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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE THE UNITED STATES EDITION 2026

the United States’s
blockchain technology industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping blockchain technology in the United States. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Blockchain Technology Industry Landscape of the United States
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Blockchain Technology illustration
Companies tracked 7,828Blockchain Technology ecosystem in the United States Disclosed funding $58.68B1,798 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 216With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 50214 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore the United States’s blockchain technology leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
Blockchain Technology company highlights in the United States, snapshot 6 August 2026
Company
Marathon Digital Holdingsmara.com$1.8B—60—
Coinbasecoinbase.com$1.8B12 roles3,416$7.18BFYFY2025 filing
Circlecircle.com$1.51B—642—
BlockFiblockfi.com$1.42B—125—
NYDIGnydig.com$1.35B—172—
Core Scientificcorescientific.com$1.14B—286$319.02MFYFY2025 filing
Ripple$1.05B———
Fireblocksfireblocks.com$1.04B8 roles600—
Airswiftairswift.io—10 roles12—
BitGobitgo.com—10 roles166—
Thresholdsthresholds.io—10 roles——
Unicityunicity.ai—9 roles——
Arena Clubarenaclub.com—8 roles15—
The Collectionthecollection.ai—8 roles——
Atmecsatmecs.com——1,000Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Bit Digitalbit-digital.com——18Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Cipher Miningciphermining.com——26$223.94MFYFY2025 filing
Consensysconsensys.io——900—
Eightco8co.holdings———$32.98MFYFY2025 filing
FDCTechfdctech.com——10$34.96MFYFY2025 filing
Jump Cryptojumpcrypto.com——995—
Krakenkraken.com——2—
Ondoondo.finance——18Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
OpenSeaopensea.io——857—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

Blockchain Technology industry KPIs in the United States

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

6 August 2026
Hiring participation2.8%

216 of 7,828 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation25.3%

1,980 of 7,828 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share8.7%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$4.3M

Midpoint of 2,857 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 8.7% of disclosed capital, while 74.7% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How the United States blockchain technology has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

the United States blockchain technology
$0$4.77B$9.53B$14.3B$19.06B2016: $311.92M20162017: $1.39B20172018: $2.91B20182019: $1.29B20192020: $1.97B20202021: $16.72B20212022: $13.93B20222023: $4.11B20232024: $5.73B20242025: $7.67B2025
View the numbers
Annual blockchain technology funding and company formation in the United States
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$311.92M23334
2017$1.39B62288
2018$2.91B706151
2019$1.29B359128
2020$1.97B532143
2021$16.72B1577425
2022$13.93B1254571
2023$4.11B668348
2024$5.73B421343
2025$7.67B155209
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Marathon Digital Holdings3.1%
  • Coinbase3.1%
  • Circle2.6%
  • Other companies91.3%

Funding by stage

3,363 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel1743 51.8%
Series A–B970 28.8%
Series C+ / PE137 4.1%
Grants, debt & other513 15.3%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
8 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Conventional Debt05/2026
Ripple $200M

Backed by Neuberger Berman Specialty Finance.

Series A05/2026
Fun $72M

Backed by Multicoin Capital and SignalFire and others.

Series B05/2026
Nof1 $15M

Backed by Karatage.

Series B05/2026
Turnkey $12.5M

Backed by Archetype and Circle and others.

Seed05/2026
AEON $8M

Backed by YZi Labs and IDG Capital and others.

Seed05/2026
Checker $8M

Backed by Galaxy and Al Mada Ventures and others.

Series A05/2026
Foundation $6.4M

Backed by Fulgur Ventures and Arche Capital.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series E12/2021
NYDIGnydig.com$1B

Backed by WestCap and Bessemer Venture Partners and others.

Series H01/2021
Robloxroblox.com$520M

Backed by Altimeter Capital and Dragoneer Investment Group and others.

Series D11/2025
Ripple$500M

Backed by Fortress and Citadel Securities and others.

Series A10/2025
Tempotempo.xyz$500M

Backed by Greenoaks and Thrive Capital and others.

Series E07/2021
Circlecircle.com$486.25M

Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · annual statements grouped by reported fiscal year; exact entity periods remain on preview rows · 13 reporting entities from 28 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts$13,345.3m

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United States market sales.

Net profit / loss$-1,886.2m

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin-14.1%

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue$33.0m

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities+15.4%

2 of 13 covered entities.

Top-five concentration+99.4%

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 13 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

13 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
THE UNITED STATES · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does blockchain technology compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the the United States companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

161 of the 7,828 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (2.1%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 72,234 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Robloxroblox.com690,576,8539715.7%
Coinbasecoinbase.com26,496,8038156.1%
Crpto Dynastytelegram.me25,218,0586787.7%
BitMartbitmart.com12,622,701482.7%
DEX Screenerdexscreener.com10,304,2075336%
OpenSeaopensea.io10,091,4675929.3%
Krakenkraken.com8,486,4867353.9%
Galxegalxe.com4,716,546404.6%
MetaMaskmetamask.io4,529,0267938.6%
MoonPaymoonpay.com3,951,7515178.4%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

365 of these companies (4.7%) publish at least one Android app — 468 apps in all, carrying 2.2B installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
RobloxRoblox1.6B4.2Adventure
Pi NetworkPi Network134.7M4.3Social
Trust: Crypto & Bitcoin WalletTrust Wallet77.4M4.5Finance
Coinbase: Buy Crypto & StocksCoinbase58.5M4.4Finance
Make Money: Play to Earn CashMode Mobile57.7M4.5Personalization
MetaMask: Trade CryptoMetaMask46.5M4.5Finance
World App - Real Human NetworkWorldcoin34.2M4.8Finance
Base: Built to Trade & EarnCoinbase20M4.1Finance
PhantomPhantom19.4M4.6Finance
Bitcoin Blast - Earn Bitcoin!Bling Financial9.6M4.4Puzzle

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2024Q1–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Non Fungible Tokens1031.8BRoblox 1.6B
Pc & Console Gaming331.7BMake Money: Play to Earn Cash 57.7M
Mobile Gaming271.6BBitcoin Blast - Earn Bitcoin! 9.6M
Metaverse71.6BUpland Real-World City-Builder 3.1M
Cryptocurrencies287484.6MPi Network 134.7M
Blockchain Infrastructure105324.7MTrust: Crypto & Bitcoin Wallet 77.4M
Investment Tech5495.4MOpenSea: Trade Crypto & NFTs 5.3M
Cybersecurity1288.8MMetaMask: Trade Crypto 46.5M

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q2: 172023Q2: 22023Q22023Q3: 152023Q3: 52023Q32023Q4: 232023Q4: 102023Q42024Q1: 172024Q1: 82024Q12024Q2: 172024Q2: 102024Q22024Q3: 222024Q3: 142024Q32024Q4: 102024Q4: 112024Q42025Q1: 112025Q1: 182025Q12025Q2: 152025Q2: 212025Q22025Q3: 172025Q3: 312025Q32025Q4: 242025Q4: 452025Q42026Q1: 192026Q1: 622026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 434 of 468 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The the United States blockchain technology market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Fintech4,738
Blockchain in financial services4,368
Web 3.04,295
Consumer digital4,253
Enterprise tech2,597
Decentralized finance2,486
Deep tech1,951
Enterprise software801
Marketplaces758
Crypto trading platforms706
Blockchain protocols652
Passion economy608

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Fintech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

4738companies
2.3%have hiring activity

108 companies hiring · $43.58B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription5,495
Commission on transaction3,971
E-commerce - service1,616
Fee-for-service1,251
Advertising994
E-commerce - product731
Lending344
Freemium287
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionsbullish.com ↗

Bullish has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Equiniti, a leading global transfer agent serving nearly 3,000 issuer clients.

Mergers & acquisitionszeko.io ↗

Romeo Bravo Software has acquired hospitality guest engagement software provider Zeko to expand its presence in the hospitality technology sector.

Mergers & acquisitionstether.to ↗

Twenty One Capital, the bitcoin-native company established by Strike CEO Jack Mallers, Tether, and SoftBank via a merger with Cantor Equity Partners, announced plans to acquire financial services company Strike and global bitcoin-mining platform Elektron.

Mergers & acquisitionsopenocean.finance ↗

The move builds on earlier acquisitions of marine weather analytics provider OpenOcean in 2022.

Mergers & acquisitionscumberland.io ↗

According to a release, the buyer is Toronto-based Apotex, billed as Canada’s largest pharmaceutical company.

Mergers & acquisitionsbitnomial.com ↗

Kraken has acquired Bitnomial, a futures and options exchange website, in a tech M&A deal valued at $550 million.

Mergers & acquisitionsgrainecosystem.com ↗

Mangrove Systems has acquired operating assets from Grain Ecosystem, a waste-to-value project operations software specialist, in a tech M&A deal.

Funding roundscorescientific.com ↗

Core Scientific is preparing a $3.3 billion debt offering as it accelerates its transition from bitcoin mining to high-performance computing infrastructure.

Funding roundshelium.com ↗

Helium Real Estate Tech Real Estate Services B2C $539K - Albinder Dhindsa (Eternal), Kunal Shah (CRED), Pankaj Chaddah (Shyft), Mohit Gupta (COYU), Akriti Chopra (Eternal), Gunjan Patidar, Nitin Gupta (Uni Cards)

Mergers & acquisitionshyperledger.org ↗

American Express ($AXP) said on April 16, 2026 it will acquire Hyper, an artificial intelligence-focused expense management startup backed by OpenAI CEO Sam Altman, as the company expands its automation capabilities for commercial clients.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 1,840 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Funding rounds
355
Earnings
317
Leadership moves
283
Mergers & acquisitions
265
Contracts
97
Lawsuit
91
Asset acquisitions
85
Company announcements
77
New products
65
Capital infusions
54
7 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Leadership moves

103 tracked people moves

Jay Patel

Appointment Global Head of Markets

Greenheart ↗
Joseph Brady

Appointment Board Member

Bastion ↗
Alicia Tutty

Appointment Media Partner

Bastion ↗
Joanna Barnes

Appointment Executive Media Director

Roblox ↗
Sunil Rao

Appointment Managing Director

Basis ↗
Christian Hendricks

Appointment President

Roblox ↗
Joost Hagesteijn

Appointment General Manager for Europe

Starr ↗
Vichai Laotrakul

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Moonbounce ↗
Playground

sandboxed environment for policy logic

Moonbounce ↗
Moonbounce

AI control engine

Astradyne ↗
Universal Cognitive Communication Matrix™ (UCCM™)

Platform

Luxor ↗
Commander

Software

Collateral Management Service

Collateral Management

Fractal ↗
LLM Studio

Enterprise AI platform

Doodles ↗
Doodles AI

AI creative tool

Fractal ↗
new intelligent agents within Flyfish.ai

Revenue acceleration platform

Contract wins

40 recorded customer wins

Grove ↗

Customer: Bizim VinçInfrastructure

Grove ↗

Customer: DS LausnirInfrastructure

centre ↗

Customer: halDefense

Customer: medirom healthcare technologiesBiometrics

Omega ↗

Customer: harrison packaging

Hopae ↗

Customer: Dataifinancial industry

Regulatory events

38 recorded events

Coinbase ↗

conditionally approved for National Trust Company CharterOffice of the Comptroller of the Currency (OCC)

Roblox ↗

investigated for CSAM reporting deficienciesSenate Judiciary Committee

Goldsky ↗

approved creation of Agnico Eagle as Control PersonTSX Venture Exchange

TeraWulf ↗

reject applicationFederal Energy Regulatory Commission

Litigation

35 tracked suits

Company
new york v uphold

CredEarn settlement disputeCivil · Settled

Company
exodus v web3 consulting, Garth Howat

Merger enforcement / acquisition disputeCivil · Filed

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

52companies
320period observations
32.0%median reported growth

Median across 195 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
Fractal→eugenie aiAnnounced2026-06-26Not stated in snapshot
Basel Medical Group Ltd→Bitcoin ↗Announced2026-05-16$1.0B
Bullish→equinitiAnnounced2026-05-05$4.2B
Bakkt→Distributed Technologies ResearchCompleted2026-05-01Not stated in snapshot
romeo bravo software→Zeko ↗Announced2026-05-01Not stated in snapshot
Tether→softbank2026-04-30Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

13,548 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 20,533-posting snapshot covers 757 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Security207
Sales Associate/Stock147
Assistant Manager/Co Manager136
Virtual Assistant (Work From Home)77
Junior Assistant Manager68
Territory Sales Manager62
6 internship postings

1,478 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

6,932 postings specify a level.

unspecified
13,601
manager
3,408
senior
2,386
lead
726
intern
210
entry
202

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 20,533 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Python
528
Blockchain
445
Typescript
443
Rust
403
Sql
350
Aws
341
React
339
Kubernetes
250
Go
235
C++
216
ADVERTISED PAY$122.5K/ year

Median across 1,298 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

Salary by seniority

manager$105.0K/ year269 postings
senior$150.0K/ year101 postings
lead$171.0K/ year47 postings

Advertised posting medians do not describe all employees or roles.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

4,071 founders and chief executives across 2,742 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

718 profiles with education records.

Stanford University
97
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
66
Columbia University
58
University of California (Berkeley)
57
Harvard University
53
Cornell University
45
University of Pennsylvania
43
Carnegie Mellon University
34

Prior employers

285 profiles with prior-work records.

Google
65
Microsoft
55
Facebook
34
Amazon
28
Goldman Sachs
27
Uber
20
Apple
18
McKinsey
17

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

388,949 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
388,949articles in the measured year
99,878articles in 2026Q1
72.4%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Blockchain Technology coverage across United States · articles per complete quarter

053,238106,477159,715212,9542021Q2: 57,3392021Q22021Q3: 64,8472021Q4: 59,7572022Q1: 82,4672022Q2: 80,1092022Q22022Q3: 76,0652022Q4: 89,7992023Q1: 86,8402023Q2: 102,4632023Q22023Q3: 88,9382023Q4: 92,3562024Q1: 98,6532024Q2: 83,8622024Q22024Q3: 94,4082024Q4: 124,9562025Q1: 185,1772025Q2: 100,9922025Q22025Q3: 94,0202025Q4: 87,5762026Q1: 99,8782026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q257,339
2021Q364,847
2021Q459,757
2022Q182,467
2022Q280,109
2022Q376,065
2022Q489,799
2023Q186,840
2023Q2102,463
2023Q388,938
2023Q492,356
2024Q198,653
2024Q283,862
2024Q394,408
2024Q4124,956
2025Q1185,177
2025Q2100,992
2025Q394,020
2025Q487,576
2026Q199,878

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
158,974 positive · 2,075 neutral · 48,206 negative
2022
227,818 positive · 3,121 neutral · 97,200 negative
2023
248,662 positive · 3,583 neutral · 118,035 negative
2024
297,193 positive · 3,721 neutral · 100,664 negative
2025
338,324 positive · 6,084 neutral · 122,998 negative

Leading coverage topics

Blockchain Technology coverage across United States · ranked by full-period article count.

Cryptocurrency Impact On Forex Markets256,315 articles in the full recorded period
75,478 recent · 53,709 prior
Patent Law & Innovation Protection116,466 articles in the full recorded period
325 recent · 29,760 prior
Regulatory Compliance In Foreign Exchange Trading50,160 articles in the full recorded period
14,413 recent · 7,771 prior
Macroeconomic Indicators In Forex Analysis33,018 articles in the full recorded period
7,732 recent · 7,665 prior
Artificial Intelligence Advancements32,181 articles in the full recorded period
11,656 recent · 8,300 prior
Central Bank Monetary Policies Impacting Forex31,100 articles in the full recorded period
7,122 recent · 6,886 prior
Geopolitical Events And Forex Fluctuations27,961 articles in the full recorded period
6,945 recent · 6,983 prior
Major Currency Pair Trading (E.G., Eur/Usd, Usd/Jpy)26,522 articles in the full recorded period
6,443 recent · 5,653 prior
Fundamental Analysis Of Currency Valuations25,952 articles in the full recorded period
5,660 recent · 5,750 prior
Impact Of Trade Balances On Exchange Rates25,815 articles in the full recorded period
6,014 recent · 6,194 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

Blockchain Technology coverage across United States

KeywordRecentPriorChange
stablecoin fx impact12,4835,599123%
decentralized forex6,5183,29098%
etf trading5,9963,06496%
etfs5,2372,69794%
sector etfs5,0042,61791%
etf structures4,6412,38595%
etf products4,5982,262103%
exchange-traded funds3,4581,697104%
forex liquidity2,7671,92644%
crypto-fiat arbitrage2,5071,68249%
patent prosecution20429,729-99%
patent claims20529,728-99%
patent examination18829,708-99%
litigation defenses14929,679-99%
interest differentials fx7591,257-40%

Event and signal lenses

Blockchain Technology coverage across United States

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

529,024 classified articles

currency intervention policies, inflation reports fx, quantitative easing forex

62.3% critical · 30.4% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

114,156 classified articles

inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies, trade deficits fx

48.6% critical · 40.5% positive
Rising

Growth

133,488 classified articles

gdp growth forex, inflation reports fx, trade deficits fx

52.9% critical · 39.9% positive

Blockchain Technology coverage across United States. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Blockchain Technology research is working on

5,117 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
5,117papers
52,518worldwide comparison pool
5,117India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Breakthrough
1,970
Promising
1,436
Problem-identifying
736
Descriptive
550
Cautionary
248
Comparative
122
Critical
55

Contribution mix

Methods-led
2,868
Reviews
904
Empirical
753
Position pieces
479
Theoretical
113

Tone counts: 4,872 positive · 65 neutral · 180 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
791 papers · 15.5% of this field
  • Blockchain642 papers
  • Computer security228 papers
  • Cryptocurrency113 papers
  • Supply chain68 papers
  • Transparency60 papers
  • Distributed ledger53 papers
  • Interoperability51 papers
  • Internet of Things43 papers

Landmark: Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management

Cautions
248 papers · 4.8% of this field
  • Blockchain197 papers
  • Computer security58 papers
  • Cryptocurrency42 papers
  • Transparency36 papers
  • Supply chain23 papers
  • Distributed ledger19 papers
  • Interoperability17 papers
  • Smart contract15 papers

Landmark: Information propagation in the Bitcoin network

Opportunities
3,406 papers · 66.6% of this field
  • Blockchain2,687 papers
  • Computer security946 papers
  • Scalability334 papers
  • Supply chain277 papers
  • Database transaction265 papers
  • Smart contract246 papers
  • Transparency230 papers
  • Cryptocurrency220 papers

Landmark: Blockchains and Smart Contracts for the Internet of Things

Leading institutions

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7,727
The University of Texas at San Antonio
7,696
Worcester Polytechnic Institute
6,415
Cornell University
6,098
Old Dominion University
4,684
North Carolina State University
4,583

Leading researchers

Joseph Sarkis
6,168
Kim‐Kwang Raymond Choo
5,612
Mahtab Kouhizadeh
5,433
Michael Devetsikiotis
4,348
Konstantinos Christidis
4,344
Sara Saberi
3,827
Lejia Shen
3,616
Dusit Niyato
3,360

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Decentralizing Privacy: Using Blockchain to Protect Personal Data2,482 citations
  • MedRec: Using Blockchain for Medical Data Access and Permission Management2,377 citations
  • Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts2,164 citations
  • OmniLedger: A Secure, Scale-Out, Decentralized Ledger via Sharding1,186 citations
  • MeDShare: Trust-Less Medical Data Sharing Among Cloud Service Providers via Blockchain1,140 citations

Common problems researchers identify

721 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Governance and Transparency GapsCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Governance and Transparency Gaps

206 papers

28.6% of this theme group

Researchers highlight weaknesses in corporate governance and transparency when using blockchain and smart contracts.

Blockchain (185) · Corporate governance (17) · Transparency (20) · Smart contract (14)

A Survey of Blockchain: Techniques, Applications, and Challenges

Exploring Blockchains Interoperability: A Systematic Survey

View research history
YearShare index
2022118.2
2023122.3
202491.3
2025171.9
Security and Privacy RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Security and Privacy Risks

192 papers

26.6% of this theme group

Papers flag vulnerabilities in blockchain systems, emphasizing threats to security and privacy.

Computer security (155) · Blockchain (176) · Cryptocurrency (37) · Internet privacy (20)

Introduction to Security and Privacy on the Blockchain

A survey on blockchain systems: Attacks, defenses, and privacy preservation

View research history
YearShare index
2022436.5
2023424.3
2024372.2
2025220.8
Supply‑Chain Traceability IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Supply‑Chain Traceability Issues

108 papers

15.0% of this theme group

Studies point out challenges in applying blockchain to traceability and management of supply chains.

Supply chain (56) · Blockchain (103) · Supply chain management (19) · Traceability (20)

Blockchain technology and its relationships to sustainable supply chain management

Blockchain Technology for Global Supply Chain Management: A Survey of Applications, Challenges, Opportunities and Implications

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YearShare index
2022882.6
2023929.1
2024895.1
2025951.9
Healthcare Interoperability BarriersCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Healthcare Interoperability Barriers

69 papers

9.6% of this theme group

Works identify obstacles to data sharing and interoperability of blockchain in health‑care settings.

Health care (39) · Blockchain (61) · Interoperability (14) · Data sharing (8)

Blockchain technology in healthcare: Challenges and opportunities

Blockchain Application in Healthcare Systems: A Review

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YearShare index
20223463.4
20233482.6
20243110.2
20253328.0
Misconceptions About Distributed LedgersCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Misconceptions About Distributed Ledgers

53 papers

7.4% of this theme group

Authors critique common misunderstandings of cryptocurrency and ledger technology.

Distributed ledger (40) · Ledger (24) · Cryptocurrency (19) · Blockchain (35)

Blockchain Technology: Transforming Libertarian Cryptocurrency Dreams to Finance and Banking Realities

Blockchain: properties and misconceptions

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YearShare index
2022113.5
2023105.9
202478.9
202596.7
Philosophical and Ethical ConcernsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Philosophical and Ethical Concerns

47 papers

6.5% of this theme group

Research explores epistemological questions and ethical implications of immutable, decentralized data.

Philosophy (6) · Epistemology (4) · Immutability (6) · Cloud computing (6)

Credible Decentralized Exchange Design via Verifiable Sequencing Rules

Rethinking data infrastructure and its ethical implications in the face of automated digital content generation

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YearShare index
2022190.5
2023182.8
2024125.2
202565.7
IoT Security Integration ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 07

IoT Security Integration Challenges

46 papers

6.4% of this theme group

Papers discuss difficulties of securing IoT devices through blockchain‑based intrusion detection.

Internet of Things (38) · Computer security (34) · Blockchain (44) · Intrusion detection system (3)

Addressing Security and Privacy Issues of IoT Using Blockchain Technology

Blockchain Technology for Applications in Internet of Things—Mapping From System Design Perspective

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YearShare index
2022912.7
2023934.2
20241039.3
2025934.6

Cautions

219 papers · 4 recurring themes
4 cards

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Smart‑Contract and Crypto CautionCautions · 01

Smart‑Contract and Crypto Caution

103 papers

47.0% of this theme group

Authors urge careful evaluation of smart‑contract designs and cryptocurrency platforms.

Blockchain (80) · Computer security (41) · Smart contract (14) · Cryptocurrency (24)

Blockchain Disruption and Smart Contracts

Platforms, blockchains and the challenges of decentralization

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YearShare index
2022135.5
2023126.2
202488.8
2025104.6
Supply‑Chain Governance RisksCautions · 02

Supply‑Chain Governance Risks

63 papers

28.8% of this theme group

Works caution about governance complexities when adopting blockchain in supply‑chain contexts.

Supply chain (19) · Blockchain (60) · Corporate governance (12) · Supply chain management (9)

An analysis of strategies for adopting blockchain technology in the fresh product supply chain

Blockchain-based governance implications for ecologically sustainable supply chain management

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YearShare index
2022918.6
2023971.7
2024931.7
20251044.9
Healthcare Security WarningsCautions · 03

Healthcare Security Warnings

36 papers

16.4% of this theme group

Studies warn of security and interoperability pitfalls for blockchain in health‑care applications.

Health care (11) · Computer security (23) · Blockchain (34) · Interoperability (8)

Blockchain in healthcare: A comprehensive review of applications and security concerns

Blockchain for Securing AI-Driven Healthcare Systems: A Systematic Review and Future Research Perspectives

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YearShare index
20223423.9
20233442.1
20243079.3
20253291.1
Ledger Settlement ConcernsCautions · 04

Ledger Settlement Concerns

17 papers

7.8% of this theme group

Research highlights regulatory and audit challenges of blockchain settlement and accounting processes.

Distributed ledger (15) · Ledger (8) · Blockchain (12) · Settlement (2)

Thinking Outside the Block: Projected Phases of Blockchain Integration in the Accounting Industry

A Primer for Information Technology General Control Considerations on a Private and Permissioned Blockchain Audit

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YearShare index
202227.3
202327.2
202416.9
202522.1

Opportunities

3,199 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Network Authentication and SecurityOpportunities · 01

Network Authentication and Security

820 papers

25.6% of this theme group

Opportunities focus on using blockchain to strengthen authentication and protect computer networks.

Computer security (543) · Blockchain (732) · Authentication (77) · Computer network (83)

Blockchain for securing electronic voting systems: a survey of architectures, trends, solutions, and challenges

Blockchain Based Multi-Layer Security Network Authentication System for Uncertain Attack in the Wireless Communication System

View research history
YearShare index
2022712.2
2023659.5
2024451.5
2025204.9
Transparency in Finance and TaxationOpportunities · 02

Transparency in Finance and Taxation

674 papers

21.1% of this theme group

Papers explore blockchain’s potential to increase transparency in financial markets and tax compliance.

Blockchain (618) · Transparency (93) · Database transaction (88) · Cryptocurrency (73)

The role of Blockchain technology in enhancing transparency and trust in green finance markets

The application of blockchain technology to improve tax compliance and ensure transparency in global transactions

View research history
YearShare index
2022175.0
2023162.3
2024115.1
2025173.5
Scalable Distributed LearningOpportunities · 03

Scalable Distributed Learning

530 papers

16.6% of this theme group

Research proposes blockchain frameworks to enable secure, scalable federated learning and reinforcement‑learning tasks.

Blockchain (347) · Distributed computing (89) · Distributed ledger (70) · Reinforcement learning (33)

Secure and Scalable Blockchain-Based Federated Learning for Cryptocurrency Fraud Detection: A Systematic Review

Blockchain-based Framework for Scalable and Incentivized Federated Learning

View research history
YearShare index
2022481.2
2023450.9
2024278.8
2025180.4
Secure Scalable IoT PlatformsOpportunities · 04

Secure Scalable IoT Platforms

310 papers

9.7% of this theme group

Works present blockchain‑based architectures for robust, scalable IoT networks.

Internet of Things (158) · Blockchain (271) · Computer security (153) · Scalability (57)

Hybrid Blockchain Framework for Secure and Scalable Internet of Things (IoT) Networks (HB-IoT): A Novel Approach

A Secure Framework for Authenticating and Controlling Access to IoT Devices Integrated with Blockchain

View research history
YearShare index
2022993.8
20231032.0
20241109.5
20251146.9
Enhanced Supply‑Chain TraceabilityOpportunities · 05

Enhanced Supply‑Chain Traceability

299 papers

9.3% of this theme group

Studies highlight blockchain solutions that improve traceability and efficiency in supply‑chain management.

Supply chain (246) · Traceability (95) · Supply chain management (52) · Blockchain (263)

Applications of Blockchain to Improve Supply Chain Traceability

Enhancing Supply Chain Efficiency Through Blockchain Integration

View research history
YearShare index
2022882.6
2023929.1
2024895.1
2025951.9
Patient‑Centric Health Data SharingOpportunities · 06

Patient‑Centric Health Data Sharing

295 papers

9.2% of this theme group

Papers describe blockchain approaches for secure, trustworthy sharing of medical records.

Health care (107) · Blockchain (270) · Computer security (140) · Data sharing (39)

Blockchain in Healthcare: A Patient-Centered Model

Secure and Trustable Electronic Medical Records Sharing using Blockchain.

View research history
YearShare index
20223424.2
20233443.4
20243084.0
20253266.4
Smart‑Contract DevelopmentOpportunities · 07

Smart‑Contract Development

271 papers

8.5% of this theme group

Research showcases advances in designing and deploying secure smart contracts for various applications.

Smart contract (191) · Blockchain (150) · Solidity (15) · Computer security (86)

Design and Implementation of Smart Contract in Supply Chain Management Using Blockchain and Internet of Things

APPLICATION OF SMART CONTRACTS IN ELECTRONIC SYSTEMS BASED ON BLOCKCHAIN TECHNOLOGIES

View research history
YearShare index
202248.3
202346.4
202425.6
202528.2

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Breakthrough38.5%26.5%
Promising28.1%36.7%
Problem-identifying14.4%9.6%
Descriptive10.7%17.8%
Cautionary4.8%4.5%
Comparative2.4%4.0%
Critical1.1%1.0%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceBlockchain: A Panacea for Healthcare Cloud-Based Data Security and Privacy?60713.0%121 (19.9%)12.38%
Safety & misuseAI Threats to Politics, Elections, and Democracy: A Blockchain-Based Deepfake Authenticity Verification Framework160.34%2 (12.5%)0.17%
Bias & fairnessArchitectural Design of a Blockchain-Enabled, Federated Learning Platform for Algorithmic Fairness in Predictive Health 80.17%0 (0.0%)0.13%
Concentration of compute powerThe (Limited) Power of Blockchain Networks for Information Provision60.13%2 (33.3%)0.07%
Energy & datacenter footprintUAV-Assisted Computation Offloading Toward Energy-Efficient Blockchain Operations in Internet of Things30.06%0 (0.0%)0.07%
Carbon & emissions of computeLattice-Like Blockchain System for Maintaining the Data Privacy in the Distributed Computation of Carbon Emission30.06%0 (0.0%)0.02%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainVerifiable ethics: Integrating Blockchain traceability with environmental and social life cycle assessment for conflict-10.02%0 (0.0%)0.09%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.04%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINT

Where companies are based

Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

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UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Blockchain Technology in the United States: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

KEEP EXPLORING

Put the United States in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 6 August 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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