Radar Landscapes Blockchain Technology Landscape of the United Kingdom
Blockchain Technology industry in the United Kingdom — illustrated cover for the Blockchain Technology Landscape of the United Kingdom
Radar · Industry landscape · the United Kingdom

Blockchain Technology Landscape of the United Kingdom

2,502 Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom, in one picture: who is hiring, who is raising money, who founded them, where they are based, what the news is about, which skills employers want and where the research is going. Updated August 2026.

2,502companies tracked
$7.4Bdisclosed funding
37hiring right now
292events · 24 months
79,988news articles · 12 months

Who leads Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom

Shows the 2,502 UK blockchain firms and highlights the top hiring, best‑funded and most‑covered companies, noting 37 are hiring now and 436 have disclosed a funding round.

open roles
Hiring now
ranked by live open roles
  1. 01Elliptic7last posted Jul 2026
  2. 02Phi Labs4last posted Dec 2025
  3. 03Re7 Capital4last posted Jan 2026
  4. 04Arubaito3last posted Mar 2026
  5. 05Cryptio3last posted Feb 2026
  6. 06BP PRIME3last posted Jul 2026
  7. 07BVNK3last posted Nov 2025
  8. 08Mercuryo3last posted Jun 2026
37 companies hiring · 5 posted in the last 30 days
disclosed funding
Most funded
disclosed totals, all rounds
  1. 01Blockchain$700MSeries E · Nov 2023
  2. 02Dragon$320MICO · Mar 2018
  3. 03Nebeus$273.4MConventional Debt · Jan 2024
  4. 04Argo Blockchain$242.7MPost IPO · Mar 2025
  5. 05Elliptic$224.3MSeries D · May 2026
  6. 06Lukka$212.8MSeries E · Aug 2024
  7. 071inch$192.8MSeries B · Dec 2021
  8. 08Quantopay$164.8MSeries D · Nov 2023
436 companies with disclosed rounds · $7.4B total
revenue
Revenue leaders
official filings first, else latest snapshot
  1. 01Transak$322.6MFY2024 filing
  2. 02Wirex$247.9Msnapshot Jun 2019
  3. 03Elliptic$28.2Msnapshot Mar 2025
  4. 04CEX.IO$13.4MFY2023 filing
  5. 05Aave$4Msnapshot Dec 2024
  6. 06Mercuryo$1.7MFY2023 filing
  7. 07Mode$1.3MFY2022 filing
  8. 08Panther$194ksnapshot Apr 2022
10 companies with a revenue figure
headcount
Largest teams
ranked by tracked headcount
  1. 01Nexo497tracked employees
  2. 02BTSE258tracked employees
  3. 03Wirex223tracked employees
  4. 04AZA Finance222tracked employees
  5. 05Nethermind210tracked employees
  6. 06Elwood165tracked employees
  7. 07OpenPayd89tracked employees
  8. 08Etrading Software86tracked employees
51 companies with headcount data
share of events
Share of voice
share of all tracked sector news events, 24 months
  1. 01Tempus10.9%40 tracked events
  2. 02Aave9.2%34 tracked events
  3. 03Argo Blockchain8.4%31 tracked events
  4. 04wamo5.4%20 tracked events
  5. 05Valereum Plc5.2%19 tracked events
  6. 06Zeal3.8%14 tracked events
  7. 07Transak3.5%13 tracked events
  8. 08Orbital3.0%11 tracked events
368 tracked events across 65 companies
articles
In the news
Prism news coverage, last 12 months
  1. 01Blockchain5,818articles in the window
  2. 02BTP485articles in the window
  3. 03Skrill304articles in the window
  4. 04B2C2283articles in the window
  5. 05BVNK171articles in the window
  6. 06Elwood139articles in the window
  7. 07Archax128articles in the window
  8. 08Krystal104articles in the window
90 of these companies drew sector coverage in the window
Radar

See all 2,502 Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom

Filter by funding, headcount, hiring and location, and export the list.

How the Blockchain Technology ecosystem in the United Kingdom grew, 2016–2025

Displays the number of blockchain firms founded each year, with a peak of 431 new companies in 2021 and 60 in 2025.

Companies founded / year
new Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom
2016: 972017: 2212018: 2632019: 1382020: 1832021: 4312022: 3562023: 2202024: 1752025: 60
20162025
peak 431 in 2021
Companies raising / year
with a disclosed round that year
20162025
peak 130 in 2021
Disclosed funding / year
sum of disclosed rounds (USD)
2016: 12,463,2402017: 324,654,1982018: 566,065,2822019: 127,601,9402020: 272,034,6172021: 1,738,678,4892022: 1,360,732,6212023: 879,917,0472024: 1,018,007,7332025: 707,506,165
20162025
peak $1.7B in 2021

Where Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom are based

Lists the cities where UK blockchain firms are located, led by London with 1,505 companies, followed by Tortola (140) and others.

London skyline — Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 01
London
1,505 Blockchain Technology companies
85% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
1,505companies
$5.3Bdisclosed funding
30hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · London · CC BY-SA 4.0
Tortola skyline — Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 02
Tortola
140 Blockchain Technology companies
8% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
140companies
$908.2Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Tortola · CC BY-SA 4.0
British Virgin Islands, a Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 03
British Virgin Islands
34 Blockchain Technology companies
2% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
34companies
$198.4Mdisclosed funding
1hiring now
generated artwork
Manchester skyline — Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 04
Manchester
24 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
24companies
$47.2Mdisclosed funding
Photo Wikipedia · Manchester · CC BY-SA 4.0
Edinburgh skyline — Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 05
Edinburgh
24 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
24companies
$3.6Mdisclosed funding
Photo Wikipedia · Edinburgh · CC BY-SA 4.0
Douglas, a Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 06
Douglas
14 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
14companies
$221kdisclosed funding
generated artwork
Gibraltar, a Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 07
Gibraltar
13 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
13companies
$3.6Mdisclosed funding
generated artwork
Cambridge skyline — Blockchain Technology hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 08
Cambridge
9 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
9companies
Photo Wikipedia · Cambridge · CC BY-SA 4.0

The Blockchain Technology market map of the United Kingdom: what these companies actually do

Breaks down the main product categories and revenue models of UK blockchain firms, showing fintech (1,814) and subscription models (1,755) as the largest groups.

  • Fintech1,814 companies · $6.4B raised · 27 hiring
  • Blockchain in Financial Services1,610 companies · $5.5B raised · 24 hiring
  • Consumer Digital1,561 companies · $4B raised · 20 hiring
  • Web 3.01,202 companies · $4.6B raised · 14 hiring
  • Enterprise Tech766 companies · $4.1B raised · 17 hiring
  • Decentralized Finance678 companies · $2.2B raised · 4 hiring
  • Deep Tech520 companies · $2.6B raised · 9 hiring
  • Crypto Trading Platforms401 companies · $530.2M raised · 6 hiring
  • Enterprise Software214 companies · $2B raised · 9 hiring
  • Marketplaces200 companies · $385.8M raised · 3 hiring
  • Blockchain Protocols165 companies · $795.2M raised · 3 hiring
  • Crypto Mining160 companies · $556.8M raised · 1 hiring

Monetization

How Blockchain Technology companies make money

How many companies earn revenue each way. Plenty use more than one model, so the counts add up to more than the sector.

Subscription1,755
Commission on Transaction1,514
E-Commerce - Service682
Fee-For-Service487
Advertising324
E-Commerce - Product193
Freemium117
Lending109

Funding, M&A and the deals moving Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom

Counts 292 corporate events over the past two years, including 59 key‑people moves, 53 funding rounds, 50 M&A deals and 40 earnings releases.

Leadership 59Funding 53M&A 50Earnings 40Announcement 27Contracts 20Regulatory 11Product 11Assets 8Capital 6
  • FundingWamo, a London, UK- and Helsinki, Finland-based fintech company providing a SME financial operating platform, raised €10M in Series A funding. The round was led by 3TS Capital Partners with participation from Oleka.2026-04-14
  • M&AStandard Chartered PLC is reportedly seeking to fully acquire Zodia Custody Ltd.2026-04-08
  • FundingMalaysia-based Gobi Partners has announced a strategic investment in Transak, a pioneering payments infrastructure firm specializing in digital assets.2026-04-08
  • M&AEarlier this month, it agreed to buy stablecoin infrastructure group BVNK in a deal valued at up to $1.8bn.2026-03-27
  • FundingNvidia has previously invested approximately $800 million in Reflection, valuing the company at around $8 billion.2026-03-26
  • M&AATC Music Group acquired the remaining majority stake in Cirkay to strengthen its digital fan engagement and music marketing capabilities.2026-03-18
  • FundingCryptio lands $45m round2026-03-13
  • M&AManchester-based brand activation agency ZEAL has acquired a 51% stake in Tommy, the social-first creative studio behind standout work for Amazon, TikTok, Netflix, Mastercard and Google.2026-02-04
  • FundingOrbital announced its $60m yesterday, there’s another noteworthy one tomorrow, and today two more.2026-01-27
  • M&AAs per the deal announced earlier, the acquirer group has entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire 50.8 percent (1.63 crore shares) of Indo Borax & Chemicals from the existing promoter group at Rs 256.30 per share.2025-12-16

Mergers and acquisitions

Deals from the last 24 months where a Blockchain Technology company in the United Kingdom was the buyer or the one bought, newest first. “Undisclosed” means the price was never published — not that the deal was worth nothing.

AcquirerTargetDeal valueStatusDate
TNAfoodesignundisclosedCompleted2026-05-01
jezby venturesBladeundisclosedAnnounced2026-04-30
rippleHidden Road$1.2BCompleted2026-04-10
standard charteredZodia CustodyundisclosedRumored2026-04-09
mastercardBVNK$1.8BAnnounced2026-03-27
ATC Music GroupCIRKAYundisclosedAnnounced2026-03-18

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Provides details on notable events such as IPO filings, leadership changes, product launches and contract wins within the sector.

IPO pipeline
4 companies listed or filing · last 24 months
Leadership moves
18 tracked people moves · last 12 months
  • R3Na · Appointment → presidentMay 2026
  • ClearTokenChris Smith · Appointment → Chief Operating OfficerApr 2026
  • ClearTokenFernando Cerezetti · Appointment → Chief Risk OfficerApr 2026
  • ClearTokenMark Williamson · Appointment → Chief Commercial OfficerApr 2026
  • ElwoodMichael Abib · Promotion → Chief Executive OfficerApr 2026
  • ElwoodChris Lawn · Departure — was Chief Executive OfficerApr 2026
  • OpenPaydBarry O’Sullivan · Appointment → Chief Banking OfficerMar 2026
  • KrystalAmanda Hyde · Promotion → Chief Operating OfficerMar 2026
Product launches
tracked launches · last 12 months
  • AaveAave V4Apr 2026
  • ClearTokenClearToken (Clearing and settlement infrastructure provider for digital assets)Nov 2025
  • IoTeXReal-World AI Foundry (Open Ecosystem for Real-World AI)Sep 2025
  • R3R3 Labs (Platform)Sep 2025
Contract wins
11 customer wins · last 24 months
  • Nettlewon Allianz TurkiyeApr 2026
  • Nettlewon allianz türkiyeApr 2026
  • R3won major French retailerSep 2025
  • Tempuswon renalytixSep 2025
  • Hexenswon Shiba Inu developersSep 2025
  • Etrading Softwarewon UK Financial Conduct AuthoritySep 2025
Regulatory & litigation
11 regulatory events · 1 tracked suits · 24 months
  • TransakapprovedApr 2026
  • Nexodiscontinued product for US investors — SECFeb 2026
  • Nexofined for settlement with SEC — SECFeb 2026
  • BVNKgranted direct access to SEPA payments scheme — European UnionJan 2026
  • exodus v web3 consulting, Garth HowatMerger enforcement / acquisition dispute · FiledApr 2026
Earnings pulse
companies reporting results · last 24 months
10 companies reporting36 company-quarters trackedbeat 4miss 1in line 1

Half of these companies grew revenue faster than +32.5%, half slower.

Who is building Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom

Profiles 1,278 founders and CEOs across 861 firms, noting common alma maters like Oxford (31) and prior employers such as Goldman Sachs (7).

Founders and chief executives12 of 1,278, from the best-funded companies on this page
Nicolas Cary
Co-Founder & President
Nicolas Cary
repeat founder

Co-Founder SKY's The Limit, ex-Pipeline. University of Puget Sound 2007

Chakrit Ahmad
Founder & Ceo
Chakrit Ahmad

Expay, ex-Crk, ex-Red Box Recorders, Assumption University, 2000

Konstantin Zaripov
Co-Founder & Managing Director
Konstantin Zaripov

Ex-Co-Founder DMC Travel Boutique, MultiPass, Net Element. Ural State Technical University BA 2000, Lancaster University 2002

Thomas Chippas
CEO and Director
Thomas Chippas

Argo Blockchain, ex-Cboe Digital, ex-Citi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993

Simone Maini
CEO
Simone Maini

Elliptic, ex-Kroll, ex-Deutsche Bank, University of Cambridge, 2004

Kiet Tran
CEO
Kiet Tran

Ex-IHS Markit, BlackRock, New York Life Insurance · Binghamton University 2000

Anton Bukov
Co-Founder
Anton Bukov

Ex-NEAR Protocol, MultiToken, BitClave

Alexander Brexendorff
Co-Founder
Alexander Brexendorff

Brexendorff & Associates, ex-Shearman & Sterling. The Julius Maximilians University of Wurzburg PhD 2004

Rhomaios Ram
Founder
Rhomaios Ram

Ex-Peracles, Clearmatics, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Bank Trust, Najarian Associates. Imperial College London BSc 1986, Drexel University MS 1988…

David Rutter
Co-Founder & CEO
David Rutter

Ex-Founder LiquidityEdge, CEO ICAPICAP, Chicago Board Brokerage, Prebon Yamane. Villanova University BS 1984

Zac Williamson
Co-Founder & CEO
Zac Williamson

Ex-Carallon. University of Southampton MS 2010, University of Oxford PhD 2015

Vinay Gupta
Co-Founder & CEO
Vinay Gupta

Founder Hexayurt Capital, Hexayurt Shelter System, ex - Akvo.

Where the founders studied
alma mater on record for 181 of 1,278 founders
University of Oxford31
Imperial College London23
University of Cambridge19
University College London18
London School of Economics and Political Science11
University of Warwick10
Harvard University8
University of Manchester7
Where they worked before
a previous employer on record for 32 of 1,278 founders
Goldman Sachs7
Google6
Facebook4
Microsoft3
Cisco2
Morgan Stanley2
McKinsey2
Amazon2
Founders flagged as repeat founders
of 1,073 founders with a profile on this page
9
carry a repeat-founder flag
  • flagged as repeat founders9
  • no repeat-founder flag1,064
Radar

Look up the people behind Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom

Search founders, executives and operators by company, role and location.

Who funds Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom

Summarizes 822 funding rounds since 2016 from 1,269 investors, with an average round size of $2.7 million.

Investor · most active investors since 2016RoundsLedLatest
Coinbase162Aug 2025
Animoca Brands154Aug 2025
Digital Currency Group14Aug 2023
Big Brain Holdings125Dec 2025
LD Capital116Jun 2024
AU21 Capital107Nov 2021
Pantera Capital105Mar 2025
DRAGONFLY104Jun 2024
Morningstar Ventures103Apr 2024
Fabric Ventures97Dec 2024
Stage mix · rounds since 2016
Seed & Angel417
Series A–B193
Series C+ / PE24
Grants, debt & other188

The typical round is $2.7M — half were bigger, half smaller.

The biggest Blockchain Technology funding rounds in the United Kingdom

Highlights the largest disclosed round—a $300 million Series C for Blockchain—and lists ten other large recent rounds.

CompanyRoundSizeWhenBackers
BlockchainSeries Cmega-round$300MMar 2021DST Global, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Vy Capital
1inchSeries B$175MDec 2021Amber Group, Jane Street, VanEck +6 more
QuantopaySeries D$164.8MNov 2023
ZenMEVSeries D$140MMar 2025Vcventurex
FnalitySeries C$136MSep 2025WisdomTree, Bank of America, Citi +13 more
EllipticSeries D$120MMay 2026One Peak, Nasdaq, Deutsche Bank +2 more
BlockchainSeries C$120MFeb 2021Louis Bacon, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Google Ventures +4 more
MattereumSeries D$111MJun 2023
EndlessSeries A$110MMar 2025Foresight Ventures
LukkaSeries E$110MJan 2022Marshall Wace, MIAX Options, Summer Capital +4 more
Venture round sizes · 2023–2025
<$1M42
$1–10M100
$10–50M39
$50–250M10
>$250M0

191 venture rounds with a disclosed amount in the window.

Fresh cheques · last 6 months

What the news says about Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom

Counts 79,988 news articles in the last year, with frequent coverage of cryptocurrency effects on forex markets and related regulatory topics.

News volume
Blockchain Technology coverage across United Kingdom · articles per quarter
2021Q2: 12,7972021Q3: 14,4432021Q4: 12,9712022Q1: 16,1272022Q2: 15,8852022Q3: 15,4982022Q4: 16,6042023Q1: 18,6352023Q2: 21,1142023Q3: 17,3832023Q4: 18,2832024Q1: 18,2152024Q2: 16,3952024Q3: 22,3862024Q4: 20,8962025Q1: 26,3662025Q2: 21,2942025Q3: 20,5002025Q4: 17,5642026Q1: 19,723
2021Q22026Q1
peak 26,366 in 2025Q1 · 79,988 articles in the last 12 tracked months
Tone of coverage
share of articles by dominant sentiment (positive / neutral / negative)
202120232025
Positive-tone share moved 72% → 70%, negative 27% → 28% across 2021–2025.

What the coverage is about

The subjects that dominate Blockchain Technology news in United Kingdom. The arrow shows whether each one is being written about more or less than a year ago.

  • Cryptocurrency impact on forex markets35,705▲+42%
  • Macroeconomic indicators in forex analysis10,635▼-26%
  • Regulatory compliance in foreign exchange trading10,154▲+114%
  • Central bank monetary policies impacting forex9,560▼-27%
  • Major currency pair trading (e.g., eur/usd, usd/jpy)9,367▲+19%
  • Geopolitical events and forex fluctuations8,754▼-31%
  • Impact of trade balances on exchange rates8,342▼-24%
  • Fundamental analysis of currency valuations8,319▼-20%
  • Artificial intelligence advancements6,292▲+32%
  • Interest rate decisions and impacts6,128▲+57%
Most-covered companies · last 12 months

90 Blockchain Technology companies here were named in the news over this period.

Prism

Watch Blockchain Technology coverage in United Kingdom as it happens

Prism follows these subjects story by story — which companies are named, what is said about them and how the tone moves.

Momentum

The words getting louder — and quieter

Which terms are showing up in more stories than a year ago, and which are fading. The percentage is the change in how many articles mention them.

stablecoin fx impact+109%exchange rates+70%forex liquidity+229%decentralized forex+85%usd/cad+43%cash market forex+126%gold spot price+973%vix currency index+139%historical volatility forex+1666%forex chart patterns+4315%
inflation reports fx-44%currency intervention policies-35%sanctions currency effects-46%trade deficits fx-34%cpi forex-48%

The pressures the press keeps returning to

Three recurring angles in United Kingdom Blockchain Technology coverage, and whether each is getting more attention year on year (through 2025).

Regulatory Risk ▲ rising
181,318 articles touch this dimension · 55.5% critical tone
20212025
signals: currency intervention policies, inflation reports fx, quantitative easing forex
Funding Momentum ▲ rising
32,019 articles touch this dimension · 45.9% critical tone
20212025
signals: inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies, eur/usd
Growth ▲ rising
40,211 articles touch this dimension · 49.9% critical tone
20212025
signals: gdp growth forex, inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies

Blockchain Technology jobs in the United Kingdom: who is hiring and what they ask for

Shows 125 job postings from 15 firms in the past year, emphasizing demand for skills like Rust, AWS, TypeScript, Kubernetes and Docker.

125postings · last 12 months
239postings tracked overall
15employers advertising

Demand

The Skills Employers Ask For

What Blockchain Technology employers in the United Kingdom put in their job ads. The bar is how many postings ask for it; the arrow shows whether demand grew or shrank against the year before.

  • rust26
  • aws21
  • typescript20
  • kubernetes20
  • docker13
  • solana13
  • apis12
  • terraform11
  • react11
  • hubspot11
Most advertised titles
  • Financial Accountant2
  • Customer Experience Host1
  • Derivatives Trader1
  • Technical Web3 Product Manager1

What Blockchain Technology research is working on

Reports 52,518 academic papers on blockchain, of which 8,338 identify common problems, 2,046 issue cautions, and 35,660 discuss opportunities.

How this field talks about itself
Blockchain Technology papers (gold) against all published research (grey)
Breakthrough34.4% · 26.3%1.3×
Promising33.5% · 37.4%≈ par
Problem-identifying15.1% · 9.7%1.6×
Descriptive9.7% · 17.5%0.6×
Cautionary3.9% · 4.4%≈ par
Comparative2.6% · 3.7%0.7×

Blockchain Technology literature runs 1.3× more “breakthrough” than science at large (34.4% vs 26.3% baseline).

How the work is done
Methods-led57.7%
Empirical17.4%
Reviews15.7%
Position pieces7.5%
Theoretical1.7%
How the research reads

95% positive · 2% neutral · 3% negative, across 52,518 papers.

The institutions behind the field
  • Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications17k
  • University of Electronic Science and Technology of China14k
  • Sun Yat-sen University13k
  • Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation13k
  • Nanyang Technological University12k
  • UNSW Sydney12k

ranked by how often their work is cited

Researchers who shaped it

Zibin Zheng · Dusit Niyato · Khaled Salah · Joseph Sarkis · Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo · Hong‐Ning Dai · Mahtab Kouhizadeh · Gavin Wood

The most-cited breakthroughs
  • Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger · 5k cites
  • Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data · 2k cites
  • MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management · 2k cites
  • Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts · 2k cites
  • Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World · 2k cites
Common problems researchers identify7,570 papers · 7 recurring themes
Governance and Transparency Issues — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 01
Governance and Transparency Issues
2,099 papers · 35.0% of this block
2022: 166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 135 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 226 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 135 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 226 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +37% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers highlight challenges in using blockchain for corporate governance, financial transparency, and sustainable development.
Blockchain · Corporate governance · Cryptocurrency · Transparency
“Blockchain - A Financial Technology for Future Sustainable Development”
2099 of these papers raise it as a problem
Security and Privacy Threats — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 02
Security and Privacy Threats
1,621 papers · 27.0% of this block
2022: 634 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 632 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 551 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 634 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 632 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 551 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -24% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers discuss cryptographic weaknesses, privacy risks, and broader security concerns inherent to blockchain systems.
Computer security · Blockchain · Internet privacy · Cryptography
“A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges”
1621 of these papers raise it as a problem
Supply Chain Traceability Gaps — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 03
Supply Chain Traceability Gaps
669 papers · 11.2% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies examine difficulties integrating blockchain for reliable tracking and management across complex supply networks.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Blockchain · Traceability
“A Framework for Exploring Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management”
669 of these papers raise it as a problem
Healthcare Data Protection — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 04
Healthcare Data Protection
444 papers · 7.4% of this block
2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research points to obstacles in securing patient records and ensuring privacy when applying blockchain in health contexts.
Health care · Blockchain · Computer security · Health records
“Privacy and Security of Blockchain in Healthcare: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives”
444 of these papers raise it as a problem
IoT Security Integration — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 05
IoT Security Integration
397 papers · 6.6% of this block
2022: 1,166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,238 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 996 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,238 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 996 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -15% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works identify problems linking blockchain with IoT devices, focusing on privacy and attack surface expansion.
Internet of Things · Blockchain · Computer security · Internet privacy
“Addressing Security and Privacy Issues of IoT Using Blockchain Technology”
397 of these papers raise it as a problem
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 06
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
389 papers · 6.5% of this block
2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -36% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Analyses reveal flaws and attack vectors within smart contracts that compromise blockchain reliability.
Smart contract · Computer security · Blockchain · Vulnerability
“An Overview of Smart Contract and Use Cases in Blockchain Technology”
389 of these papers raise it as a problem
Distributed Ledger Standardization — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 07
Distributed Ledger Standardization
381 papers · 6.3% of this block
2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -14% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Authors note the lack of common standards and interoperability challenges across diverse ledger implementations.
Distributed ledger · Ledger · Cryptocurrency · Blockchain
“Understanding the landscape of Distributed Ledger Technologies/Blockchain: Challenges, opportunities, and the prospects for standards”
381 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions1,815 papers · 7 recurring themes
Financial Auditing Limits — Cautions
Cautions · theme 01
Financial Auditing Limits
495 papers · 27.3% of this block
2022: 156 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 161 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 122 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 156 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 161 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 122 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +13% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Cautionary studies warn about overestimating blockchain's impact on audit processes and accounting transparency.
Blockchain · Transparency · Corporate governance · Accounting
“Impact of Blockchain Technology in Auditing and Financial Transparency”
495 of these papers raise it as a problem
Beyond Crypto Security Claims — Cautions
Cautions · theme 02
Beyond Crypto Security Claims
386 papers · 21.3% of this block
2022: 364 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 358 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 322 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 158 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 364 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 358 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 322 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 158 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -57% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers advise careful evaluation of blockchain's purported benefits for broader cybersecurity and cloud data protection.
Computer security · Blockchain · Internet privacy · Voting
“Blockchain Technology in Cybersecurity: Uses Beyond Cryptocurrencies”
386 of these papers raise it as a problem
Scalability and Energy Concerns — Cautions
Cautions · theme 03
Scalability and Energy Concerns
364 papers · 20.1% of this block
2022: 232 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 236 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 178 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 378 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 232 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 236 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 178 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 378 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +63% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers caution that current consensus mechanisms may hinder performance and increase resource consumption.
Blockchain · Cryptocurrency · Scalability · Proof-of-work system
“On Availability for Blockchain-Based Systems”
364 of these papers raise it as a problem
Supply Chain Adoption Risks — Cautions
Cautions · theme 04
Supply Chain Adoption Risks
253 papers · 13.9% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Analyses highlight practical obstacles and unintended consequences when deploying blockchain for supply chain transparency.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Traceability · Blockchain
“Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Prospects and Challenges”
253 of these papers raise it as a problem
Healthcare Interoperability Hurdles — Cautions
Cautions · theme 05
Healthcare Interoperability Hurdles
119 papers · 6.6% of this block
2022: 3,418 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,442 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,079 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,291 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 3,418 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,442 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,079 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,291 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works stress difficulties achieving seamless data exchange and security across medical systems using blockchain.
Health care · Blockchain · Interoperability · Computer security
“Blockchain for Securing AI-Driven Healthcare Systems: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives”
119 of these papers raise it as a problem
Banking Ledger Integration Issues — Cautions
Cautions · theme 06
Banking Ledger Integration Issues
109 papers · 6.0% of this block
2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -14% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies point to regulatory and technical challenges in applying distributed ledgers to traditional banking operations.
Distributed ledger · Ledger · Blockchain · Cryptocurrency
“Review on Blockchain Technology”
109 of these papers raise it as a problem
Smart Contract Performance Limits — Cautions
Cautions · theme 07
Smart Contract Performance Limits
89 papers · 4.9% of this block
2022: 138 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 130 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 75 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 123 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 138 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 130 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 75 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 123 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -11% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research warns of efficiency and reliability problems when smart contracts handle complex database transactions.
Smart contract · Computer security · Vulnerability · Database transaction
“On Smart Contracts and Organisational Performance: A Review of Smart Contracts through the Blockchain Technology”
89 of these papers raise it as a problem
Opportunities32,781 papers · 7 recurring themes
Scalable Sharding Techniques — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 01
Scalable Sharding Techniques
1,471 papers · 24.5% of this block
2022: 604 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 578 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 369 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 604 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 578 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 369 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -21% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Innovations propose sharding and hybrid consensus to improve blockchain throughput and transaction handling.
Blockchain · Distributed computing · Scalability · Database transaction
“A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Sharding Scheme via Hybrid Consensus and Dynamic Management”
Secure Data Sharing Frameworks — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 02
Secure Data Sharing Frameworks
1,420 papers · 23.7% of this block
2022: 715 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 451 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 205 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 715 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 451 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 205 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -71% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Proposals focus on leveraging blockchain for trusted threat intelligence exchange and protected network communications.
Computer security · Blockchain · Authentication · Computer network
“A Trusted, Verifiable and Differential Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Framework using Blockchain”
Governance‑Driven Information Security — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 03
Governance‑Driven Information Security
1,034 papers · 17.2% of this block
2022: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 77 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 67 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 148 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 77 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 67 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 148 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +106% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Opportunities explore blockchain's role in strengthening corporate governance and safeguarding management information systems.
Blockchain · Transparency · Computer security · Corporate governance
“Enhancing Security and Reliability of Information Systems through Blockchain Technology: A Case Study on Impacts and Potential”
Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 04
Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions
596 papers · 9.9% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research highlights blockchain applications that enable greener manufacturing practices and enhanced traceability.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Traceability · Blockchain
“Applications of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review”
IoT Privacy and Authentication — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 05
IoT Privacy and Authentication
518 papers · 8.6% of this block
2022: 1,397 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,379 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,304 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,397 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,379 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,304 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -27% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies present blockchain‑based methods to protect IoT networks, improve authentication, and reduce data leakage.
Internet of Things · Blockchain · Computer security · Computer network
“Resolving Security Issues in the IoT Using Blockchain”
Patient‑Centric Health Records — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 06
Patient‑Centric Health Records
501 papers · 8.3% of this block
2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works propose blockchain platforms for secure, private, and interoperable electronic medical record sharing.
Health care · Blockchain · Computer security · Health records
“Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain.”
Smart Contract Construction Tools — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 07
Smart Contract Construction Tools
460 papers · 7.7% of this block
2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -36% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Developments aim to enhance contract security and integrate building information modeling with blockchain.
Smart contract · Vulnerability · Computer security · Blockchain
“Blockchain contract: Securing a blockchain applied to smart contracts”

Which of these themes are growing fastest

Tracks how the share of different research themes has changed globally between 2022 and 2025.

Problems
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Governance and Transparency Issues▲+37%
Supply Chain Traceability Gaps▲+8%
Healthcare Data Protection▼-4%
Distributed Ledger Standardization▼-14%
IoT Security Integration▼-15%
Security and Privacy Threats▼-24%
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities▼-36%
Cautions
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Scalability and Energy Concerns▲+63%
Financial Auditing Limits▲+13%
Supply Chain Adoption Risks▲+8%
Healthcare Interoperability Hurdles▼-4%
Smart Contract Performance Limits▼-11%
Banking Ledger Integration Issues▼-14%
Beyond Crypto Security Claims▼-57%
Opportunities
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Governance‑Driven Information Security▲+106%
Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions▲+8%
Patient‑Centric Health Records▼-4%
Scalable Sharding Techniques▼-21%
IoT Privacy and Authentication▼-27%
Smart Contract Construction Tools▼-36%
Secure Data Sharing Frameworks▼-71%
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About this data: built from Fliar's company, founder, funding, hiring, jobs, news and research trackers, covering the United Kingdom. Counts are of companies we track, not of every company that exists. Updated August 2026.
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