Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE THE UNITED KINGDOM EDITION 2026

the United Kingdom’s
climate and carbon accounting industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping climate and carbon accounting in the United Kingdom. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Climate and Carbon Accounting Industry Landscape of the United Kingdom
GB
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Climate and Carbon Accounting illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore the United Kingdom’s climate and carbon accounting leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Climate and Carbon Accounting company highlights in the United Kingdom, snapshot 4 September 2026
Company
Carbon Cleancarbonclean.com$243.66M—27Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
BeZero Carbonbezerocarbon.com$109.21M—90$6.38MFYFY2025 filing
Storegga Geotechnologiesstoregga.earth$70.82M—83Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
4401 Earth4401.earth$63.91M—50—
OXCCUoxccu.com$59.74M—3—
Datamarandatamaran.com$53.63M2 roles23—
Econic Technologieseconic-technologies.com$49.76M—31—
Rivanrivan.com$47.54M———
Aqtionaqtion-platform.com—1 roles9—
Asphalt-IQasphalt-iq.com—1 roles——
ESG Bookesgbook.com—1 roles8—
Seaboundseabound.co—1 roles8—
Space Solarspacesolar.co.uk—1 roles——
Susneosusneo.com—1 roles——
ZERO13zero13.net—1 roles——
Abundanceabundanceinvestment.com——17—
Climate Impact Partnersclimateimpact.com——17—
Diginexdiginex.com——100—
Insginsg.ai——119—
Isometricisometric.com——41—
Lindelinde.com——72,327Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Lowercarbonlowercarbon.com——1—
UNDOun-do.com——80Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Zeverozevero.earth——8—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

Climate and Carbon Accounting industry KPIs in the United Kingdom

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

4 September 2026
Hiring participation5.3%

16 of 302 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation39.7%

120 of 302 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share28.4%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$1.3M

Midpoint of 255 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 28.4% of disclosed capital, while 60.3% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How the United Kingdom climate and carbon accounting has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

the United Kingdom climate and carbon accounting
$0$157.47M$314.93M$472.4M$629.87M2016: $16.22M20162017: $1.58M20172018: $28.09M20182019: $8.76M20192020: $69.83M20202021: $110.64M20212022: $552.52M20222023: $211.55M20232024: $241.76M20242025: $160.56M2025
View the numbers
Annual climate and carbon accounting funding and company formation in the United Kingdom
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$16.22M64
2017$1.58M114
2018$28.09M912
2019$8.76M3712
2020$69.83M5422
2021$110.64M5133
2022$552.52M3347
2023$211.55M2632
2024$241.76M927
2025$160.56M114
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Carbon Clean16.4%
  • BeZero Carbon7.3%
  • Storegga Geotechnologies4.8%
  • Other companies71.6%

Funding by stage

307 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel170 55.4%
Series A–B69 22.5%
Series C+ / PE8 2.6%
Grants, debt & other60 19.5%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
5 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Seed05/2026
Greenpixie $6.26M

Backed by Verbundx and Octopus Ventures and others.

Series A04/2026
Rivan $34M

Backed by IQ Capital and Plural and others.

Series A03/2026
CocoonCarbon $15M

Backed by 2150.VC and Brick & Mortar Ventures and others.

Seed03/2026
Zevero $7M

Backed by Spiral Capital and Gazelle and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
GBP · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 1 reporting entities from 139 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United Kingdom market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 1 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 1 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

1 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
THE UNITED KINGDOM · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does climate and carbon accounting compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the the United Kingdom companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Most-installed apps

15 of these companies (5%) publish at least one Android app — 30 apps in all, carrying 100.5K installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Carbon Neutral & CO2 MeterCO2 Offset Club75.1K3.4Lifestyle
Linde Deliver AppsLinde5.4K—Business
My Linde+Linde4.3K—Productivity
ClimategamesClimategames3.9K—Health & Fitness
Friends On RoadLinde2.1K—Social
GreenrGreenr1.9K—Lifestyle
Kora SustainabilityKORA1.3K—Lifestyle
LiMA NGLinde1.2K—Business
Carbon Cutting EssexGreenredeem906—Lifestyle
diginexAPPRISEDiginex878—Tools

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q2–2026Q1).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Air Pollution Management Tech2899.6KCarbon Neutral & CO2 Meter 75.1K
Energy Storage Tech513.8KLinde Deliver Apps 5.4K
Grc Software3989diginexAPPRISE 878
Data As A Service2916Harbor Community App 38
Construction Tech8828TfWM-IQ 762
Artificial Intelligence264Dashe 26

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q2: 12023Q2: 02023Q22023Q3: 12023Q3: 02023Q32023Q4: 12023Q4: 02023Q42024Q3: 22024Q3: 22024Q32024Q4: 12024Q4: 02024Q42025Q1: 22025Q1: 42025Q12025Q2: 12025Q2: 22025Q22025Q3: 22025Q3: 52025Q32026Q1: 22026Q1: 62026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 20 of 30 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The the United Kingdom climate and carbon accounting market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech246
Consumer digital103
Deep tech79
Circular economy78
Enterprise software73
Saas50
Fintech45
Esg investing20
Online financial databases18
Marketplaces17
Web 3.016
Decentralized physical infrastructure network15

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

246companies
5.7%have hiring activity

14 companies hiring · $1.41B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription199
Commission on transaction69
Physical commerce60
E-commerce - product44
Fee-for-service40
Advertising29
E-commerce - service19
Donations1
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionsdiginex.com ↗

Diginex has agreed to acquire Resulticks, a customer engagement and intelligence software provider, in a tech M&A deal valued at $1.5 billion.

Mergers & acquisitionsplanetrics.com ↗

UK-based sustainability-focused consulting firm SLR announced today the acquisition of advanced climate-modelling and analytics platforms Planetrics and ClimSystems

Funding roundszevero.earth ↗

Carbon management platform Zevero has secured $7 million in new investment, bringing its total funding to $14 million to date.

Funding roundscur8.earth ↗

CUR8 has received a strategic investment from Acario Innovation—the corporate venture arm of Tokyo Gas, which is the largest city gas supplier in Japan and a diversified electric utility.

Mergers & acquisitionspawprint.eco ↗

Pawprint has been bought out of liquidation by its former Managing Director, Emily Hillier.

Mergers & acquisitionsrio.ai ↗

Both sides announced in early January that they were in talks and had since been arguing over the premium that Rio should pay.

Mergers & acquisitionsfloodflash.co ↗

FloodFlash co-founder and chief executive Adam Rimmer has exited the parametric flood MGA following its acquisition by NormanMax, according to people familiar with the matter.

Company announcementslinde.com ↗

Linde said delays to hydrogen and carbon capture systems at Woodside Energy’s Beaumont ammonia project have pushed low‑carbon output to 2027, citing construction and subcontractor challenges.

Contractsgosupercritical.com ↗

Boeing has secured 20,000 tonnes of permanent carbon dioxide removal through a structured procurement with Supercritical

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 283 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Mergers & acquisitions
52
Funding rounds
44
Contracts
38
Leadership moves
31
New products
31
Earnings
26
Company announcements
21
Capital infusions
11
IPO activity
7
Asset acquisitions
7
7 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

1 companies with recorded IPO activity

Diginex ↗

IPO · NASDAQ7 reports

Leadership moves

13 tracked people moves

Diginex ↗
Jacob Friedman

Appointment Chief Operating Officer

Diginex ↗
Christian Thierfelder

Promotion Chief Information Officer

Diginex ↗
Sandra Kovacheva

Appointment Chief Administrative Officer

CUR8 ↗
Edwina Johnson

Appointment Chief Operating Officer

Ryan King

Appointment Chief Growth Officer

Carbon8 ↗
Chris Newell

Appointment Joint Administrator

Carbon8 ↗
Jo Leach

Appointment Joint Administrator

Linde ↗
Sanjiv Lamba

Appointment Chairman of the Board

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Isometric ↗
Book and Claim Module

Platform Feature

Isometric ↗
Environmental Attribute Certificates (EAC)

Certification Registry

Datamaran ↗
Regulatory Monitoring solution

ESG compliance platform

Oasis Software as a Service Limited (Oasis SaaS)

Catastrophe modelling platform

Diginex ↗
diginexGHG

Carbon accounting software

Supercritical CDR purchase pathway

Service

Contract wins

25 recorded customer wins

Customer: boeingCarbon removal

Linde ↗

Customer:

Linde ↗

Customer: ExxonMobil Asia PacificIndustrial gases and Engineering

Diginex ↗

Customer: Results Global CompaniesTechnology

Foodsteps ↗

Customer: sainsbury\'sFood Retail / Sustainability

CUR8 ↗

Customer: pension insurance corporationCarbon removal

Workforce actions

2 companies with reported reductions

Rio ↗

20.0% rolescost reduction

Linde ↗

400 rolescost reduction

Regulatory events

6 recorded events

Diginex ↗

Compliance warning issuedNasdaq

Diginex ↗

Notified of listing rule violationNasdaq

DelAgua ↗

authorizing the use of emission reductions toward international aviation compliancehost governments

DelAgua ↗

approval of CORSIA insurance policies

Litigation

4 tracked suits

Company
pension funds v cencora

opioid shipment oversight by Cencora Inc.Civil · Settled

Company
pension funds v yellow

pension default debt claim in bankruptcy proceedingsCivil · Ongoing

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

3companies
32period observations
3.1%median reported growth

Median across 17 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
Diginex→resulticksAnnounced2026-04-20$1.5B
SLR→Planetrics ↗2026-04-10Not stated in snapshot
Mondra→inoqoAnnounced2026-02-19Not stated in snapshot
Emily Hillier→Pawprint ↗Completed2026-02-06Not stated in snapshot
Rio→NaRumored2026-02-05Not stated in snapshot
Zevero→inhabitAnnounced2026-02-02Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

10 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 81-posting snapshot covers 48 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Goals For Climate Co Ordinator3
Teacher / Tutoring Jobs In Online: Accounting. (Interactive Online Accounting Lessons Are Needed With A Experienced Expert)1
Accounting Specialist Belfast Hays Specialist Recruitment1
Unpaid Volunteer Principal / Senior / Research Officers (Climate Adaptation)1
Online Accounting Tutor In Aviemore1
Qualified Accounting Technician, Newry1
0 internship postings

4 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

2 postings specify a level.

unspecified
79
manager
1
senior
1

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 81 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Accounting
76
Journal Entries
10
Excel
10
Transfer Pricing
10
Finance
9
Treasury
7
Policy Design
7
Fintech
6
Financial Reporting
5
Logistics
5
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

282 founders and chief executives across 173 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

96 profiles with education records.

University of Cambridge
26
University of Oxford
20
Imperial College London
15
The University of Edinburgh
5
London Business School (LBS)
4
University College London
3
University of Bristol
3
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3

Prior employers

10 profiles with prior-work records.

Boston Consulting Group
3
Morgan Stanley
2
Google
2
Goldman Sachs
1
Apple
1
Bain
1
Uber
1
Facebook
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

116,118 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
116,118articles in the measured year
29,301articles in 2026Q1
69.0%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Climate and Carbon Accounting coverage across United Kingdom · articles per complete quarter

011,33922,67734,01645,3552021Q2: 28,8572021Q22021Q3: 29,2922021Q4: 38,3092022Q1: 25,7722022Q2: 23,8512022Q22022Q3: 25,6332022Q4: 28,6542023Q1: 27,3482023Q2: 28,6882023Q22023Q3: 28,7082023Q4: 28,8272024Q1: 26,7812024Q2: 27,8172024Q22024Q3: 32,2732024Q4: 29,1722025Q1: 39,4392025Q2: 26,5612025Q22025Q3: 32,2612025Q4: 27,1192026Q1: 29,3012026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q228,857
2021Q329,292
2021Q438,309
2022Q125,772
2022Q223,851
2022Q325,633
2022Q428,654
2023Q127,348
2023Q228,688
2023Q328,708
2023Q428,827
2024Q126,781
2024Q227,817
2024Q332,273
2024Q429,172
2025Q139,439
2025Q226,561
2025Q332,261
2025Q427,119
2026Q129,301

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
63,771 positive · 1,188 neutral · 37,401 negative
2022
67,292 positive · 1,028 neutral · 35,469 negative
2023
76,956 positive · 729 neutral · 35,767 negative
2024
81,356 positive · 927 neutral · 33,401 negative
2025
86,429 positive · 1,475 neutral · 37,316 negative

Leading coverage topics

Climate and Carbon Accounting coverage across United Kingdom · ranked by full-period article count.

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies20,002 articles in the full recorded period
2,617 recent · 2,928 prior
Climate Activism And Youth Movements15,841 articles in the full recorded period
1,905 recent · 2,024 prior
Renewable Energy Sources And Technologies11,583 articles in the full recorded period
1,666 recent · 1,844 prior
Carbon Footprint Reduction Techniques10,926 articles in the full recorded period
1,672 recent · 1,773 prior
Offshore Wind Energy Development10,221 articles in the full recorded period
2,112 recent · 1,947 prior
Covid 19 Vaccine Development And Efficacy Trials8,719 articles in the full recorded period
552 recent · 176 prior
Sustainability Initiatives And Esg Reporting7,704 articles in the full recorded period
1,302 recent · 1,484 prior
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts7,504 articles in the full recorded period
1,526 recent · 1,359 prior
Wind Turbine Technology & Onshore Wind Farms7,354 articles in the full recorded period
1,794 recent · 1,442 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations7,209 articles in the full recorded period
1,920 recent · 1,489 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

Climate and Carbon Accounting coverage across United Kingdom

KeywordRecentPriorChange
vaccine candidates500143250%
vaccine trials452142218%
vaccine immunogenicity392120227%
vaccination campaigns37980374%
charging accessibility36924451%
ocean sanctuaries33922749%
mass vaccination sites30841651%
renewables integration30321044%
cloud infrastructure28920044%
satellite broadcasting25916854%
climate governance219480-54%
climate diplomacy216475-55%
climate legislation248398-38%
smartphone models231350-34%
waste management213322-34%

Event and signal lenses

Climate and Carbon Accounting coverage across United Kingdom

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

156,811 classified articles

climate protests, climate mobilization, climate strikes

57.9% critical · 35.2% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

42,400 classified articles

offshore wind farms, climate mobilization, climate protests

55.4% critical · 49.0% positive
Rising

Growth

52,784 classified articles

charging corridor development, dc fast-charging deployment, charging accessibility

46.8% critical · 50.7% positive

Climate and Carbon Accounting coverage across United Kingdom. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Climate and Carbon Accounting research is working on

18,751 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
18,751papers
18,751worldwide comparison pool
—India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Problem-identifying
6,778
Promising
4,869
Descriptive
3,494
Cautionary
1,440
Breakthrough
1,281
Critical
446
Comparative
443

Contribution mix

Empirical
9,911
Methods-led
3,963
Reviews
2,346
Position pieces
2,328
Theoretical
203

Tone counts: 11,958 positive · 1,282 neutral · 5,511 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
7,224 papers · 38.5% of this field
  • Climate change4,970 papers
  • Resilience1,640 papers
  • Flood myth1,360 papers
  • Psychological resilience1,273 papers
  • Vulnerability1,205 papers
  • Agriculture882 papers
  • Climate resilience727 papers
  • Flooding720 papers

Landmark: The Importance of Climate Risks for Institutional Investors

Cautions
1,440 papers · 7.7% of this field
  • Climate change800 papers
  • Flood myth407 papers
  • Agriculture211 papers
  • Flooding174 papers
  • Resilience173 papers
  • Psychological resilience167 papers
  • Climate risk150 papers
  • Vulnerability116 papers

Landmark: Resilience implications of policy responses to climate change

Opportunities
6,150 papers · 32.8% of this field
  • Flood myth2,487 papers
  • Climate change2,412 papers
  • Resilience1,312 papers
  • Flooding1,029 papers
  • Psychological resilience728 papers
  • Agriculture715 papers
  • Sustainability573 papers
  • Hydrology510 papers

Landmark: Hedging Climate Change News

Leading institutions

Swiss Finance Institute
3,978
The University of Texas at Austin
3,421
Frankfurt School of Finance & Management
3,402
University of Geneva
3,378
Yale University
1,996
Columbia University
1,786

Leading researchers

Zacharias Sautner
3,368
Laura T. Starks
3,123
Philipp Krueger
3,113
W. J. Wouter Botzen
2,216
Johannes Stroebel
2,085
Bryan Kelly
1,996
Stefano Giglio
1,981
Jeroen C. J. H. Aerts
1,677

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Hedging Climate Risk410 citations
  • What Is Nuisance Flooding? Defining and Monitoring an Emerging Challenge214 citations
  • Event‐Based Storylines to Address Climate Risk198 citations
  • Enhancing the Climate Resilience of Africa's Infrastructure: The Power and Water Sectors157 citations
  • Assessing catchment scale flood resilience of urban areas using a grid cell based metric138 citations

Common problems researchers identify

6,176 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Flood risk and mitigation challengesCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Flood risk and mitigation challenges

1,136 papers

18.9% of this theme group

Researchers highlight gaps in flood management, resilience planning, and urban design under changing climate conditions.

Flood myth (1,109) · Flooding (538) · Flood mitigation (250) · Flood risk management (83)

Flood risk and flood management

Flood resiliency approach for urban planning: critical review and future research agenda

View research history
YearShare index
2022361.6
2023348.0
2024300.9
2025355.7
Climate justice and policy barriersCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Climate justice and policy barriers

1,055 papers

17.6% of this theme group

Papers discuss inequities, political economy, and public perception obstacles to effective climate action.

Climate change (995) · Political economy of climate change (223) · Global warming (140) · Climate justice (77)

Climate Change and Natural Disasters: Transforming Economies and Policies for a Sustainable Future

Public Perceptions Of Climate Change: Risk, Trust, and Policy

View research history
YearShare index
2022452.7
2023467.5
2024442.6
2025493.1
Agriculture and food security threatsCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Agriculture and food security threats

979 papers

16.3% of this theme group

Studies examine how climate change undermines crop productivity and threatens sustainable food systems.

Agriculture (627) · Food security (300) · Climate change (755) · Agricultural productivity (90)

Climate change adaptation: Challenges for agricultural sustainability

A Comprehensive Review on Climate Change Adaptation Strategies and Challenges in Agriculture

View research history
YearShare index
20223466.4
20233515.1
20243386.3
20253534.6
Urban and community resilience gapsCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Urban and community resilience gaps

901 papers

15.0% of this theme group

Research points to insufficient metrics and strategies for building climate‑resilient cities and neighborhoods.

Resilience (601) · Climate change (559) · Climate resilience (230) · Urban resilience (107)

Shaping resilient buildings and cities: Climate change impacts, metrics, and strategies for mitigation and adaptation

Empowering Communities for Climate Resilience

View research history
YearShare index
202251.5
202358.7
202470.2
2025112.4
Climate‑related financial risk concernsCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Climate‑related financial risk concerns

714 papers

11.9% of this theme group

Analyses reveal uncertainties in risk assessment, financing, and market stability linked to climate impacts.

Climate risk (290) · Climate Finance (147) · Climate change (560) · Risk management (129)

Climate Change and the Financial System

Managing Climate-Related Financial Risk: Prospects and Challenges

View research history
YearShare index
202292.4
202393.5
202490.8
2025132.8
Psychological and social resilience limitsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Psychological and social resilience limits

640 papers

10.7% of this theme group

Works explore how community mental health and adaptive capacity are strained by climate stressors.

Psychological resilience (564) · Climate change (534) · Resilience (305) · Climate resilience (161)

Assessing community resilience to climate change

Climate Adaptation and Resilience

View research history
YearShare index
2022128.4
2023140.5
2024143.1
2025240.0
Adaptation and vulnerability shortcomingsCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Adaptation and vulnerability shortcomings

575 papers

9.6% of this theme group

Literature identifies persistent gaps in translating adaptation research into reduced vulnerability for affected populations.

Adaptation (315) · Climate change (530) · Vulnerability (212) · Climate change adaptation (82)

Climate change and development: adaptation through transformation

Transforming Vulnerability into Resilience: Strategies for Climate Adaptation

View research history
YearShare index
202251.8
202352.6
202472.3
202576.0

Cautions

1,235 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Agricultural adaptation uncertaintiesCautions · 01

Agricultural adaptation uncertainties

225 papers

18.2% of this theme group

Cautionary studies stress the need for robust evidence before scaling climate‑resilient farming practices.

Agriculture (143) · Food security (57) · Climate change (158) · Agricultural productivity (26)

Conservation agriculture and climate resilience

Climate risks and adaptation strategies of farmers in East Africa and South Asia

View research history
YearShare index
20223466.4
20233515.1
20243386.3
20253534.6
Flood mitigation technology limitsCautions · 02

Flood mitigation technology limits

207 papers

16.8% of this theme group

Researchers warn that engineered drainage solutions may not perform reliably across diverse landscapes.

Flood myth (193) · Hydrology (90) · Flooding (79) · Surface runoff (34)

Many-Objective Optimization of Sustainable Drainage Systems in Urban Areas with Different Surface Slopes

Evaluating the effectiveness of land use management as a natural flood management intervention in reducing the impact of flooding for an upl

View research history
YearShare index
2022392.9
2023379.3
2024328.5
2025385.0
Financial portfolio climate exposureCautions · 03

Financial portfolio climate exposure

195 papers

15.8% of this theme group

Analyses caution investors about hidden climate risks affecting asset valuations and loan structures.

Climate risk (73) · Climate change (136) · Portfolio (20) · Stock (19)

Firm climate risk, risk management, and bank loan financing

Climate transition risk and bank lending

View research history
YearShare index
202222.0
202324.1
202419.1
202533.1
Policy and equity pitfallsCautions · 04

Policy and equity pitfalls

180 papers

14.6% of this theme group

Papers caution that climate policies can exacerbate social inequities without careful design.

Climate change (165) · Political economy of climate change (21) · Global warming (19) · Climate risk (35)

Weather index insurance: promises and challenges of promoting social and ecological resilience to climate change

Unequal impacts of future droughts on global croplands: contributions of climate and land-use changes across different income groups

View research history
YearShare index
2022446.7
2023462.0
2024435.5
2025493.2
Levee and flood risk managementCautions · 05

Levee and flood risk management

167 papers

13.5% of this theme group

Studies advise careful evaluation of levee reliance given evolving flood hazards.

Flood myth (164) · Flooding (64) · Flood mitigation (39) · Flood risk management (16)

Better use and management of levees: reducing flood risk in a changing climate

Application of re/insurance models to estimate increases in flood risk due to climate change

View research history
YearShare index
2022361.6
2023348.0
2024300.9
2025355.7
Resilience policy trade‑offsCautions · 06

Resilience policy trade‑offs

154 papers

12.5% of this theme group

Research highlights unintended consequences of climate‑focused policies on broader environmental goals.

Resilience (55) · Climate change (94) · Climate resilience (29) · Environmental resource management (19)

Resilience implications of policy responses to climate change

Sustainable, green, and climate-resilient cities: an analysis of multilateral development banks

View research history
YearShare index
20221021.3
20231058.0
20241089.0
2025712.2
Community‑based adaptation challengesCautions · 07

Community‑based adaptation challenges

107 papers

8.7% of this theme group

Works point to practical and institutional hurdles in implementing grassroots resilience initiatives.

Psychological resilience (95) · Resilience (46) · Climate change (76) · Climate resilience (26)

Community-Based Adaptation to Climate Change

Food Security Under a Changing Climate: Exploring the Integration of Resilience in Research and Practice

View research history
YearShare index
2022128.4
2023140.5
2024143.1
2025240.0

Opportunities

5,293 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Advanced flood risk modelingOpportunities · 01

Advanced flood risk modeling

962 papers

18.2% of this theme group

Opportunities arise from integrating land‑use scenarios and predictive tools to improve flood mitigation.

Flood myth (960) · Flooding (324) · Flood mitigation (215) · Flood risk assessment (108)

Land Use Scenario Modeling for Flood Risk Mitigation

Flood damage: a model for consistent, complete and multipurpose scenarios

View research history
YearShare index
2022361.6
2023348.0
2024300.9
2025355.7
Climate‑resilient development pathwaysOpportunities · 02

Climate‑resilient development pathways

861 papers

16.3% of this theme group

Research highlights innovative adaptation strategies that can strengthen vulnerable regions against future climate impacts.

Climate change (751) · Adaptation (180) · Vulnerability (151) · Climate model (54)

Building Africa’s climate resilience: understanding the impacts and future strategies in the face of climate change

Changing Climate Changing Behaviour

View research history
YearShare index
2022258.4
2023261.3
2024165.0
2025226.0
Climate‑smart agricultural innovationsOpportunities · 03

Climate‑smart agricultural innovations

818 papers

15.5% of this theme group

Studies showcase practices that boost productivity while enhancing resilience to climate variability.

Agriculture (528) · Food security (192) · Agricultural productivity (69) · Climate change (438)

Exploring the dynamics of climate-smart agricultural practices for sustainable resilience in a changing climate

Enhancing climate resilience of cropping systems.

View research history
YearShare index
20223466.4
20233515.1
20243386.3
20253534.6
Integrated urban resilience frameworksOpportunities · 04

Integrated urban resilience frameworks

766 papers

14.5% of this theme group

Emerging approaches combine psychological, infrastructural, and policy dimensions to bolster city‑wide climate adaptation.

Resilience (474) · Urban resilience (111) · Psychological resilience (229) · Climate change (375)

An Integrated Framework to Streamline Resilience in the Context of Urban Climate Risk Assessment

Climate change and emerging risks. Innovative urban climate services as a strategy to improve resilience of human systems.

View research history
YearShare index
2022130.3
2023138.8
2024140.3
2025228.2
Hydrologic simulation for mitigationOpportunities · 05

Hydrologic simulation for mitigation

695 papers

13.1% of this theme group

Advances in GIS and modeling enable precise assessment of flood control measures in watersheds.

Flood myth (611) · Hydrology (294) · Flooding (230) · Hydrograph (58)

Modeling effectiveness of management practices for flood mitigation using GIS spatial analysis functions in Upper Cilliwung watershed

Simulating the hydrologic impact of distributed flood mitigation practices, tile drainage, and terraces in an agricultural catchment

View research history
YearShare index
2022392.9
2023379.3
2024328.5
2025385.0
Urban flood resilience designOpportunities · 06

Urban flood resilience design

671 papers

12.7% of this theme group

Innovative methodologies support planning of drainage and mitigation systems for rapidly urbanizing areas.

Flood myth (623) · Flooding (331) · Urbanization (143) · Flood mitigation (181)

Methodology for flood resilience assessment in urban environments and mitigation strategy development

Modelling and resilience-based evaluation of urban drainage and flood management systems for future cities

View research history
YearShare index
2022781.9
2023756.7
2024660.9
2025761.9
Climate finance risk frameworksOpportunities · 07

Climate finance risk frameworks

520 papers

9.8% of this theme group

New assessment tools aim to standardize disclosure and management of climate‑related financial exposures.

Climate risk (235) · Climate change (354) · Portfolio (72) · Climate Finance (62)

Dissecting climate change risk and financial market instability: Implications for ecological risk management

Climate-related Financial Risks: Considering an Emerging Framework for Assessment and Disclosure in a Regulatory Perspective

View research history
YearShare index
202232.4
202335.3
202430.5
202550.5

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Problem-identifying36.1%9.6%
Promising26.0%36.9%
Descriptive18.6%17.8%
Cautionary7.7%4.6%
Breakthrough6.8%26.3%
Critical2.4%0.8%
Comparative2.4%4.0%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Safety & misuseOn the use and misuse of climate change projections in international development320.2%26 (81.2%)0.2%
Privacy & surveillanceAssessing climate change effects on vector-borne disease patterns to strengthen surveillance, prevention and adaptive gl50.03%5 (100.0%)0.03%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainAre Wastewater Systems Adapting to Climate Change?40.03%2 (50.0%)0.03%
Concentration of compute powerFlood insurance contract design based on incentive mitigation30.02%1 (33.3%)0.02%
Labour & data workFrom Reactive to Proactive: Greening Germany’s Regional Policy20.01%1 (50.0%)0.01%
Energy & datacenter footprint00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Bias & fairness00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINT

Where companies are based

Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

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8 cards

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UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Climate and Carbon Accounting in the United Kingdom: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 4 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
Coming soon