.8Business
Getaround - car rentalGetaround2.6M3.1Travel & Local

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q3–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Road Transport Tech711.5BUber - Request a ride 1.1B
Electric Vehicles1132.9MLime - #RideGreen 32.7M
Auto E-Commerce & Content45.6MAutolist: Used Car Marketplace 5.6M
Auto Retail & Aftersales35.6MSwoop Towing 50.7K
Logistics Tech154.7MMotive Driver 2.4M
Connected Vehicles154.5MSamsara Driver 1.3M
Security & Surveillance Technology104.2MSamsara Fleet 251.8K
Iot Applications74.1MMotive Fleet 179.1K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q1: 32023Q1: 22023Q12023Q2: 32023Q2: 12023Q22023Q3: 82023Q3: 02023Q32024Q1: 32024Q1: 32024Q12024Q2: 12024Q2: 12024Q22024Q3: 12024Q3: 02024Q32024Q4: 32024Q4: 42024Q42025Q1: 22025Q1: 02025Q12025Q2: 12025Q2: 12025Q22025Q3: 42025Q3: 62025Q32025Q4: 32025Q4: 72025Q42026Q1: 12026Q1: 172026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 94 of 105 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The San Francisco auto tech market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech202
Consumer digital189
Enterprise software100
Green transport88
Deep tech87
Internet of vehicles80
Saas69
Shared mobility60
Marketplaces58
B2c e-commerce51
Electric vehicle charging36
Gig employers35

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

202companies
13.9%have hiring activity

28 companies hiring · $39.18B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription246
Commission on transaction126
E-commerce - service54
Physical commerce53
E-commerce - product46
Fee-for-service41
Advertising32
Renting / leasing14
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionslyft.com ↗

Lyft has agreed to buy Gett’s UK business, marking its third international acquisition in the past year as it looks to grow outside the US.

Funding roundsglydways.com ↗

Glydways has now raised a total of $382.5M in total equity funding and is backed by ACS Group Directory, Gates Frontier Fund, Khosla Ventures, Mitsui Chemicals, and Obayashi Corporation.

Mergers & acquisitionsuber.com ↗

Prosus has sold a 4.5% stake in its German delivery platform, Delivery Hero, to Uber for R5.2 billion.

Funding roundschariot.com ↗

Chariot Plc plans to raise approximately $20 million through an equity placing and subscription to help finance the acquisition of a producing oil interest offshore Angola, the company announced.

Mergers & acquisitionsouster.com ↗

Lidar-maker Ouster has acquired StereoLabs, a company that makes vision-based perception systems for robotics and industrial applications, for a combination of $35 million and 1.8 million shares.

Funding roundsnavierboat.com ↗

Navier announced a $5.6 million seed funding round led by GV, HCVC, and Y Combinator.

Mergers & acquisitionscariqpay.com ↗

Element acquired Car IQ, a vehicle payment software vendor, to enhance digital payments and mobility solutions.

Funding roundspointonenav.com ↗

Point One started branching off to other sectors in 2021, when it announced its $10 million Series A round, according to Nathan.

Leadership movesscoot.co ↗

He then assumed the role of Chief Commercial Officer at Scoot, SIA’s low-cost subsidiary, in 2017.

Company announcementsstarship.xyz ↗

Starship Technologies lays claim to ten million autonomous deliveries across Europe and the USA Starship Technologies reports that it has notched up ten million autonomous deliveries.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 643 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Company announcements
113
Earnings
110
New products
93
Leadership moves
84
Mergers & acquisitions
56
Funding rounds
52
Contracts
46
Lawsuit
18
Capital infusions
18
Layoffs
11
7 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

4 companies with recorded IPO activity

Lyft ↗

IPO · NASDAQ8 reports

Uber ↗

IPO · NYSE15 reports

Lime ↗

IPO1 reports

Hyrecar ↗

IPO · Nasdaq Capital Market3 reports

Leadership moves

24 tracked people moves

Vinod Kannan

Appointment Chief Commercial Officer

Ouster ↗
Cyrille Jacquemet

Appointment Chief Revenue Officer

Lightship ↗
Sune Fladberg

Appointment Vice Chairman of the Executive Board

Lightship ↗
Mark Roberts

Appointment Chief Executive of the Chartering Arm

Uber ↗
Nikesh Arora

Appointment Board Member

Uber ↗
Arjun Kalra

Appointment Head of marketing, India & South Asia

Uber ↗
Ameya Velankar

Resignation Previously Head of Marketing for India and South Asia

Motor Q ↗
Adi Bhashyam

Appointment President

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Uber ↗
Returns feature

Returns

Uber ↗
Uber Connect

Peer‑to‑peer package delivery

Bookinglane ↗
Sprinter Van service

Corporate group transportation

Singapore-Palembang direct flight

Flight route

Hitch ↗
hitch Prepaid Card

Prepaid/NCMC Travel Card

Voyomotive ↗
VOYOLink

Connected vehicle platform

Contract wins

23 recorded customer wins

Uber ↗

Customer: Ras Al Khaimah Transport Authority (RAKTA)Transportation

Gotion ↗

Customer: Chery Heavy TrucksTransportation

Gotion ↗

Customer: Transportation

Uber ↗

Customer: openai

Chariot ↗

Customer: Finance

Chariot ↗

Customer: NigeriaLithium Mining

Workforce actions

5 companies with reported reductions

Uber ↗

3,700 rolesbusiness downturn

Lyft ↗

550 rolescost reduction

Cruise ↗

12 rolescost reduction

Volta ↗

190 rolescost reduction

Automatic ↗

Scale not stated roles

Regulatory events

17 recorded events

Uber ↗

Pending regulatory approval

Chariot ↗

approved for transferNigerian government

Uber ↗

approved for saleBizkaia Provincial Council

Uber ↗

not granted licenceGipuzcoan foreign institution

Litigation

26 tracked suits

Company
stopclub v uber

abuse of dominant position investigation in transport marketRegulatory · Filed

Company
US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) v uber

deceptive subscription practicesRegulatory · Ongoing

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

9companies
148period observations
26.0%median reported growth

Median across 99 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
LyftgettAnnounced2026-04-25Not stated in snapshot
LyftfreenowCompleted2026-04-24$175.0M
Lyfttbr global chauffeuringCompleted2026-04-24Not stated in snapshot
Uberdelivery heroAnnounced2026-04-20Not stated in snapshot
UberblacklaneAnnounced2026-04-03Not stated in snapshot
UbergetirAnnounced2026-03-30$335.0M

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

2,305 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 4,476-posting snapshot covers 70 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Driver348
Drive With Uber For Weekend Cash218
Driver Get Paid Daily163
Earn Extra Income Driving147
Driver Flexible Hours. Instant Pay.128
Driver Flexible Seasonal Earnings92
1 internship postings

63 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

554 postings specify a level.

unspecified
3,922
manager
307
senior
158
lead
50
entry
27
intern
12

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 4,476 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Sql
84
Excel
76
Python
60
Ios
52
Pallet Jack
50
Google Sheets
49
Push Cart
49
Cell Phone Applications
45
Android
36
Tableau
33
ADVERTISED PAY$47.8K/ year

Median across 431 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

Salary by seniority

manager$143.8K/ year48 postings

Advertised posting medians do not describe all employees or roles.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

288 founders and chief executives across 179 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

96 profiles with education records.

Stanford University
24
University of California (Berkeley)
15
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
10
University of Pennsylvania
6
Harvard University
6
Cornell University
4
Yale University
4
Harvard Business School
4

Prior employers

27 profiles with prior-work records.

Google
7
McKinsey
5
Apple
4
Amazon
4
Uber
3
Microsoft
3
Cisco
2
eBay
2

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

11,279 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
11,279articles in the measured year
2,966articles in 2026Q1
72.4%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Auto Tech coverage tagged San Francisco · articles per complete quarter

09741,9482,9223,8962021Q2: 1,9372021Q22021Q3: 2,3902021Q4: 2,0532022Q1: 2,2122022Q2: 2,1012022Q22022Q3: 2,0012022Q4: 2,0742023Q1: 2,1612023Q2: 2,4712023Q22023Q3: 2,1922023Q4: 2,5022024Q1: 2,6622024Q2: 2,4412024Q22024Q3: 2,5022024Q4: 2,4612025Q1: 2,9742025Q2: 2,3382025Q22025Q3: 3,3882025Q4: 2,4382026Q1: 2,9662026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q21,937
2021Q32,390
2021Q42,053
2022Q12,212
2022Q22,101
2022Q32,001
2022Q42,074
2023Q12,161
2023Q22,471
2023Q32,192
2023Q42,502
2024Q12,662
2024Q22,441
2024Q32,502
2024Q42,461
2025Q12,974
2025Q22,338
2025Q33,388
2025Q42,438
2026Q12,966

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
5,197 positive · 50 neutral · 1,626 negative
2022
5,985 positive · 66 neutral · 2,328 negative
2023
6,255 positive · 84 neutral · 2,975 negative
2024
7,266 positive · 34 neutral · 2,756 negative
2025
8,051 positive · 68 neutral · 3,004 negative

Leading coverage topics

Auto Tech coverage tagged San Francisco · ranked by full-period article count.

Electric Vehicle (Ev) Technology And Innovations20,487 articles in the full recorded period
4,201 recent · 3,777 prior
Transportation Related Crashes And Derailments20,020 articles in the full recorded period
4,564 recent · 4,235 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations19,424 articles in the full recorded period
4,503 recent · 3,941 prior
Lunar And Martian Exploration Missions18,791 articles in the full recorded period
7,142 recent · 3,296 prior
Electric Vehicle (Ev) Technology18,387 articles in the full recorded period
3,813 recent · 4,154 prior
Automotive Industry Market Trends15,540 articles in the full recorded period
2,810 recent · 3,926 prior
Strategic Partnerships And Collaborations14,367 articles in the full recorded period
3,416 recent · 3,042 prior
Space Launch Infrastructure Development13,975 articles in the full recorded period
4,546 recent · 4,018 prior
Space Station Infrastructure13,946 articles in the full recorded period
4,274 recent · 5,276 prior
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure13,563 articles in the full recorded period
2,676 recent · 2,961 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United States comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
artemis program3,7162411442%
oil price volatility1,251619102%
tesla autopilot1,00568347%
college playoffs89851375%
luxury yachts666228192%
yacht amenities656210212%
yacht interiors653191242%
sport yachts649218198%
ncaa updates647297118%
commodity trading63037966%
asteroid characterization342708-52%
preferential tariff453706-36%
private astronaut missions422630-33%
trailer rentals4601-99%
new vehicle retailers200564-65%

Event and signal lenses

United States comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

322,283 classified articles

tesla autopilot, stock performance, satellite telecommunication

40.1% critical · 37.5% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

93,886 classified articles

satellite telecommunication, satellite ground stations, satellite telemetry

38.3% critical · 51.2% positive
Rising

Growth

146,216 classified articles

vehicle sales forecasts, automotive segment growth, dc fast-charging deployment

32.4% critical · 46.7% positive

Auto Tech coverage tagged San Francisco. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Auto Tech research is working on

3,252 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
3,252papers
53,340worldwide comparison pool
3,252India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Breakthrough
1,031
Promising
837
Descriptive
552
Problem-identifying
542
Cautionary
126
Comparative
105
Critical
59

Contribution mix

Methods-led
1,606
Empirical
1,200
Reviews
249
Position pieces
114
Theoretical
83

Tone counts: 2,911 positive · 130 neutral · 211 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
601 papers · 18.5% of this field
  • Humanities105 papers
  • Philosophy60 papers
  • Computer security38 papers
  • Perception27 papers
  • Transport engineering21 papers
  • Human–computer interaction20 papers
  • Software deployment16 papers
  • Order16 papers

Landmark: The social dilemma of autonomous vehicles

Cautions
126 papers · 3.9% of this field
  • Transport engineering10 papers
  • Adversarial system9 papers
  • Software deployment7 papers
  • Robustness6 papers
  • Humanities6 papers
  • Human–computer interaction5 papers
  • Computer security5 papers
  • Perception5 papers

Landmark: DeepRoad: GAN-based metamorphic testing and input validation framework for autonomous driving systems

Opportunities
1,868 papers · 57.4% of this field
  • Trajectory132 papers
  • Reinforcement learning130 papers
  • Human–computer interaction109 papers
  • Perception90 papers
  • Control theory89 papers
  • Robustness86 papers
  • Transport engineering83 papers
  • Object detection78 papers

Landmark: Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite

Leading institutions

Toyota Motor Corporation
14,198
University of California, Berkeley
7,007
Carnegie Mellon University
6,817
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
5,929
Stanford University
5,820
Google
5,218

Leading researchers

Andreas Geiger
14,099
P Lenz
14,099
R. Urtasun
14,099
Haibo He
4,310
Yang Bai
4,310
Edwardo A. Garcia
4,310
Shutao Li
4,310
Pei Sun
2,975

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Are we ready for autonomous driving? The KITTI vision benchmark suite14,099 citations
  • ADASYN: Adaptive synthetic sampling approach for imbalanced learning4,310 citations
  • Scalability in Perception for Autonomous Driving: Waymo Open Dataset2,877 citations
  • DeepDriving: Learning Affordance for Direct Perception in Autonomous Driving1,741 citations
  • Towards fully autonomous driving: Systems and algorithms1,325 citations

Common problems researchers identify

556 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Social Inequities and Health AccessCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Social Inequities and Health Access

120 papers

21.6% of this theme group

Researchers highlight disparities in health outcomes for marginalized and incarcerated populations.

Humanities (67) · Philosophy (36) · Population (12) · Latin Americans (6)

Desigualdades sociales en salud en poblaciones inmigradas en España: revisión de la literatura

Desafios de saúde de pessoas privadas de liberdade no Brasil – revisão sistemática

Deployment and Engineering BarriersCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Deployment and Engineering Barriers

103 papers

18.5% of this theme group

Papers discuss technical and policy obstacles to scaling autonomous vehicle systems.

Software deployment (11) · Aeronautics (12) · Systems engineering (10) · Transport engineering (13)

Autonomous Vehicle Safety: An Interdisciplinary Challenge

Preparing a Nation for Autonomous Vehicles: Opportunities, Barriers and Policy Recommendations

Human Interaction and Perception IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Human Interaction and Perception Issues

97 papers

17.4% of this theme group

Studies examine driver‑vehicle interaction, perception challenges, and intersection safety.

Human–computer interaction (19) · Perception (17) · Transport engineering (16) · Intersection (5)

Planning and Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles

Autonomous vehicles: challenges, opportunities, and future implications for transportation policies

Data Quality and Measurement GapsCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Data Quality and Measurement Gaps

89 papers

16.0% of this theme group

Works point to shortcomings in data collection, cadastral mapping, and automated measurement accuracy.

Cadastre (4) · Disease (3) · Data collection (3) · Qualitative research (3)

A Progressive Review: Emerging Technologies for ADAS Driven Solutions

EFICIÊNCIA NOS PROCESSOS DIMENSIONAIS: APRIMORAMENTO DE MEDIÇÕES AUTOMÁTICAS EM MÁQUINAS DE MEDIR POR COORDENADAS

Security and Privacy VulnerabilitiesCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Security and Privacy Vulnerabilities

73 papers

13.1% of this theme group

Research flags threats to autonomous driving systems from cyber attacks and data leakage.

Computer security (34) · Internet privacy (8) · Lidar (6) · Adversarial system (5)

Autonomous Driving Security: State of the Art and Challenges

Security and Privacy Issues in Autonomous Vehicles: A Layer-Based Survey

Educational and Philosophical ConcernsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Educational and Philosophical Concerns

57 papers

10.3% of this theme group

Authors raise questions about curriculum design and cultural relevance in technology education.

Humanities (33) · Philosophy (25) · Order (4) · Reading (2)

Toward <scp><i>pedagogías entrenzadas</i></scp>: Braiding critical and asset‐based pedagogies of sciences, languages, and cultural responsiv

(Re)pensar a formação de leitores jovens: suportes, convergências e transposições associadas à literatura

Metadata and Institutional MetricsCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Metadata and Institutional Metrics

17 papers

3.1% of this theme group

Analyses critique the volatility and reliability of scholarly metadata for knowledge management.

Metadata (6) · Volatility (5) · Descriptive statistics (5) · Institutionalisation (4)

Análisis bibliométrico de Publicaciones Académicas Indexadas en Crossref.org para Gestión del Conocimiento. Informe 18-CR (64/138)

Cautions

122 papers · 4 recurring themes
4 cards

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Traffic Flow and Urban ImpactCautions · 01

Traffic Flow and Urban Impact

59 papers

48.4% of this theme group

Studies caution about autonomous vehicles’ effects on congestion and city planning.

Transport engineering (10) · Software deployment (6) · Traffic flow (4) · TRIPS architecture (3)

Autonomous Vehicle’s Impact on Traffic: Empirical Evidence From Waymo Open Dataset and Implications From Modelling

THE FUTURE OF AUTONOMOUS VEHICLES IN THE U.S. URBAN LANDSCAPE: A REVIEW: ANALYZING IMPLICATIONS FOR TRAFFIC, URBAN PLANNING, AND THE ENVIRON

Adversarial Perception RisksCautions · 02

Adversarial Perception Risks

27 papers

22.1% of this theme group

Papers warn of adversarial attacks compromising object detection and trajectory prediction.

Adversarial system (9) · Object (5) · Object detection (3) · Perception (4)

An Analysis of Adversarial Attacks and Defenses on Autonomous Driving Models

On Adversarial Robustness of Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehicles

Clinical Measurement LimitationsCautions · 03

Clinical Measurement Limitations

22 papers

18.0% of this theme group

Research notes variability and validity concerns in cognitive assessment tools.

Gynecology (3) · Clinical trial (3) · Leukoencephalopathy (2) · Internal medicine (2)

The ADAS-cog in Alzheimer's disease clinical trials: psychometric evaluation of the sum and its parts

Administration and Scoring Variance on the ADAS-Cog

Design and Environmental Data IssuesCautions · 04

Design and Environmental Data Issues

14 papers

11.5% of this theme group

Works highlight uncertainties in emission credit designs and remote sensing data processing.

Humanities (4) · Capital (2)

Efectos de elementos de diseño del Programa Nacional de Cupos Transables de Emisión (PNCTE) sobre los precios de los cupos y las emisiones a

Assessment of MERIS reflectance data as processed with SeaDAS over the European seas

Opportunities

1,788 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Robust Anomaly Detection and Edge AIOpportunities · 01

Robust Anomaly Detection and Edge AI

471 papers

26.3% of this theme group

Efforts focus on resilient perception and low‑latency processing for autonomous driving.

Anomaly detection (23) · Robustness (43) · Edge computing (13) · Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (21)

SteeringNET - A Deep-Learning based Obstacle Avoidance Approach for Autonomous Driving

System-Level Safety Monitoring and Recovery for Perception Failures in Autonomous Vehicles

Collision Avoidance and Eco‑DrivingOpportunities · 02

Collision Avoidance and Eco‑Driving

352 papers

19.7% of this theme group

Research advances control strategies for safety and energy‑efficient autonomous travel.

Transport engineering (72) · Automotive engineering (45) · Intersection (33) · Control engineering (24)

Collision Avoidance and Stabilization for Autonomous Vehicles in Emergency Scenarios

Eco-Approach With Traffic Prediction and Experimental Validation for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles

Predictive Motion Planning TechniquesOpportunities · 03

Predictive Motion Planning Techniques

240 papers

13.4% of this theme group

Studies develop model‑predictive and real‑time trajectory planning for dynamic road environments.

Trajectory (104) · Control theory (77) · Motion planning (62) · Model predictive control (40)

Design, Analysis, and Experiments of Preview Path Tracking Control for Autonomous Vehicles

From the Racetrack to the Road: Real-Time Trajectory Replanning for Autonomous Driving

Cross‑Domain Biomedical and Philosophical InsightsOpportunities · 04

Cross‑Domain Biomedical and Philosophical Insights

225 papers

12.6% of this theme group

Papers explore novel assessment scales and biological discoveries relevant to health and cognition.

Humanities (32) · Philosophy (21) · Coccidioides (15) · CADASIL (15)

The ADAS‐Cog revisited: Novel composite scales based on ADAS‐Cog to improve efficiency in MCI and early AD trials

A Novel <i>Sarocladium spinificis</i> Strain Suppresses <i>Coccidioides posadasii</i> Growth: Morphological and Genetic Perspectives

Sensor Fusion for Object DetectionOpportunities · 05

Sensor Fusion for Object Detection

216 papers

12.1% of this theme group

Works improve 3‑D perception by combining lidar, camera, and deep‑learning methods.

Object detection (81) · Lidar (74) · Object (45) · Sensor fusion (33)

Fusion of 3D LIDAR and Camera Data for Object Detection in Autonomous Vehicle Applications

Multi-Object Detection and Tracking, Based on DNN, for Autonomous Vehicles: A Review

Human‑Centric Interaction and Decision MakingOpportunities · 06

Human‑Centric Interaction and Decision Making

168 papers

9.4% of this theme group

Research integrates natural language interfaces and behavior‑aware planning into vehicle control.

Human–computer interaction (110) · Perception (30) · Robot (9) · Systems engineering (9)

Drive as You Speak: Enabling Human-Like Interaction with Large Language Models in Autonomous Vehicles

Decision-Making for Autonomous Vehicles With Interaction-Aware Behavioral Prediction and Social-Attention Neural Network

Reinforcement Learning for Driving PoliciesOpportunities · 07

Reinforcement Learning for Driving Policies

116 papers

6.5% of this theme group

Studies apply hierarchical and multi‑agent reinforcement learning to lane changes and cooperative behavior.

Reinforcement learning (109) · Reinforcement (12) · Markov decision process (7) · Action (6)

Attention-Based Hierarchical Deep Reinforcement Learning for Lane Change Behaviors in Autonomous Driving

A Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning Approach for Safe and Efficient Behavior Planning of Connected Autonomous Vehicles

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Breakthrough31.7%26.3%
Promising25.7%37.2%
Descriptive17.0%17.6%
Problem-identifying16.7%9.6%
Cautionary3.9%4.6%
Comparative3.2%3.8%
Critical1.8%1.0%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceExploring the Needs, Preferences, and Concerns of Persons with Visual Impairments Regarding Autonomous Vehicles210.69%7 (33.3%)0.2%
Safety & misuseOn Adversarial Robustness of Trajectory Prediction for Autonomous Vehicles210.69%3 (14.3%)0.24%
Energy & datacenter footprintLoPECS: A Low-Power Edge Computing System for Real-Time Autonomous Driving Services30.1%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Bias & fairnessBeyond Overall Accuracy: Pose- and Occlusion-Driven Fairness Analysis in Pedestrian Detection for Autonomous Driving10.03%0 (0.0%)0.02%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chain00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Concentration of compute power00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Auto Tech in San Francisco: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 3 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

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