Radar · Industry landscape · the United Kingdom
Blockchain Technology Landscape of the United Kingdom 2,502 Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom, in one picture: who is hiring, who is raising money, who founded them, where they are based, what the news is about, which skills employers want and where the research is going. Updated August 2026.
2,502 companies tracked
$7.4B disclosed funding
37 hiring right now
292 events · 24 months
79,988 news articles · 12 months
Who leads Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom Shows the 2,502 UK blockchain firms and highlights the top hiring, best‑funded and most‑covered companies, noting 37 are hiring now and 436 have disclosed a funding round.
Radar
See all 2,502 Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom
Filter by funding, headcount, hiring and location, and export the list.
How the Blockchain Technology ecosystem in the United Kingdom grew, 2016–2025 Displays the number of blockchain firms founded each year, with a peak of 431 new companies in 2021 and 60 in 2025.
Companies founded / year
new Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom
2016: 97 2017: 221 2018: 263 2019: 138 2020: 183 2021: 431 2022: 356 2023: 220 2024: 175 2025: 60 2016 2025
peak 431 in 2021
Companies raising / year
with a disclosed round that year
2016 2025
peak 130 in 2021
Disclosed funding / year
sum of disclosed rounds (USD)
2016: 12,463,240 2017: 324,654,198 2018: 566,065,282 2019: 127,601,940 2020: 272,034,617 2021: 1,738,678,489 2022: 1,360,732,621 2023: 879,917,047 2024: 1,018,007,733 2025: 707,506,165 2016 2025
peak $1.7B in 2021
Where Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom are based Lists the cities where UK blockchain firms are located, led by London with 1,505 companies, followed by Tortola (140) and others.
→ Hub 01
London
1,505 Blockchain Technology companies
85% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
1,505 companies
$5.3B disclosed funding
30 hiring now
Hub 02
Tortola
140 Blockchain Technology companies
8% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
140 companies
$908.2M disclosed funding
2 hiring now
Hub 03
British Virgin Islands
34 Blockchain Technology companies
2% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
34 companies
$198.4M disclosed funding
1 hiring now
Hub 04
Manchester
24 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
24 companies
$47.2M disclosed funding
Hub 05
Edinburgh
24 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
24 companies
$3.6M disclosed funding
Hub 06
Douglas
14 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
14 companies
$221k disclosed funding
Hub 07
Gibraltar
13 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
13 companies
$3.6M disclosed funding
Hub 08
Cambridge
9 Blockchain Technology companies
1% of the Blockchain Technology companies across these hubs
The Blockchain Technology market map of the United Kingdom: what these companies actually do Breaks down the main product categories and revenue models of UK blockchain firms, showing fintech (1,814) and subscription models (1,755) as the largest groups.
Fintech 1,814 companies · $6.4B raised · 27 hiring Blockchain in Financial Services 1,610 companies · $5.5B raised · 24 hiring Consumer Digital 1,561 companies · $4B raised · 20 hiring Web 3.0 1,202 companies · $4.6B raised · 14 hiring Enterprise Tech 766 companies · $4.1B raised · 17 hiring Decentralized Finance 678 companies · $2.2B raised · 4 hiring Deep Tech 520 companies · $2.6B raised · 9 hiring Crypto Trading Platforms 401 companies · $530.2M raised · 6 hiring Enterprise Software 214 companies · $2B raised · 9 hiring Marketplaces 200 companies · $385.8M raised · 3 hiring Blockchain Protocols 165 companies · $795.2M raised · 3 hiring Crypto Mining 160 companies · $556.8M raised · 1 hiring Monetization
How Blockchain Technology companies make money How many companies earn revenue each way. Plenty use more than one model, so the counts add up to more than the sector.
Subscription 1,755
Commission on Transaction 1,514
E-Commerce - Service 682
Fee-For-Service 487
Advertising 324
E-Commerce - Product 193
Freemium 117
Lending 109
Funding, M&A and the deals moving Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom Counts 292 corporate events over the past two years, including 59 key‑people moves, 53 funding rounds, 50 M&A deals and 40 earnings releases.
Leadership 59 Funding 53 M&A 50 Earnings 40 Announcement 27 Contracts 20 Regulatory 11 Product 11 Assets 8 Capital 6
Funding Wamo, a London, UK- and Helsinki, Finland-based fintech company providing a SME financial operating platform, raised €10M in Series A funding. The round was led by 3TS Capital Partners with participation from Oleka. 2026-04-14 M&A Standard Chartered PLC is reportedly seeking to fully acquire Zodia Custody Ltd. 2026-04-08 Funding Malaysia-based Gobi Partners has announced a strategic investment in Transak, a pioneering payments infrastructure firm specializing in digital assets. 2026-04-08 M&A Earlier this month, it agreed to buy stablecoin infrastructure group BVNK in a deal valued at up to $1.8bn. 2026-03-27 Funding Nvidia has previously invested approximately $800 million in Reflection, valuing the company at around $8 billion. 2026-03-26 M&A ATC Music Group acquired the remaining majority stake in Cirkay to strengthen its digital fan engagement and music marketing capabilities. 2026-03-18 Funding Cryptio lands $45m round 2026-03-13 M&A Manchester-based brand activation agency ZEAL has acquired a 51% stake in Tommy, the social-first creative studio behind standout work for Amazon, TikTok, Netflix, Mastercard and Google. 2026-02-04 Funding Orbital announced its $60m yesterday, there’s another noteworthy one tomorrow, and today two more. 2026-01-27 M&A As per the deal announced earlier, the acquirer group has entered into a share purchase agreement to acquire 50.8 percent (1.63 crore shares) of Indo Borax & Chemicals from the existing promoter group at Rs 256.30 per share. 2025-12-16 Mergers and acquisitions Deals from the last 24 months where a Blockchain Technology company in the United Kingdom was the buyer or the one bought, newest first. “Undisclosed” means the price was never published — not that the deal was worth nothing.
Acquirer Target Deal value Status Date TNA foodesignundisclosed Completed 2026-05-01 jezby venturesBlade undisclosed Announced 2026-04-30 rippleHidden Road $1.2B Completed 2026-04-10 standard charteredZodia Custody undisclosed Rumored 2026-04-09 mastercardBVNK $1.8B Announced 2026-03-27 ATC Music Group CIRKAY undisclosed Announced 2026-03-18
Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work Provides details on notable events such as IPO filings, leadership changes, product launches and contract wins within the sector.
IPO pipeline
4 companies listed or filing · last 24 months
Earnings pulse
companies reporting results · last 24 months
10 companies reporting36 company-quarters trackedbeat 4 miss 1 in line 1
Half of these companies grew revenue faster than +32.5% , half slower.
Who is building Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom Profiles 1,278 founders and CEOs across 861 firms, noting common alma maters like Oxford (31) and prior employers such as Goldman Sachs (7).
Founders and chief executives 12 of 1,278, from the best-funded companies on this page
→ Co-Founder & President
Nicolas Cary
repeat founder Co-Founder SKY's The Limit, ex-Pipeline. University of Puget Sound 2007
Founder & Ceo
Chakrit Ahmad
Expay, ex-Crk, ex-Red Box Recorders, Assumption University, 2000
Co-Founder & Managing Director
Konstantin Zaripov
Ex-Co-Founder DMC Travel Boutique, MultiPass, Net Element. Ural State Technical University BA 2000, Lancaster University 2002
CEO and Director
Thomas Chippas
Argo Blockchain, ex-Cboe Digital, ex-Citi, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1993
Elliptic, ex-Kroll, ex-Deutsche Bank, University of Cambridge, 2004
Ex-IHS Markit, BlackRock, New York Life Insurance · Binghamton University 2000
Ex-NEAR Protocol, MultiToken, BitClave
Co-Founder
Alexander Brexendorff
Brexendorff & Associates, ex-Shearman & Sterling. The Julius Maximilians University of Wurzburg PhD 2004
Ex-Peracles, Clearmatics, Deutsche Bank, Deutsche Bank Trust, Najarian Associates. Imperial College London BSc 1986, Drexel University MS 1988…
Co-Founder & CEO
David Rutter
Ex-Founder LiquidityEdge, CEO ICAPICAP, Chicago Board Brokerage, Prebon Yamane. Villanova University BS 1984
Co-Founder & CEO
Zac Williamson
Ex-Carallon. University of Southampton MS 2010, University of Oxford PhD 2015
Co-Founder & CEO
Vinay Gupta
Founder Hexayurt Capital, Hexayurt Shelter System, ex - Akvo.
Where the founders studied
alma mater on record for 181 of 1,278 founders
University of Oxford 31
Imperial College London 23
University of Cambridge 19
University College London 18
London School of Economics and Political Science 11
University of Warwick 10
Harvard University 8
University of Manchester 7
Where they worked before
a previous employer on record for 32 of 1,278 founders
Goldman Sachs 7
Google 6
Facebook 4
Microsoft 3
Cisco 2
Morgan Stanley 2
McKinsey 2
Amazon 2
Founders flagged as repeat founders
of 1,073 founders with a profile on this page
9
carry a repeat-founder flag
flagged as repeat founders 9 no repeat-founder flag 1,064 Radar
Look up the people behind Blockchain Technology companies in the United Kingdom
Search founders, executives and operators by company, role and location.
Who funds Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom Summarizes 822 funding rounds since 2016 from 1,269 investors, with an average round size of $2.7 million.
Stage mix · rounds since 2016
Seed & Angel 417
Series A–B 193
Series C+ / PE 24
Grants, debt & other 188
The typical round is $2.7M — half were bigger, half smaller.
The biggest Blockchain Technology funding rounds in the United Kingdom Highlights the largest disclosed round—a $300 million Series C for Blockchain—and lists ten other large recent rounds.
Company Round Size When Backers Blockchain Series Cmega-round $300M Mar 2021 DST Global , Lightspeed Venture Partners , Vy Capital 1inch Series B $175M Dec 2021 Amber Group , Jane Street , VanEck +6 more Quantopay Series D $164.8M Nov 2023 — ZenMEV Series D $140M Mar 2025 Vcventurex Fnality Series C $136M Sep 2025 WisdomTree , Bank of America , Citi +13 more Elliptic Series D $120M May 2026 One Peak , Nasdaq , Deutsche Bank +2 more Blockchain Series C $120M Feb 2021 Louis Bacon , Lightspeed Venture Partners , Google Ventures +4 more Mattereum Series D $111M Jun 2023 — Endless Series A $110M Mar 2025 Foresight Ventures Lukka Series E $110M Jan 2022 Marshall Wace , MIAX Options , Summer Capital +4 more
Venture round sizes · 2023–2025
<$1M 42
$1–10M 100
$10–50M 39
$50–250M 10
>$250M 0
191 venture rounds with a disclosed amount in the window.
Fresh cheques · last 6 months
What the news says about Blockchain Technology in the United Kingdom Counts 79,988 news articles in the last year, with frequent coverage of cryptocurrency effects on forex markets and related regulatory topics.
News volume
Blockchain Technology coverage across United Kingdom · articles per quarter
2021Q2: 12,797 2021Q3: 14,443 2021Q4: 12,971 2022Q1: 16,127 2022Q2: 15,885 2022Q3: 15,498 2022Q4: 16,604 2023Q1: 18,635 2023Q2: 21,114 2023Q3: 17,383 2023Q4: 18,283 2024Q1: 18,215 2024Q2: 16,395 2024Q3: 22,386 2024Q4: 20,896 2025Q1: 26,366 2025Q2: 21,294 2025Q3: 20,500 2025Q4: 17,564 2026Q1: 19,723 2021Q2 2026Q1
peak 26,366 in 2025Q1 · 79,988 articles in the last 12 tracked months
Tone of coverage
share of articles by dominant sentiment (positive / neutral / negative )
2021 2023 2025
Positive-tone share moved 72% → 70%, negative 27% → 28% across 2021–2025.
What the coverage is about The subjects that dominate Blockchain Technology news in United Kingdom. The arrow shows whether each one is being written about more or less than a year ago.
Cryptocurrency impact on forex markets 35,705 ▲+42% Macroeconomic indicators in forex analysis 10,635 ▼-26% Regulatory compliance in foreign exchange trading 10,154 ▲+114% Central bank monetary policies impacting forex 9,560 ▼-27% Major currency pair trading (e.g., eur/usd, usd/jpy) 9,367 ▲+19% Geopolitical events and forex fluctuations 8,754 ▼-31% Impact of trade balances on exchange rates 8,342 ▼-24% Fundamental analysis of currency valuations 8,319 ▼-20% Artificial intelligence advancements 6,292 ▲+32% Interest rate decisions and impacts 6,128 ▲+57% Most-covered companies · last 12 months
90 Blockchain Technology companies here were named in the news over this period.
Prism
Watch Blockchain Technology coverage in United Kingdom as it happens
Prism follows these subjects story by story — which companies are named, what is said about them and how the tone moves.
Momentum
The words getting louder — and quieter Which terms are showing up in more stories than a year ago, and which are fading. The percentage is the change in how many articles mention them.
stablecoin fx impact+109% exchange rates+70% forex liquidity+229% decentralized forex+85% usd/cad+43% cash market forex+126% gold spot price+973% vix currency index+139% historical volatility forex+1666% forex chart patterns+4315%
inflation reports fx-44% currency intervention policies-35% sanctions currency effects-46% trade deficits fx-34% cpi forex-48%
The pressures the press keeps returning to Three recurring angles in United Kingdom Blockchain Technology coverage, and whether each is getting more attention year on year (through 2025).
Regulatory Risk ▲ rising
181,318 articles touch this dimension · 55.5% critical tone
2021 2025
signals: currency intervention policies, inflation reports fx, quantitative easing forex
Funding Momentum ▲ rising
32,019 articles touch this dimension · 45.9% critical tone
2021 2025
signals: inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies, eur/usd
Growth ▲ rising
40,211 articles touch this dimension · 49.9% critical tone
2021 2025
signals: gdp growth forex, inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies
Blockchain Technology jobs in the United Kingdom: who is hiring and what they ask for Shows 125 job postings from 15 firms in the past year, emphasizing demand for skills like Rust, AWS, TypeScript, Kubernetes and Docker.
125 postings · last 12 months
239 postings tracked overall
15 employers advertising
Demand
The Skills Employers Ask For What Blockchain Technology employers in the United Kingdom put in their job ads. The bar is how many postings ask for it; the arrow shows whether demand grew or shrank against the year before.
rust 26 ▲ aws 21 ▲ typescript 20 ▲ kubernetes 20 ▲ docker 13 ▲ solana 13 ▼ apis 12 ▲ terraform 11 ▲ react 11 ▲ hubspot 11 ▲ Most advertised titles
Financial Accountant 2 Customer Experience Host 1 Derivatives Trader 1 Technical Web3 Product Manager 1 What Blockchain Technology research is working on Reports 52,518 academic papers on blockchain, of which 8,338 identify common problems, 2,046 issue cautions, and 35,660 discuss opportunities.
How this field talks about itself
Blockchain Technology papers (gold) against all published research (grey)
Breakthrough 34.4% · 26.3% 1.3×
Promising 33.5% · 37.4% ≈ par
Problem-identifying 15.1% · 9.7% 1.6×
Descriptive 9.7% · 17.5% 0.6×
Cautionary 3.9% · 4.4% ≈ par
Comparative 2.6% · 3.7% 0.7×
Blockchain Technology literature runs 1.3× more “breakthrough” than science at large (34.4% vs 26.3% baseline).
How the work is done
Methods-led 57.7%
Empirical 17.4%
Reviews 15.7%
Position pieces 7.5%
Theoretical 1.7%
How the research reads
95% positive · 2% neutral · 3% negative , across 52,518 papers.
The institutions behind the field
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications 17k University of Electronic Science and Technology of China 14k Sun Yat-sen University 13k Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation 13k Nanyang Technological University 12k UNSW Sydney 12k ranked by how often their work is cited
Researchers who shaped it
Zibin Zheng · Dusit Niyato · Khaled Salah · Joseph Sarkis · Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo · Hong‐Ning Dai · Mahtab Kouhizadeh · Gavin Wood
The most-cited breakthroughs
Ethereum: A Secure Decentralised Generalised Transaction Ledger · 5k cites Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data · 2k cites MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management · 2k cites Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts · 2k cites Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World · 2k cites Common problems researchers identify 7,570 papers · 7 recurring themes
→ Problems · theme 01
Governance and Transparency Issues
2,099 papers · 35.0% of this block
2022: 166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 135 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 226 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 135 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 226 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +37% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Researchers highlight challenges in using blockchain for corporate governance, financial transparency, and sustainable development.
Blockchain · Corporate governance · Cryptocurrency · Transparency
“Blockchain - A Financial Technology for Future Sustainable Development”
Problems · theme 02
Security and Privacy Threats
1,621 papers · 27.0% of this block
2022: 634 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 632 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 551 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 634 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 632 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 551 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -24% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Papers discuss cryptographic weaknesses, privacy risks, and broader security concerns inherent to blockchain systems.
Computer security · Blockchain · Internet privacy · Cryptography
“A Survey of Blockchain Security Issues and Challenges”
Problems · theme 03
Supply Chain Traceability Gaps
669 papers · 11.2% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +8% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Studies examine difficulties integrating blockchain for reliable tracking and management across complex supply networks.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Blockchain · Traceability
“A Framework for Exploring Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management”
Problems · theme 04
Healthcare Data Protection
444 papers · 7.4% of this block
2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -4% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Research points to obstacles in securing patient records and ensuring privacy when applying blockchain in health contexts.
Health care · Blockchain · Computer security · Health records
“Privacy and Security of Blockchain in Healthcare: Applications, Challenges, and Future Perspectives”
Problems · theme 05
IoT Security Integration
397 papers · 6.6% of this block
2022: 1,166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 1,176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 1,238 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 996 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 1,166 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 1,176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 1,238 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 996 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -15% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Works identify problems linking blockchain with IoT devices, focusing on privacy and attack surface expansion.
Internet of Things · Blockchain · Computer security · Internet privacy
“Addressing Security and Privacy Issues of IoT Using Blockchain Technology”
Problems · theme 06
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities
389 papers · 6.5% of this block
2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -36% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Analyses reveal flaws and attack vectors within smart contracts that compromise blockchain reliability.
Smart contract · Computer security · Blockchain · Vulnerability
“An Overview of Smart Contract and Use Cases in Blockchain Technology”
Problems · theme 07
Distributed Ledger Standardization
381 papers · 6.3% of this block
2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -14% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Authors note the lack of common standards and interoperability challenges across diverse ledger implementations.
Distributed ledger · Ledger · Cryptocurrency · Blockchain
“Understanding the landscape of Distributed Ledger Technologies/Blockchain: Challenges, opportunities, and the prospects for standards”
Cautions 1,815 papers · 7 recurring themes
→ Cautions · theme 01
Financial Auditing Limits
495 papers · 27.3% of this block
2022: 156 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 161 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 122 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 156 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 161 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 122 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 176 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +13% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Cautionary studies warn about overestimating blockchain's impact on audit processes and accounting transparency.
Blockchain · Transparency · Corporate governance · Accounting
“Impact of Blockchain Technology in Auditing and Financial Transparency”
Cautions · theme 02
Beyond Crypto Security Claims
386 papers · 21.3% of this block
2022: 364 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 358 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 322 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 158 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 364 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 358 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 322 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 158 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -57% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Researchers advise careful evaluation of blockchain's purported benefits for broader cybersecurity and cloud data protection.
Computer security · Blockchain · Internet privacy · Voting
“Blockchain Technology in Cybersecurity: Uses Beyond Cryptocurrencies”
Cautions · theme 03
Scalability and Energy Concerns
364 papers · 20.1% of this block
2022: 232 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 236 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 178 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 378 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 232 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 236 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 178 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 378 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +63% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Papers caution that current consensus mechanisms may hinder performance and increase resource consumption.
Blockchain · Cryptocurrency · Scalability · Proof-of-work system
“On Availability for Blockchain-Based Systems”
Cautions · theme 04
Supply Chain Adoption Risks
253 papers · 13.9% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +8% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Analyses highlight practical obstacles and unintended consequences when deploying blockchain for supply chain transparency.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Traceability · Blockchain
“Blockchain Technology in Supply Chain Management: Prospects and Challenges”
Cautions · theme 05
Healthcare Interoperability Hurdles
119 papers · 6.6% of this block
2022: 3,418 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,442 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,079 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,291 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 3,418 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,442 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,079 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,291 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -4% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Works stress difficulties achieving seamless data exchange and security across medical systems using blockchain.
Health care · Blockchain · Interoperability · Computer security
“Blockchain for Securing AI-Driven Healthcare Systems: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives”
Cautions · theme 06
Banking Ledger Integration Issues
109 papers · 6.0% of this block
2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 113 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 105 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 81 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 97 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -14% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Studies point to regulatory and technical challenges in applying distributed ledgers to traditional banking operations.
Distributed ledger · Ledger · Blockchain · Cryptocurrency
“Review on Blockchain Technology”
Cautions · theme 07
Smart Contract Performance Limits
89 papers · 4.9% of this block
2022: 138 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 130 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 75 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 123 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 138 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 130 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 75 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 123 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -11% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Research warns of efficiency and reliability problems when smart contracts handle complex database transactions.
Smart contract · Computer security · Vulnerability · Database transaction
“On Smart Contracts and Organisational Performance: A Review of Smart Contracts through the Blockchain Technology”
Opportunities 32,781 papers · 7 recurring themes
→ Opportunities · theme 01
Scalable Sharding Techniques
1,471 papers · 24.5% of this block
2022: 604 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 578 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 369 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 604 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 578 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 369 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 479 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -21% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Innovations propose sharding and hybrid consensus to improve blockchain throughput and transaction handling.
Blockchain · Distributed computing · Scalability · Database transaction
“A Secure and Efficient Blockchain Sharding Scheme via Hybrid Consensus and Dynamic Management”
Opportunities · theme 02
Secure Data Sharing Frameworks
1,420 papers · 23.7% of this block
2022: 715 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 451 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 205 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 715 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 451 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 205 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -71% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Proposals focus on leveraging blockchain for trusted threat intelligence exchange and protected network communications.
Computer security · Blockchain · Authentication · Computer network
“A Trusted, Verifiable and Differential Cyber Threat Intelligence Sharing Framework using Blockchain”
Opportunities · theme 03
Governance‑Driven Information Security
1,034 papers · 17.2% of this block
2022: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 77 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 67 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 148 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 77 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 67 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 148 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +106% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Opportunities explore blockchain's role in strengthening corporate governance and safeguarding management information systems.
Blockchain · Transparency · Computer security · Corporate governance
“Enhancing Security and Reliability of Information Systems through Blockchain Technology: A Case Study on Impacts and Potential”
Opportunities · theme 04
Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions
596 papers · 9.9% of this block
2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 885 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 928 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 893 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 953 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▲ +8% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Research highlights blockchain applications that enable greener manufacturing practices and enhanced traceability.
Supply chain · Supply chain management · Traceability · Blockchain
“Applications of Blockchain Technology in Sustainable Manufacturing and Supply Chain Management: A Systematic Review”
Opportunities · theme 05
IoT Privacy and Authentication
518 papers · 8.6% of this block
2022: 1,397 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 1,379 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 1,304 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 1,397 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 1,379 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 1,304 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -27% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Studies present blockchain‑based methods to protect IoT networks, improve authentication, and reduce data leakage.
Internet of Things · Blockchain · Computer security · Computer network
“Resolving Security Issues in the IoT Using Blockchain”
Opportunities · theme 06
Patient‑Centric Health Records
501 papers · 8.3% of this block
2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 3,376 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 3,401 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 3,051 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 3,225 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -4% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Works propose blockchain platforms for secure, private, and interoperable electronic medical record sharing.
Health care · Blockchain · Computer security · Health records
“Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain.”
Opportunities · theme 07
Smart Contract Construction Tools
460 papers · 7.7% of this block
2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2022: 55 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2023: 54 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2024: 33 of every 10,000 papers on this subject 2025: 35 of every 10,000 papers on this subject ▼ -36% share 2022→2025 share of research on this subject Developments aim to enhance contract security and integrate building information modeling with blockchain.
Smart contract · Vulnerability · Computer security · Blockchain
“Blockchain contract: Securing a blockchain applied to smart contracts”
Which of these themes are growing fastest Tracks how the share of different research themes has changed globally between 2022 and 2025.
Problems
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining share losing share
Governance and Transparency Issues ▲+37%
Supply Chain Traceability Gaps ▲+8%
Healthcare Data Protection ▼-4%
Distributed Ledger Standardization ▼-14%
IoT Security Integration ▼-15%
Security and Privacy Threats ▼-24%
Smart Contract Vulnerabilities ▼-36%
Cautions
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining share losing share
Scalability and Energy Concerns ▲+63%
Financial Auditing Limits ▲+13%
Supply Chain Adoption Risks ▲+8%
Healthcare Interoperability Hurdles ▼-4%
Smart Contract Performance Limits ▼-11%
Banking Ledger Integration Issues ▼-14%
Beyond Crypto Security Claims ▼-57%
Opportunities
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining share losing share
Governance‑Driven Information Security ▲+106%
Sustainable Supply Chain Solutions ▲+8%
Patient‑Centric Health Records ▼-4%
Scalable Sharding Techniques ▼-21%
IoT Privacy and Authentication ▼-27%
Smart Contract Construction Tools ▼-36%
Secure Data Sharing Frameworks ▼-71%
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About this data: built from Fliar's company, founder, funding, hiring, jobs, news and research trackers, covering the United Kingdom. Counts are of companies we track, not of every company that exists. Updated August 2026.
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