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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE LONDON EDITION 2026

London’s
crypto exchanges and wallets industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping crypto exchanges and wallets in London. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Crypto Exchanges and Wallets Industry Landscape of London
GB
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets illustration
Companies tracked 578Crypto Exchanges and Wallets ecosystem in London Disclosed funding $2.63B86 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 13With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 220 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore London’s crypto exchanges and wallets leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
Crypto Exchanges and Wallets company highlights in London, snapshot 2 September 2026
Company
Blockchainblockchain.com$700M—2—
Nebeusnebeus.com$273.37M—6—
Argo Blockchainargoblockchain.com$242.73M—26—
Quantopayquantopay.com$164.77M—4—
MAR Miningmarmining.com$100M———
Quantum ProTradeNetquantumprotradenet.com$100M———
BVNKbvnk.com$93.18M2 roles47—
Cryptiocryptio.co$70M3 roles50—
BP PRIMEbpprime.com—3 roles6—
CEX.IOcex.io—2 roles45Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
GFO-Xgfo-x.com—2 roles2—
ICMicm.com—2 roles16—
Skrillskrill.com—2 roles102—
B2C2b2c2.com—1 roles46—
4XC Group4xc.com————
AiXaixtrade.com——24—
Bitstampbitstamp.net——1—
Cashaacashaa.com——23—
DropsTabdropstab.com——9—
Elwoodelwood.io——165—
Etrading Softwareetradingsoftware.com——86—
Hodl Hodlhodlhodl.com——1—
Modemodeplc.com——44Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Pollenpollen.id——39—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets industry KPIs in London

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

2 September 2026
Hiring participation2.2%

13 of 578 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation18.0%

104 of 578 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share46.3%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$3.01M

Midpoint of 161 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 46.3% of disclosed capital, while 82.0% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How London crypto exchanges and wallets has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

London crypto exchanges and wallets
$0$190.77M$381.54M$572.3M$763.07M2016: $1.89M20162017: $114.8M20172018: $30.96M20182019: $3.93M20192020: $91.58M20202021: $669.36M20212022: $533.58M20222023: $362.5M20232024: $538.49M20242025: $167.34M2025
View the numbers
Annual crypto exchanges and wallets funding and company formation in London
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$1.89M322
2017$114.8M739
2018$30.96M864
2019$3.93M447
2020$91.58M3513
2021$669.36M4319
2022$533.58M5524
2023$362.5M3618
2024$538.49M6121
2025$167.34M3814
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Blockchain26.6%
  • Nebeus10.4%
  • Argo Blockchain9.2%
  • Other companies53.7%

Funding by stage

195 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel103 52.8%
Series A–B47 24.1%
Series C+ / PE10 5.1%
Grants, debt & other35 17.9%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
3 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series A04/2026
wamo $11.71M

Backed by 3TS Capital Partners and Oleka Capital.

Series B03/2026
Cryptio $45M

Backed by BlackFin and Sentinel Global and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series B12/2024
BVNKbvnk.com$50M

Backed by Haun Ventures and Coinbase and others.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
GBP · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2024 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 2 reporting entities from 78 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not London market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 2 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2024 · 2 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

2 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
LONDON · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does crypto exchanges and wallets compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the London companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

11 of the 578 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (1.9%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 391,068 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Skrillskrill.com7,206,1466271.4%
Blockchainblockchain.com3,842,8785543%
Bitstampbitstamp.net838,1014972.9%
DropsTabdropstab.com638,4423616.1%
CEX.IOcex.io607,0124181.6%
Solflaresolflare.com391,0683959.3%
BVNKbvnk.com227,4813770.1%
Hodl Hodlhodlhodl.com120,9673734%
WhalesMiningwhalesmining.com8,02122.6%
DogeMaxMiningdogemaxmining.com3,34520%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

30 of these companies (5.2%) publish at least one Android app — 30 apps in all, carrying 47.4M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Skrill - Fast, secure paymentsSkrill17.9M4.5Finance
Blockchain Wallet: Buy BTCBlockchain17.3M4Finance
CEX.IO: Trade & Buy CryptoCEX.IO5.9M4.1Finance
Solflare: Solana Crypto WalletSolflare4.2M4.6Finance
Bitstamp by Robinhood: Buy BTCBitstamp914.1K4.4Finance
EXMO.com: Trade & Hold CryptoEXMO492.9K3.8Finance
DropsTab: Crypto TrackerDropsTab184.1K4.4Finance
Nebeus: Crypto FinanceNebeus122.4K—Finance
Zeal: Digital Wallet & CardZeal108.5K3.7Finance
Nightly WalletNightly88.6K4.1Productivity

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q1–2025Q4).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Cryptocurrencies2947.4MSkrill - Fast, secure payments 17.9M
Digital Remittance217.9MDue - Money beyond borders 18.1K
Blockchain Infrastructure5228.1KZeal: Digital Wallet & Card 108.5K
Non Fungible Tokens4214KNightly Wallet 88.6K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q1: 12023Q1: 12023Q12023Q2: 12023Q2: 02023Q22023Q4: 12023Q4: 02023Q42024Q1: 12024Q1: 02024Q12024Q2: 12024Q2: 02024Q22024Q4: 12024Q4: 02024Q42025Q2: 12025Q2: 12025Q22025Q3: 42025Q3: 22025Q32025Q4: 12025Q4: 32025Q4

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 28 of 30 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2025Q4, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The London crypto exchanges and wallets market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Fintech574
Blockchain in financial services524
Consumer digital490
Web 3.0230
Enterprise tech142
Decentralized finance112
Deep tech108
Yield farming41
Enterprise software32
Marketplaces26
Online trading platforms15
Saas14

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Fintech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

574companies
2.3%have hiring activity

13 companies hiring · $2.63B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription432
Commission on transaction425
E-commerce - service192
Fee-for-service111
Advertising51
Freemium47
Lending20
E-commerce - product18
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Funding roundswamo.io ↗

Wamo, a London, UK- and Helsinki, Finland-based fintech company providing a SME financial operating platform, raised €10M in Series A funding. The round was led by 3TS Capital Partners with participation from Oleka.

Mergers & acquisitionsbvnk.com ↗

Earlier this month, it agreed to buy stablecoin infrastructure group BVNK in a deal valued at up to $1.8bn.

Mergers & acquisitionszeal.app ↗

Manchester-based brand activation agency ZEAL has acquired a 51% stake in Tommy, the social-first creative studio behind standout work for Amazon, TikTok, Netflix, Mastercard and Google.

Funding roundsrecap.io ↗

Others include Recap, a €6.6m AI health-tech project led by the University of Galway, the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, CrannMed and Salaso Health Solutions.

Mergers & acquisitionsbcbgroup.com ↗

BCB Group will integrate the strata portfolio into its business

Mergers & acquisitionsrated.network ↗

Figment acquires Rated Labs to strengthen validator analytics and staking transparency.

Funding roundsagioratings.io ↗

London-based Agio Ratings, a provider of a platform delivering risk insights in digital assets, has raised $6 million bringing its total funding to over $11 million. The round was led by AlbionVC, with participation from Portage Ventures and MS&AD.

Funding roundskamino.finance ↗

Kamino, a treasury management platform based in Brazil, raised $10M in a round led by Flourish Ventures and Quona Capital.

Mergers & acquisitionstempus.finance ↗

Tempus AI’s recent acquisition of Paige, a company specializing in digital pathology, which had previously driven the stock higher.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 125 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Earnings
30
Leadership moves
24
Funding rounds
21
Mergers & acquisitions
19
Contracts
10
Regulatory
5
New products
5
Capital infusions
4
Asset acquisitions
4
Company announcements
2
4 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

1 companies with recorded IPO activity

Tempus ↗

IPO · NASDAQ1 reports

Leadership moves

7 tracked people moves

Elwood ↗
Michael Abib

Promotion Chief Executive Officer

Elwood ↗
Chris Lawn

Departure Previously Chief Executive Officer

Kamino ↗
Raphael Godoy

Appointment Chief Revenue Officer

Kamino ↗
Gabriel Benevides

Appointment

BCB Group ↗
Tim Renew

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

BCB Group ↗
Oliver Tonkin

Appointment President

Charlotte Proctor-Worrall

Promotion Chief Financial Officer

Regulatory events

5 recorded events

BVNK ↗

granted direct access to SEPA payments schemeEuropean Union

AiX ↗

regulators provided a compliance periodNasdaq

Tempus ↗

approved for saleFDA

not in compliance, subject to regain compliance by 15 Jul 2025Nasdaq Stock Market LLC

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

5companies
28period observations
33.0%median reported growth

Median across 25 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
mastercard→BVNK ↗Announced2026-03-27$1.8B
Zeal→tommyAnnounced2026-02-13Not stated in snapshot
coinbase→BVNK ↗Terminated2025-11-12$2.0B
BCB Group→Coverforce portfolioPending2025-11-05Not stated in snapshot
Robinhood Markets→Bitstamp ↗Completed2025-10-23$200.0M
figment→Rated ↗2025-10-16Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

8 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 14-posting snapshot covers 5 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

No repeated job title is supported by this snapshot.

0 internship postings

11 tracked postings mention remote work.

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 14 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Crypto
14
Blockchain
8
Finance
3
Fintech
2
Rust
2
Distributed Systems
2
E Money Regulations
1
Withdrawals
1
Video Production
1
Scripting
1
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

320 founders and chief executives across 225 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

33 profiles with education records.

University of Oxford
7
London School of Economics and Political Science
5
University of Cambridge
3
Harvard University
3
University College London
2
Bocconi University
2
University of St.Gallen
1
INSEAD
1

Prior employers

7 profiles with prior-work records.

Google
2
Goldman Sachs
2
Cisco
1
Amazon
1
McKinsey
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

12,633 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
12,633articles in the measured year
3,201articles in 2026Q1
72.8%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets coverage tagged London · articles per complete quarter

01,2182,4353,6534,8702021Q2: 3,1272021Q22021Q3: 3,3932021Q4: 2,6812022Q1: 3,8312022Q2: 3,7342022Q22022Q3: 3,2942022Q4: 3,7172023Q1: 3,6042023Q2: 3,4342023Q22023Q3: 3,4012023Q4: 3,4352024Q1: 4,2352024Q2: 3,4682024Q22024Q3: 3,2652024Q4: 3,9492025Q1: 3,7212025Q2: 3,5302025Q22025Q3: 3,5142025Q4: 3,4452026Q1: 3,2012026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q23,127
2021Q33,393
2021Q42,681
2022Q13,831
2022Q23,734
2022Q33,294
2022Q43,717
2023Q13,604
2023Q23,434
2023Q33,401
2023Q43,435
2024Q14,235
2024Q23,468
2024Q33,265
2024Q43,949
2025Q13,721
2025Q23,530
2025Q33,514
2025Q43,445
2026Q13,201

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
7,417 positive · 72 neutral · 2,363 negative
2022
10,161 positive · 115 neutral · 4,293 negative
2023
9,855 positive · 114 neutral · 3,898 negative
2024
11,002 positive · 144 neutral · 3,758 negative
2025
10,331 positive · 266 neutral · 3,598 negative

Leading coverage topics

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets coverage tagged London · ranked by full-period article count.

Cryptocurrency Impact On Forex Markets35,703 articles in the full recorded period
8,751 recent · 7,526 prior
Macroeconomic Indicators In Forex Analysis10,635 articles in the full recorded period
1,766 recent · 3,099 prior
Regulatory Compliance In Foreign Exchange Trading10,154 articles in the full recorded period
2,906 recent · 1,587 prior
Central Bank Monetary Policies Impacting Forex9,560 articles in the full recorded period
1,492 recent · 2,543 prior
Major Currency Pair Trading (E.G., Eur/Usd, Usd/Jpy)9,367 articles in the full recorded period
2,263 recent · 2,202 prior
Interest Rate Decisions And Impacts9,268 articles in the full recorded period
2,362 recent · 1,842 prior
Geopolitical Events And Forex Fluctuations8,754 articles in the full recorded period
1,381 recent · 2,730 prior
Economic Indicators (Gdp, Cpi, Unemployment)8,753 articles in the full recorded period
1,842 recent · 1,924 prior
Impact Of Trade Balances On Exchange Rates8,342 articles in the full recorded period
1,418 recent · 2,424 prior
Central Bank Monetary Policy Announcements8,332 articles in the full recorded period
1,661 recent · 1,738 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United Kingdom comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
exchange rates1,34490449%
stablecoin fx impact1,28980261%
forex liquidity1,222425188%
decentralized forex99067347%
cash market forex955418128%
gold spot price89094847%
vix currency index830347139%
historical volatility forex680351843%
forex chart patterns632154113%
currency board systems39423866%
inflation reports fx1,0662,541-58%
currency intervention policies1,1922,337-49%
sanctions currency effects8401,954-57%
trade deficits fx8491,695-50%
gdp growth forex8771,471-40%

Event and signal lenses

United Kingdom comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

118,833 classified articles

currency intervention policies, inflation reports fx, quantitative easing forex

53.9% critical · 33.4% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

27,155 classified articles

inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies, eur/usd

42.0% critical · 40.4% positive
Rising

Growth

31,728 classified articles

gdp growth forex, inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies

45.5% critical · 38.9% positive

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets coverage tagged London. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Crypto Exchanges and Wallets research is working on

35,070 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
35,070papers
35,070worldwide comparison pool
—India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Descriptive
9,035
Problem-identifying
7,589
Promising
6,567
Breakthrough
5,690
Cautionary
2,830
Comparative
2,189
Critical
1,170

Contribution mix

Empirical
15,226
Methods-led
9,273
Position pieces
4,485
Reviews
4,378
Theoretical
1,708

Tone counts: 28,583 positive · 2,173 neutral · 4,314 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
8,759 papers · 25.0% of this field
  • Cryptocurrency6,149 papers
  • Digital currency1,809 papers
  • Currency1,716 papers
  • Blockchain1,670 papers
  • Computer security1,115 papers
  • Payment1,096 papers
  • Database transaction678 papers
  • Virtual currency639 papers

Landmark: Where Is Current Research on Blockchain Technology?—A Systematic Review

Cautions
2,830 papers · 8.1% of this field
  • Cryptocurrency1,751 papers
  • Digital currency602 papers
  • Volatility539 papers
  • Currency503 papers
  • Blockchain357 papers
  • Sharpe ratio352 papers
  • Payment342 papers
  • Database transaction218 papers

Landmark: Blockchain technology: principles and applications

Opportunities
12,257 papers · 35.0% of this field
  • Cryptocurrency7,959 papers
  • Blockchain2,912 papers
  • Database transaction1,727 papers
  • Computer security1,624 papers
  • Digital currency1,331 papers
  • Currency1,206 papers
  • Payment1,204 papers
  • Volatility668 papers

Landmark: Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts

Leading institutions

National University of Singapore
7,460
Cornell University
5,880
ETH Zurich
5,604
University of Maryland, College Park
4,427
Sun Yat-sen University
4,213
State Street
3,772

Leading researchers

Elli Androulaki
4,485
Loi Luu
4,075
Andrew Miller
4,003
Christian Cachin
3,875
Artem Barger
3,769
Vita Bortnikov
3,769
Konstantinos Christidis
3,769
Zibin Zheng
3,711

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Hawk: The Blockchain Model of Cryptography and Privacy-Preserving Smart Contracts2,164 citations
  • Zerocash: Decentralized Anonymous Payments from Bitcoin1,838 citations
  • On the Fintech Revolution: Interpreting the Forces of Innovation, Disruption, and Transformation in Financial Services1,820 citations
  • Blockchain Revolution: How the Technology Behind Bitcoin Is Changing Money, Business, and the World1,671 citations
  • Algorand1,428 citations

Common problems researchers identify

7,865 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Fundamental Blockchain Security IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Fundamental Blockchain Security Issues

1,161 papers

19.4% of this theme group

Researchers examine core security challenges of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies.

Blockchain (1,033) · Cryptocurrency (877) · Distributed ledger (192) · Computer security (358)

Blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies

Blockchain technology applications, concerns and recommendations for public sector

View research history
YearShare index
20221901.9
20231942.8
20241501.1
20251351.3
Cryptocurrency Economic ViabilityCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Cryptocurrency Economic Viability

1,155 papers

19.2% of this theme group

Studies assess the financial dynamics, investment behavior, and market impact of digital assets.

Cryptocurrency (1,099) · Econometrics (76) · Investment (95) · Portfolio (51)

CRYPTOCURRENCIES: PERSPECTIVES OF A DIGITAL-ECONOMIC PHENOMENON

Implementation and Analysis of Cryptocurrency

View research history
YearShare index
2022958.7
2023964.3
2024617.6
2025774.0
Regulatory and Legal BarriersCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Regulatory and Legal Barriers

1,108 papers

18.5% of this theme group

Papers discuss legislation, compliance, and anti‑money‑laundering concerns surrounding crypto.

Cryptocurrency (1,019) · Legislation (131) · Money laundering (160) · Legislature (75)

Regulatory and Legal Issues in Cryptocurrencies

Crypto Currency Regulation and Law Enforcement Perspectives

View research history
YearShare index
2022142.3
2023139.1
202481.3
2025109.4
Digital Currency Adoption RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Digital Currency Adoption Risks

912 papers

15.2% of this theme group

Analyses focus on the implications of virtual currencies for payments and global finance.

Digital currency (524) · Currency (455) · Payment (269) · Virtual currency (168)

TOWARD A NEW ECONOMY: DIGITAL CURRENCY AND INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT

The Future of Digital Currency: Implications for Global Financial Systems and Trade

View research history
YearShare index
20221436.6
20231413.8
20241397.6
20251553.8
Crypto‑Related CybercrimeCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Crypto‑Related Cybercrime

810 papers

13.5% of this theme group

Research highlights malware, ransomware, and other security threats targeting cryptocurrency users.

Cryptocurrency (583) · Computer security (302) · Malware (35) · Ransomware (21)

Cryptocurrency and crime

Cryptocurrency Security and Privacy Issues: A Research Perspective

View research history
YearShare index
20221660.7
20231684.3
20241232.6
2025678.8
Technical Limitations of Crypto SystemsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Technical Limitations of Crypto Systems

515 papers

8.6% of this theme group

Works explore functional challenges and design constraints of Bitcoin and similar platforms.

Cryptocurrency (413) · Currency (141) · Digital currency (135) · Virtual currency (78)

Bitcoin and Cryptocurrency: Challenges, Opportunities and Future Works

Research on the Features and Functions of Bitcoin and Digital Currencies

View research history
YearShare index
2022471.9
2023474.6
2024333.4
2025399.1
Central Bank Digital Currency ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Central Bank Digital Currency Challenges

339 papers

5.7% of this theme group

Studies investigate policy, implementation, and systemic issues of state‑issued digital money.

Central bank (121) · Digital currency (307) · Currency (230) · Financial system (51)

Central Banks and Digital Currencies

U.S. Central Bank Digital Currency: Benefits and Challenges to Policy Implementation

View research history
YearShare index
2022475.6
2023480.7
2024338.3
2025407.6

Cautions

2,291 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Volatility and Market StabilityCautions · 01

Volatility and Market Stability

439 papers

19.2% of this theme group

Researchers caution about price swings and risk exposure in crypto‑linked portfolios.

Cryptocurrency (398) · Econometrics (105) · Volatility (152) · Portfolio (73)

Cryptocurrency in global dynamics: Analyzing the Crypto Volatility Index and financial markets with machine learning

Cryptocurrencies and Financial Markets: Assessing Volatility, Risk, and Regulation

View research history
YearShare index
2022738.9
2023721.1
2024425.0
2025548.6
Economic Limits of Crypto PaymentsCautions · 02

Economic Limits of Crypto Payments

436 papers

19.0% of this theme group

Analyses question the scalability and practical constraints of digital currencies in commerce.

Cryptocurrency (405) · Virtual currency (60) · Currency (98) · Commerce (42)

Cryptocurrencies and Blockchain: Opportunities and Limits of a New Monetary Regime

The Economics of Cryptocurrencies - Bitcoin and Beyond

View research history
YearShare index
20221021.9
20231022.4
2024835.4
2025689.9
Protocol Safety and Transaction IntegrityCautions · 03

Protocol Safety and Transaction Integrity

377 papers

16.5% of this theme group

Papers evaluate security of proof‑of‑work and database transaction mechanisms.

Cryptocurrency (303) · Computer security (105) · Database transaction (67) · Proof-of-work system (20)

Safety analysis of Bitcoin improvement proposals

Analyzing Bitcoin Blockchain Data: Insights, Coefficients and Model Adequacy

View research history
YearShare index
20221766.3
20231778.1
20241293.5
2025866.0
Transparency and Governance ConcernsCautions · 04

Transparency and Governance Concerns

326 papers

14.2% of this theme group

Research addresses the need for clearer oversight and auditability in blockchain systems.

Blockchain (277) · Distributed ledger (55) · Cryptocurrency (228) · Transparency (43)

Review on Blockchain Technology

Leveraging Blockchain Technology to Strengthen Cybersecurity in Financial Transactions: A Comprehensive Analysis

View research history
YearShare index
2022978.1
20231057.8
20241004.5
20251120.7
Integration with Existing Payment InfrastructureCautions · 05

Integration with Existing Payment Infrastructure

323 papers

14.1% of this theme group

Studies examine hurdles of merging digital currencies with current financial and mobile payment networks.

Digital currency (169) · Currency (152) · Payment (120) · Mobile payment (38)

IMPLEMENTATION OF NATIONAL DIGITAL CURRENCIES: POTENTIAL IMPACT ON THE FINANCIAL SYSTEM AND PROSPECTS FOR INTEGRATION WITH INTERNATIONAL PAY

Exploring the Economic Impact of Digital Currencies on Traditional Financial Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

View research history
YearShare index
20221436.6
20231413.8
20241397.6
20251553.8
Monetary Policy Implications of CBDCsCautions · 06

Monetary Policy Implications of CBDCs

266 papers

11.6% of this theme group

Works discuss how central bank digital currencies could affect traditional policy tools.

Digital currency (242) · Central bank (83) · Currency (154) · Monetary policy (66)

Central bank digital currency

The Adoption of Central Bank Digital Currency

View research history
YearShare index
2022475.6
2023480.7
2024338.3
2025407.6
Risk Metrics for Crypto InvestmentsCautions · 07

Risk Metrics for Crypto Investments

124 papers

5.4% of this theme group

Analyses focus on Sharpe ratios, volatility modeling, and technical‑analysis reliability.

Sharpe ratio (121) · Volatility (122) · Technical analysis (28) · Security token (29)

KEY Cryptocurrency Deep Dive: Volatility, Risk‑Adjusted Returns & Outlook (2022‑2025)

FOR Cryptocurrency Deep Dive: Trends, Volatility, and Outlook (2022‑2025)

View research history
YearShare index
202241.0
202345.8
202429.0
202595.5

Opportunities

10,655 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Secure and Transparent Blockchain ApplicationsOpportunities · 01

Secure and Transparent Blockchain Applications

1,359 papers

22.6% of this theme group

Research highlights advances that improve privacy, security, and auditability of distributed ledgers.

Blockchain (1,203) · Cryptocurrency (836) · Computer security (407) · Transparency (161)

On The Scalability of Blockchain Systems

Blockchain technology for optimizing security and privacy in distributed systems

View research history
YearShare index
20221902.3
20231943.1
20241501.5
20251349.8
Innovative Consensus and Cross‑Chain ProtocolsOpportunities · 02

Innovative Consensus and Cross‑Chain Protocols

903 papers

15.1% of this theme group

Papers propose new proof‑of‑work designs and mechanisms for interoperable blockchain networks.

Proof-of-work system (153) · Protocol (147) · Cryptocurrency (571) · Computer security (314)

Cross-chain Transactions

StrongChain: Transparent and Collaborative Proof-of-Work Consensus

View research history
YearShare index
20221653.3
20231679.6
20241226.7
2025661.4
Human‑Centric Crypto AdoptionOpportunities · 03

Human‑Centric Crypto Adoption

902 papers

15.0% of this theme group

Studies explore user risk perception, investment behavior, and societal impacts of digital assets.

Cryptocurrency (851) · Computer security (151) · Humanities (32) · Investment (61)

Individual Risk Perception and Choice using Cryptocurrency for Transactions

Cryptocurrencies: assessment of the impact on economic security and possible ways of regulation (using the example of Bitcoin)

View research history
YearShare index
20222007.3
20232037.6
20241482.3
2025928.2
Advanced Volatility Modeling TechniquesOpportunities · 04

Advanced Volatility Modeling Techniques

803 papers

13.4% of this theme group

Research develops stochastic and econometric methods to forecast crypto price dynamics.

Volatility (240) · Cryptocurrency (698) · Econometrics (212) · Portfolio (127)

Volatility estimation through stochastic processes: Evidence from cryptocurrencies

<b>Data Availability for paper research((</b><b>The Reflection of Cryptocurrencies Prices Volatility on US Financial Markets as a Factor in

View research history
YearShare index
2022738.9
2023721.1
2024425.0
2025548.6
Machine‑Learning Price PredictionOpportunities · 05

Machine‑Learning Price Prediction

730 papers

12.2% of this theme group

Works apply deep learning and sentiment analysis to improve cryptocurrency price forecasts.

Cryptocurrency (662) · Econometrics (143) · Sentiment analysis (71) · Time series (43)

Predicting Crypto Currency Prices Using Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques

Predictive Modeling of Cryptocurrency Prices Using Machine Learning Algorithms

View research history
YearShare index
2022357.2
2023336.0
2024183.6
202588.1
AI‑Driven Fraud and Money‑Laundering DetectionOpportunities · 06

AI‑Driven Fraud and Money‑Laundering Detection

679 papers

11.3% of this theme group

Papers present graph‑based and anomaly‑detection models for illicit blockchain transactions.

Database transaction (384) · Cryptocurrency (469) · Money laundering (63) · Anomaly detection (45)

Fraud Detection in Blockchains using Machine Learning

A graph-based deep learning approach for illegal transaction detection in Bitcoin.

View research history
YearShare index
2022259.3
2023241.6
2024129.1
2025260.3
Financial Inclusion via Digital CurrenciesOpportunities · 07

Financial Inclusion via Digital Currencies

624 papers

10.4% of this theme group

Research investigates how central bank digital currencies can broaden access to financial services.

Digital currency (397) · Currency (317) · Payment (209) · Financial inclusion (59)

Revolutionizing Digital Financial Inclusion With Central Bank Digital Currencies

Digital Transformation of Money: Exploring the Economic Implications of Central Bank Digital Currencies and Blockchain

View research history
YearShare index
20221436.6
20231413.8
20241397.6
20251553.8

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Descriptive25.8%17.4%
Problem-identifying21.6%9.7%
Promising18.7%38.1%
Breakthrough16.2%25.4%
Cautionary8.1%4.5%
Comparative6.2%4.0%
Critical3.3%1.0%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceA Survey on Security and Privacy Issues of Bitcoin1,8536.15%800 (43.2%)6.15%
Concentration of compute powerAssessing the Impact of Central Bank Digital Currency on Private Banks1070.35%59 (55.1%)0.35%
Safety & misuseTo the moon: defining and detecting cryptocurrency pump-and-dumps420.14%22 (52.4%)0.14%
Bias & fairnessToward Fairness of Cryptocurrency Payments250.08%9 (36.0%)0.08%
Labour & data workTaxation of Cryptocurrencies with Income Tax and Corporate Income Tax120.04%4 (33.3%)0.04%
Energy & datacenter footprintIs the Energy-Hungry Bitcoin Beneficial for Portfolio Risk Reduction?100.03%1 (10.0%)0.03%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainPower Consumption And E-Waste of Cryptocurrency Mining30.01%3 (100.0%)0.01%
Carbon & emissions of computeCarbon-Neutral Distributed Ledger20.01%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Water useHeat Recovery from Cryptocurrency Mining by Liquid Cooling Technology10.0%0 (0.0%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Crypto Exchanges and Wallets in London: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

KEEP EXPLORING

Put London in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 2 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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