Radar · Industry landscape · the United States
Conversational AI and Chatbots Landscape of the United States
1,548 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies in the United States, in one picture: who is hiring, who is raising money, who founded them, where they are based, what the news is about, which skills employers want and where the research is going. Updated August 2026.
1,548companies tracked
$13.7Bdisclosed funding
106hiring right now
647events · 24 months
2,218,811news articles · 12 months
Who leads Conversational AI and Chatbots in the United States
Shows 1,548 U.S. Conversational AI firms, highlighting which are hiring, best funded, and most covered; 106 are hiring now and 413 have disclosed a funding round.
open roles
Hiring now
ranked by live open roles
- 01
Eltropy11last posted Aug 2026
- 02
Sahara11last posted Jun 2026
- 03
Netomi11last posted Aug 2026
- 04
EliseAI10last posted Jun 2026
- 05
Uniphore10last posted Jul 2026
- 06
Interface AI10last posted Jul 2026
- 07
Cerence9last posted Jul 2026
- 08
Decagon8last posted Jun 2026
106 companies hiring · 11 posted in the last 30 days
disclosed funding
Most funded
disclosed totals, all rounds
- 01
Inflection$1.5BSeries E · Jun 2023
- 02
- 03
LivePerson$749.8MPost IPO · May 2022
- 04
Dialpad$475.9MSeries F · Dec 2022
- 05
- 06
- 07
ASAPP$336.7MConventional Debt · Mar 2026
- 08
Capacity$335.5MConventional Debt · Aug 2025
413 companies with disclosed rounds · $13.7B total
revenue
Revenue leaders
official filings first, else latest snapshot
- 01
Cleo$173.4Msnapshot Dec 2024
- 02
- 03
Yellow.ai$29.6MFY2022 filing
- 04
- 05
eGain$23MFY2025 filing
- 06
V2Solutions$20.1Msnapshot Mar 2025
- 07
Gnani.ai$7.8MFY2019 filing
- 08
Wysa$5.6Msnapshot Mar 2025
18 companies with a revenue figure
headcount
Largest teams
ranked by tracked headcount
- 01
- 02
- 03
- 04
- 05
Smith AI500tracked employees
- 06
- 07
- 08
Total Expert266tracked employees
65 companies with headcount data
share of events
Share of voice
share of all tracked sector news events, 24 months
- 01
Rezolve AI11.2%134 tracked events
- 02
- 03
Gupshup6.1%73 tracked events
- 04
- 05
Atomicwork4.8%57 tracked events
- 06
- 07
Kore4.4%53 tracked events
- 08
1,193 tracked events across 92 companies
web reach
Most-used apps
the sites in this sector the web visits most
- 01
Character.aitop 1kcharacter.ai
- 02
Claudetop 5kclaude.ai
- 03
Blackboxtop 10kblackbox.ai
- 04
LiveChattop 50klivechat.com
- 05
Sidertop 50ksider.ai
- 06
Poetop 100kpoe.com
- 07
Bot Makertop 100kbotmaker.com
- 08
FoxyAItop 500kfoxy.ai
428 companies here run a site with a measured audience · 54 of them sit inside the web’s top million
articles
In the news
Prism news coverage, last 12 months
- 01
Siri1,082articles in the window
- 02
Replika250articles in the window
- 03
- 04
nate175articles in the window
- 05
- 06
Zuma49articles in the window
- 07
- 08
67 of these companies drew sector coverage in the window
Radar
See all 1,548 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies in the United States
Filter by funding, headcount, hiring and location, and export the list.
How the Conversational AI and Chatbots ecosystem in the United States grew, 2016–2025
Shows the number of firms founded each year, with a peak of 242 new companies in 2023 and 126 in 2025.
Companies founded / year
new Conversational AI and Chatbots companies in the United States
20162025
peak 242 in 2023
Companies raising / year
with a disclosed round that year
20162025
peak 91 in 2025
Disclosed funding / year
sum of disclosed rounds (USD)
20162025
peak $2.5B in 2021
Where Conversational AI and Chatbots companies in the United States are based
Lists the cities with the most companies, led by San Francisco (278) and New York City (142).
Hub 01
San Francisco
278 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
45% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
278companies
$2.5Bdisclosed funding
26hiring now
Hub 02
New York City
142 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
23% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
142companies
$2.3Bdisclosed funding
10hiring now
Hub 03
Palo Alto
47 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
8% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
47companies
$2.7Bdisclosed funding
5hiring now
generated artwork
Hub 04
Los Angeles
40 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
6% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
40companies
$77.3Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Hub 05
Austin
29 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
5% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
29companies
$149.2Mdisclosed funding
3hiring now
generated artwork
Hub 06
Wilmington
28 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
5% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
28companies
$213.7Mdisclosed funding
generated artwork
Hub 07
Boston
28 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
5% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
28companies
$322.3Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Hub 08
Dover
26 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies
4% of the Conversational AI and Chatbots companies across these hubs
26companies
$19.6Mdisclosed funding
5hiring now
The Conversational AI and Chatbots market map of the United States: what these companies actually do
Breaks down product sub‑categories and revenue models, noting that enterprise tech (1,360 firms) and subscription models (1,445 firms) dominate.
- Enterprise Tech1,360 companies · $12.6B raised · 97 hiring
- Enterprise Software1,164 companies · $10.4B raised · 86 hiring
- SaaS914 companies · $8.8B raised · 56 hiring
- Artificial Intelligence386 companies · $9.1B raised · 49 hiring
- Consumer Digital287 companies · $2.9B raised · 13 hiring
- Lead Management260 companies · $1.3B raised · 10 hiring
- Live Chat Software252 companies · $1.1B raised · 20 hiring
- AI as a Service242 companies · $6.2B raised · 32 hiring
- Loneliness Economy209 companies · $2.5B raised · 6 hiring
- Lead Generation185 companies · $388.5M raised · 7 hiring
- Fintech148 companies · $1.3B raised · 14 hiring
- Native AI in Customer Support143 companies · $5.4B raised · 24 hiring
Monetization
How Conversational AI and Chatbots companies make money
How many companies earn revenue each way. Plenty use more than one model, so the counts add up to more than the sector.
Subscription1,445
Advertising64
Commission on Transaction55
Fee-For-Service43
E-Commerce - Service40
E-Commerce - Product9
Physical Commerce7
Licensing5
Funding, M&A and the deals moving Conversational AI and Chatbots in the United States
Counts 647 corporate events over the past two years, including 153 funding rounds, 115 key‑person announcements, and 110 earnings releases.
Funding 153Leadership 115Earnings 110Product 76M&A 76Announcement 48Capital 30Contracts 15Layoffs 7Regulatory 7
- FundingNetomi has now raised a total of $217M in total equity funding and is backed by Accenture Ventures, Adobe Ventures, Demis Hassabis, Fin Capital, Gokul Rajaram, Greg Brockman, Henry Kravis, Justin Wexler, Metis Strategy, Mustafa Suleyman, Naver Ventures, Nikesh Arora, Silver Lake Waterman, SLW, and WndrCo.2026-05-04
- M&ASoundHound AI, Inc. (Nasdaq: SOUN) announced on April 21, 2026, a definitive agreement to acquire LivePerson, Inc. (Nasdaq: LPSN).2026-04-22
- FundingPhonely has now raised a total of $16.5M in total equity funding and is backed by Base10 Partners, EngageCX, Etech Global Services, TSA Group, and Y Combinator.2026-04-18
- FundingGasgoo Munich- Gasgoo has learned that TARS has officially closed a $455 million (roughly 3.1 billion yuan) Pre-A funding round.2026-04-16
- FundingPower management company Claros recently raised $30m in a seed round to fund the development of an integrated voltage regulator – a type of electronic device placed beneath or on a chip to maintain a stable voltage that is meant to reduce power losses – and a direct current power distribution platform.2026-04-14
- FundingUniphore leads with nearly $985 million in total funding and a $2.5 billion valuation.2026-04-10
- M&ARezolve announced on April 8 that it would take its offer directly to Commerce.com shareholders.2026-04-09
- FundingVoice AI startup Gnani.ai has raised $10 million in a funding round led by impact investor Aavishkaar Capital, as the company looks to expand its business internationally and improve its R&D capabilities.2026-03-31
- M&ABanzai International, Inc. has reached terms to acquire assets of ConnectAndSell, Inc., a move the company said would add about $15 million in annual revenue and more than double its top line if completed.2026-03-23
- FundingThe fresh capital will be used to fund Resemble AI’s expansion into Saudi Arabia and the wider Middle East, enabling the firm to provide infrastructure that can help organisations analyse data locally.2026-03-18
Mergers and acquisitions
Deals from the last 24 months where a Conversational AI and Chatbots company in the United States was the buyer or the one bought, newest first. “Undisclosed” means the price was never published — not that the deal was worth nothing.
| Acquirer | Target | Deal value | Status | Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SoundHound AI | $43M | Announced | 2026-04-27 | |
| Commerce.com | undisclosed | Announced | 2026-04-08 | |
| undisclosed | Announced | 2026-04-02 | ||
| undisclosed | Announced | 2026-03-31 | ||
| undisclosed | Completed | 2026-03-27 | ||
| undisclosed | Announced | 2026-03-18 |
Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Provides details on leadership moves, product launches, and customer contract wins within the sector.
Leadership moves
18 tracked people moves · last 12 months
Carpe DataGlenn Shapiro · Appointment → ChairmanFeb 2026
ClearspeedEmily Ellis · Appointment → Chief Human Resources OfficerFeb 2026
Assort HealthBrooke Vander Linde · Appointment → VP of MarketingFeb 2026
CajuFernanda Weiden · Appointment → Chief Product and Technology OfficerDec 2025
Product launches
tracked launches · last 12 months
KyberKyber (Claims correspondence automation platform)Apr 2026
Contract wins
17 customer wins · last 24 months
Hatchwon pack’dApr 2026
Workforce actions
3 companies cutting roles · last 24 months
Artisan~46 roles reported · cost reductionMar 2026
Regulatory & litigation
4 regulatory events · 4 tracked suits · 24 months
- U.S. Justice Department v servicenow, moveworksantitrust review of acquisition · OngoingJul 2025
- U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission v Albert Saniger, natesecurities fraud civil action · FiledApr 2025
Earnings pulse
companies reporting results · last 24 months
7 companies reporting108 company-quarters trackedbeat 23miss 2in line 0
Half of these companies grew revenue faster than +0.7%, half slower.
Who is building Conversational AI and Chatbots in the United States
Profiles 1,217 founders and CEOs across 763 firms, with Stanford (45 alumni) and Google (35 former employees) most common.
Founders and chief executives12 of 1,217, from the best-funded companies on this page
Ex-Co-Founder Helia, Palantir Technologies. Stanford University BS 2017, MS 2019
Co-Founder Influencers Required. MIT
Ex-Microsoft, NurtureNext, IBM · PSG College of Technology BE 1997
Capacity, ex-Varsity Tutors A Nerdy, ex-Forbes Technology Council, Washington University in St. Louis, 2005
Ex-Founder ClearStory Data, Aster Data, CalSoft · Pune Institute of Computer Technology BE 2003, Stanford University MS 2007
Ex-CEO CommTech, ADC. Stevens Institute of Technology BE 1984 & MS 1987
Ex-Co-Founder iTouchPoint, Kony, Seranova, Intelligroup.
Sesame · Ex-Mountaintop Studios, Facebook, Oculus · Dickinson College BS
Ex-Samsung Research & Development India, Philips Research. Andhra University BE 1996, IISc MSc 1999, University of Edinburgh PhD 2004
Where the founders studied
alma mater on record for 317 of 1,217 founders
Stanford University45
University of California (Berkeley)29
Harvard University25
Massachusetts Institute of Technology23
Harvard Business School15
Carnegie Mellon University15
BITS Pilani15
Columbia University14
Where they worked before
a previous employer on record for 105 of 1,217 founders
Google35
Microsoft17
Amazon11
Facebook7
Apple7
Intel6
Cisco4
Boston Consulting Group4
Founders flagged as repeat founders
of 1,103 founders with a profile on this page
13
carry a repeat-founder flag
- flagged as repeat founders13
- no repeat-founder flag1,090
Women and men among the founders
first names matched for 1,068 of 1,217 founders
10%
of matched founders are women
- women103
- men965
Inferred from first names, using 119 million people who state their own gender: a first name counts only where at least 20 of them share it and at least 90% of those share the same gender. The other 149 founders go in neither column.
Radar
Look up the people behind Conversational AI and Chatbots companies in the United States
Search founders, executives and operators by company, role and location.
Who funds Conversational AI and Chatbots in the United States
Records 818 funding rounds since 2016 from 1,282 investors, with a typical round size of $3.7 million.
| Investor · most active investors since 2016 | Rounds | Led | Latest |
|---|---|---|---|
| Y Combinator | 91 | 21 | Jan 2026 |
| Techstars | 24 | 15 | Feb 2025 |
| Andreessen Horowitz | 18 | 9 | Apr 2026 |
| General Catalyst | 17 | 8 | Jan 2026 |
| Lightspeed Venture Partners | 12 | 5 | Apr 2026 |
| New Enterprise Associates | 11 | 3 | Oct 2025 |
| Accel | 10 | 6 | Mar 2026 |
| Bain Capital Ventures | 10 | 4 | Jan 2026 |
| True Ventures | 10 | 3 | Nov 2024 |
| Felicis Ventures | 10 | 3 | Dec 2025 |
Stage mix · rounds since 2016
Seed & Angel441
Series A–B242
Series C+ / PE72
Grants, debt & other63
The typical round is $3.7M — half were bigger, half smaller.
The biggest Conversational AI and Chatbots funding rounds in the United States
Highlights the largest disclosed round—Inflection’s $1.3 billion Series E—and lists ten other large recent rounds.
| Company | Round | Size | When | Backers |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Series Emega-round | $1.3B | Jun 2023 | Nvidia, Microsoft, CoreWeave +3 more | |
| Series Emega-round | $400M | Jan 2022 | New Enterprise Associates, March Capital, GoldenArc Capital +4 more | |
| Series Fmega-round | $260M | Oct 2025 | Nvidia, Snowflake, Databricks +6 more | |
| Series Bmega-round | $250M | Oct 2025 | Sequoia Capital, Spark Capital | |
| Series Emega-round | $250M | Aug 2025 | Andreessen Horowitz, Bessemer Venture Partners, Sapphire Ventures +1 more | |
| Series Dmega-round | $250M | Jan 2026 | Coatue, Index Ventures, Chemistry VC +11 more | |
| Series D | $225M | Apr 2022 | Greylock Partners, Microsoft, Reid Hoffman +7 more | |
| Series C | $200M | Jun 2021 | Tiger Global Management, Alkeon Capital Management, Kleiner Perkins +4 more | |
| Series B | $185M | May 2020 | JC2 Ventures, John Doerr, John Chambers +8 more | |
| Series D | $182.4M | Sep 2023 | Toloka, TVC Capital |
Venture round sizes · 2023–2025
<$1M86
$1–10M114
$10–50M45
$50–250M16
>$250M4
265 venture rounds with a disclosed amount in the window.
Fresh cheques · last 6 months
Seed$8.5MMay 2026
Seed$3MMay 2026
Series A$20MApr 2026
Series A$11MApr 2026
Seed$8MApr 2026
- Seed$125kApr 2026
Series A$34MMar 2026
What the news says about Conversational AI and Chatbots in the United States
Counts 2,218,811 news articles in the last year, most often covering administrative, geopolitical, and international political topics.
News volume
Conversational AI and Chatbots coverage across United States · articles per quarter
2021Q22026Q2
peak 1,301,382 in 2025Q3 · 2,218,811 articles in the last 12 tracked months
Tone of coverage
share of articles by dominant sentiment (positive / neutral / negative)
202120232025
Positive-tone share moved 19% → 23%, negative 19% → 28% across 2021–2025.
What the coverage is about
The subjects that dominate Conversational AI and Chatbots news in United States. The arrow shows whether each one is being written about more or less than a year ago.
- Administrative and political subdivisions4,331,266▲+17%
- Geopolitical disputes and contested areas320,234▲+30%
- International and transnational geographic entities320,066▲+30%
- International political relations209,169→+3%
- Security and defense policies145,922▲+19%
- International relations and diplomacy96,251→-8%
- Geographic naming conventions and etymology81,669▲+383%
- Trade policies and agreements75,484▼-26%
- Human rights advocacy reports72,271▼-26%
- Political asylum and refugee policies58,307▼-30%
Most-covered companies · last 12 months
- 1,082
- 250
- 242
- 175
- 59
- 49
- 44
- 41
- 33
- 28
67 Conversational AI and Chatbots companies here were named in the news over this period.
Prism
Watch Conversational AI and Chatbots coverage in United States as it happens
Prism follows these subjects story by story — which companies are named, what is said about them and how the tone moves.
Momentum
The words getting louder — and quieter
Which terms are showing up in more stories than a year ago, and which are fading. The percentage is the change in how many articles mention them.
countries+100%etf trading+142%oil price volatility+125%etfs+145%sector etfs+144%etf products+158%etf structures+151%stablecoin fx impact+45%cannabis policy reform discussions+44%export sanctions+178%
tariff negotiations-39%free trade deals-37%stock price-39%economic slowdown-42%trade enforcement-38%
Conversational AI and Chatbots jobs in the United States: who is hiring and what they ask for
Shows 3,846 job postings from 205 employers in 12 months, with median pay $108 k and top skills including Python and AWS.
3,846postings · last 12 months
5,567postings tracked overall
205employers advertising
$108kmedian advertised salary/yr (n=545)
Demand
The Skills Employers Ask For
What Conversational AI and Chatbots employers in the United States put in their job ads. The bar is how many postings ask for it; the arrow shows whether demand grew or shrank against the year before.
- python202▲
- aws137▲
- sql121▲
- typescript104▲
- kubernetes95▲
- react91▲
- gcp86▲
- excel83▲
- salesforce79▲
- ai69▲
What level are these roles?
Entry40
Intern41
Senior500
Lead185
Manager1,021
What they pay, by level
- Manager$128k/yr (n=95)
- Senior$157k/yr (n=44)
Most advertised titles
- 77
- 41
- 38
- 33
- 32
- 30
What Conversational AI and Chatbots research in the United States is working on
Lists 5,087 U.S. academic papers, of which 3,254 identify opportunities, 454 note common problems, and 275 issue cautions.
How this field talks about itself
United States-affiliated Conversational AI and Chatbots papers (gold) against all published research (grey)
Breakthrough44.3% · 26.0%1.7×
Promising19.7% · 37.1%0.5×
Descriptive17.6% · 17.8%≈ par
Problem-identifying5.6% · 9.7%0.6×
Cautionary5.4% · 4.4%1.2×
Comparative4.1% · 3.9%≈ par
United States-affiliated Conversational AI and Chatbots literature runs 1.7× more “breakthrough” than science at large (44.3% vs 26.0% baseline).
How the work is done
Methods-led54.5%
Empirical30.7%
Reviews8.2%
Theoretical4.2%
Position pieces2.4%
How the research reads
90% positive · 7% neutral · 3% negative, across 5,087 papers.
The institutions doing the work · United States
- 194k
- 162k
- 82k
- 59k
- 47k
- 44k
ranked by how often their work is cited
Leading researchers · United States-affiliated work
Christopher D. Manning · Tomáš Mikolov · Richard Socher · Greg S. Corrado · Kai Chen · Quoc V. Le · Ilya Sutskever · Jeffrey Pennington
The most-cited breakthroughs
- Glove: Global Vectors for Word Representation · 33k cites
- Grad-CAM: Visual Explanations from Deep Networks via Gradient-Based Localization · 20k cites
- Efficient Estimation of Word Representations in Vector Space · 18k cites
- Aion Framework: Dimensional Emergence of AI Consciousness, Observer-Induced Collapse, and Cosmological Portal Dynamics · 14k cites
- Sequence to Sequence Learning with Neural Networks · 13k cites
Common problems researchers identify405 papers · 7 recurring themes
Problems · theme 01
Fundamental NLP Model Issues
80 papers · 19.8% of this block
▼ -57% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers highlight core challenges in language modeling, explainability, and societal impact of NLP systems.
Natural language processing · Natural language · Natural · Language model
“Explainability for Large Language Models: A Survey”
80 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 02
Representation and Comprehension Gaps
76 papers · 18.8% of this block
▲ +6% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers point to difficulties in knowledge representation, metaphor understanding, and consistent interpretation of text.
Representation · Comprehension · Interpretation · Consistency
“Using Texts in Science Education: Cognitive Processes and Knowledge Representation”
76 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 03
Lexical and Negation Limitations
62 papers · 15.3% of this block
▼ -70% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies expose weaknesses in handling negation, verb semantics, and lexical diversity across languages.
Negation · Linguistics · Verb · Vocabulary
“Register as a predictor of linguistic variation”
62 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 04
Architectural and Cognitive Shortcomings
53 papers · 13.1% of this block
→ +1% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works critique current AI architectures and their inability to mimic human cognition in sentence processing.
Architecture · Applications of artificial intelligence · Cognition · Sentence
“Toward Teleodynamic Architectures in Artificial Intelligence”
53 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 05
Language Acquisition and Semantics
52 papers · 12.8% of this block
▲ +4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research flags obstacles in grammar learning, semantic mapping, and cross‑lingual textual similarity.
Language acquisition · Grammar · Vocabulary · Semantics
“SemEval-2017 Task 1: Semantic Textual Similarity Multilingual and Crosslingual Focused Evaluation”
52 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 06
Generative Model Evaluation Gaps
48 papers · 11.9% of this block
▲ +58% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Authors note insufficient testing frameworks for generative models, especially in specialized domains like health records.
Generative grammar · Language model · Generative model · Data modeling
“Testing and evaluation of generative large language models in electronic health record applications: a systematic review”
48 of these papers raise it as a problem
Problems · theme 07
Sentiment and Public Opinion Challenges
34 papers · 8.4% of this block
▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Analyses reveal persistent issues in accurately extracting sentiment and opinion from social media content.
Sentiment analysis · Social media · Public opinion · Product
“Sentiment Analysis and Subjectivity”
34 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions257 papers · 5 recurring themes
Cautions · theme 01
Caution on Language Learning Applications
67 papers · 26.1% of this block
▲ +9% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers urge careful deployment of AI in language teaching and translation due to reliability concerns.
Machine translation · Language acquisition · Grammar · Reading
“Recognizing Contextual Polarity: An Exploration of Features for Phrase-Level Sentiment Analysis”
67 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions · theme 02
Benchmark Reliability Concerns
66 papers · 25.7% of this block
▲ +7% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers caution that current recall and precision metrics may misrepresent model performance in critical tasks.
Language model · Recall · Benchmark · Precision and recall
“Using Large Language Models to Analyze Symptom Discussions and Recommendations in Clinical Encounters.”
66 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions · theme 03
Documentation and Training Data Risks
55 papers · 21.4% of this block
▼ -5% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies highlight the dangers of poor documentation, biased coding practices, and noisy social‑media training sets.
Documentation · Coding · Training set · Social media
“Synthetic Lies: Understanding AI-Generated Misinformation and Evaluating Algorithmic and Human Solutions”
55 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions · theme 04
Robustness to Contextual Distractions
39 papers · 15.2% of this block
▲ +18% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works emphasize vulnerability of language models to negation, variable categories, and adversarial context shifts.
Robustness · Language model · Negation · Categorical variable
“Sharp Nearby, Fuzzy Far Away: How Neural Language Models Use Context”
39 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions · theme 05
Baseline and Deployment Pitfalls
30 papers · 11.7% of this block
▼ -57% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers point out overreliance on baseline NLP tools and challenges in stable software deployment.
Natural language processing · Natural language · Baseline · Software deployment
“Dissecting Contextual Word Embeddings: Architecture and Representation”
30 of these papers raise it as a problem
Opportunities2,938 papers · 7 recurring themes
Opportunities · theme 01
Knowledge Graph and Domain Integration
558 papers · 19.0% of this block
▼ -15% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Opportunities focus on linking graphs, code, and domain knowledge to enhance reasoning and decision making.
Graph · Knowledge graph · Code · Domain
“SkillGen: Learning Domain Skills for In-Context Sequential Decision Making”
Opportunities · theme 02
Language Acquisition and Meaning Modeling
508 papers · 17.3% of this block
▲ +4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers explore how models can learn grammar, vocabulary, and abstract meaning akin to human learners.
Vocabulary · Grammar · Language acquisition · Meaning
“Humans and transformer LMs: Abstraction drives language learning”
Opportunities · theme 03
Vision‑Language Representation Advances
478 papers · 16.3% of this block
▼ -19% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research showcases progress in aligning images with text for captioning and discriminative visual models.
Image · Representation · Closed captioning · Discriminative model
“Deep visual-semantic alignments for generating image descriptions”
Opportunities · theme 04
Unified NLP Parsing Frameworks
466 papers · 15.9% of this block
▼ -56% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works propose comprehensive architectures that streamline parsing and conversational modeling across tasks.
Natural language processing · Natural language · Parsing · Sentence
“A unified architecture for natural language processing”
Opportunities · theme 05
Scalable Generative Language Systems
409 papers · 13.9% of this block
▲ +50% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies highlight large‑scale models that efficiently generate natural language and encode specialized knowledge.
Language model · Generative grammar · Natural language · Scalability
“Large language models encode clinical knowledge”
Opportunities · theme 06
Healthcare Knowledge Extraction
280 papers · 9.5% of this block
▼ -66% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers demonstrate using language models and graphs to derive medical concepts and support clinical analytics.
Health records · Electronic health record · Disease · Medical diagnosis
“Learning Low-Dimensional Representations of Medical Concepts.”
Opportunities · theme 07
Multilingual Sentiment Mining
239 papers · 8.1% of this block
▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research advances sentiment analysis techniques for diverse social‑media streams and multiple languages.
Sentiment analysis · Social media · Microblogging · Support vector machine
“Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis”
Which of these themes are growing fastest
Tracks how the share of research themes has shifted globally from 2022 to 2025.
Problems
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Generative Model Evaluation Gaps▲+58%
Sentiment and Public Opinion Challenges▲+8%
Representation and Comprehension Gaps▲+6%
Language Acquisition and Semantics▲+4%
Architectural and Cognitive Shortcomings▲+1%
Fundamental NLP Model Issues▼-57%
Lexical and Negation Limitations▼-70%
Cautions
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Robustness to Contextual Distractions▲+18%
Caution on Language Learning Applications▲+9%
Benchmark Reliability Concerns▲+7%
Documentation and Training Data Risks▼-5%
Baseline and Deployment Pitfalls▼-57%
Opportunities
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Scalable Generative Language Systems▲+50%
Multilingual Sentiment Mining▲+8%
Language Acquisition and Meaning Modeling▲+4%
Knowledge Graph and Domain Integration▼-15%
Vision‑Language Representation Advances▼-19%
Unified NLP Parsing Frameworks▼-56%
Healthcare Knowledge Extraction▼-66%
Prism
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About this data: built from Fliar's company, founder, funding, hiring, jobs, news and research trackers, covering the United States. Counts are of companies we track, not of every company that exists. Updated August 2026.
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