Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE LONDON EDITION 2026

London’s
cybersecurity industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping cybersecurity in London. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Cybersecurity Industry Landscape of London
GB
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Cybersecurity illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore London’s cybersecurity leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Cybersecurity company highlights in London, snapshot 1 September 2026
Company
Quantexaquantexa.com$546.08M5 roles552
Mimecastmimecast.com$260.94M10 roles79,693
Onfidoonfido.com$248.93M516
Behavoxbehavox.com$238.6M6 roles144Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Ellipticelliptic.co$224.31M7 roles80Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Privitarprivitar.com$174.4M147
ComplyAdvantagecomplyadvantage.com$167.21M4 roles31Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Kapekape.com$115M850
Sumsubsumsub.com7 roles7
SECQAIsecqai.com4 roles
RegTracregtrac.com3 roles
CaptionHubcaptionhub.com3
CoProxycoproxy.io
CybSafecybsafe.com4$6.28MFYFY2024 filing
DynaRiskdynarisk.com14
Egressegress.com252
Elementelement.io128
Keylesskeyless.io15
LoopUploopup.com200
Matrixmatrix.org5
Microblinkmicroblink.com230
PSRpsr.org.uk106
RedCompass Labsredcompasslabs.com138
Ripjarripjar.com95Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

Cybersecurity industry KPIs in London

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

1 September 2026
Hiring participation4.1%

30 of 739 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation27.7%

205 of 739 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share25.4%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$2.2M

Midpoint of 402 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 25.4% of disclosed capital, while 72.3% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How London cybersecurity has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

London cybersecurity
$0$237.05M$474.09M$711.14M$948.19M2016: $118.09M20162017: $223.19M20172018: $272.36M20182019: $319.07M20192020: $831.74M20202021: $567.29M20212022: $420.86M20222023: $392.85M20232024: $198.86M20242025: $369.07M2025
View the numbers
Annual cybersecurity funding and company formation in London
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$118.09M5325
2017$223.19M5935
2018$272.36M6035
2019$319.07M6535
2020$831.74M7247
2021$567.29M3745
2022$420.86M3628
2023$392.85M3837
2024$198.86M3328
2025$369.07M1320
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Quantexa13.1%
  • Mimecast6.3%
  • Onfido6.0%
  • Other companies74.6%

Funding by stage

461 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel255 55.3%
Series A–B145 31.5%
Series C+ / PE25 5.4%
Grants, debt & other36 7.8%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
5 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series D05/2026
Elliptic $120M

Backed by One Peak and Nasdaq and others.

Series A03/2026
Tracebit $20M

Backed by FirstMark and Accel and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
GBP · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 3 reporting entities from 313 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not London market sales.

Net profit / loss

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities

None of 3 covered entities.

Top-five concentration

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 3 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

3 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
LONDON · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does cybersecurity compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the London companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

18 of the 739 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (2.4%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 164,316 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Yotiyoti.com16,804,6764978.4%
TryHackMetryhackme.com6,646,5685414.4%
Sumsubsumsub.com4,470,5694467.1%
Onfidoonfido.com3,005,5063295.6%
Hide My Ass!hidemyass.com456,0585452.5%
CoProxycoproxy.io272,4054355.8%
PasswordMonsterpasswordmonster.com200,7284356.5%
Contrastgetcontrast.io197,7823525.2%
ZeroSSLzerossl.com185,144409.8%
Cordcord.com143,4883523.5%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

86 of these companies (11.6%) publish at least one Android app — 132 apps in all, carrying 81.8M installs between them.

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2024Q1–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Cybersecurity13281.8Mv2RayTun 18.8M
Regtech2512.9MYoti - your digital identity 11.6M
Image Recognition2012.8MIDsafe: ID & passport scanner 795.9K
Ai Infrastructure711.8MPopFaces-Recognize celebrities 205.5K
Enterprise Collaboration254.1MElement Classic 2.6M
Communication Apps44.1MSimpleX Chat 877.4K
Blockchain Infrastructure33.2MElement X - Secure Chat & Call 625.3K
Security & Surveillance Technology261.3MVeridiumID 205.3K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q2: 32023Q2: 12023Q22023Q3: 32023Q3: 12023Q32023Q4: 32023Q4: 52023Q42024Q1: 12024Q1: 12024Q12024Q2: 32024Q2: 22024Q22024Q3: 42024Q3: 42024Q32024Q4: 52024Q4: 12024Q42025Q1: 32025Q1: 32025Q12025Q2: 12025Q2: 12025Q22025Q3: 22025Q3: 92025Q32025Q4: 102025Q4: 202025Q42026Q1: 62026Q1: 182026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 126 of 132 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The London cybersecurity market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech686
Enterprise software561
Saas368
Fintech157
Consumer digital107
Anti fraud management102
Biometric access control71
Enterprise communication70
Fintech saas64
Future of work63
Facial recognition software62
Remote work tools55

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

686companies
4.4%have hiring activity

30 companies hiring · $3.95B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription654
Fee-for-service64
Commission on transaction38
E-commerce - service33
Advertising31
E-commerce - product10
Physical commerce4
Freemium2
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionscable.tech ↗

Synctera has acquired Cable, a financial automated control testing software specialist, in a tech M&A deal.

Funding roundstracebit.com ↗

Tracebit has now raised a total of $25.0M in total equity funding and is backed by Accel, Cyber Club London, FirstMark, MMC Ventures, and Tapestry VC.

Mergers & acquisitionsarcocyber.com ↗

Sophos has acquired UK-based Arco Cyber.

Funding roundsthreataware.com ↗

Read Also - London-Based ThreatAware Raises $25M Funding Round Led By One Peak

Funding roundskeyless.io ↗

London-based Keyless, which announced a €1.9 million round focused on privacy-preserving biometric authentication.

Mergers & acquisitionsmetacompliance.com ↗

Keensight Capital-backed MetaCompliance has acquired Junglemap to expand its capabilities in security and compliance awareness training.

Mergers & acquisitionsnorthrow.com ↗

ID-Pal has acquired NorthRow, the Know Your Business specialist, in a move designed to bolster compliance capabilities across KYC, KYB and AML screening workflows.

Mergers & acquisitionssteel-eye.com ↗

FundApps and SteelEye have announced a definitive agreement to merge

Funding roundsumony.com ↗

Umony, a London, UK–based AI-powered financial services communications compliance platform, has raised $15 million in Series A funding.

Full recorded event mix

Top 9 categories among 167 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Leadership moves
46
Funding rounds
32
Mergers & acquisitions
32
New products
26
Contracts
12
Earnings
11
Capital infusions
3
Regulatory
3
Company announcements
2
4 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Leadership moves

22 tracked people moves

Napier ↗
Simon Krelle

Appointment director of global client services

Napier ↗
Charlotte Bass

Appointment head of PR

PSR ↗
David Lymburn

Appointment Interim Deputy Managing Director

Mimecast ↗
Christelle Hicklin

Promotion Customer Experience Director

Mimecast ↗
Amol Kulkarni

Appointment Director

Mimecast ↗
Rob Juncker

Appointment Chief Product Officer

Ripjar ↗
Matt Mills

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Ripjar ↗
Tom Obermaier

Departure Previously Chief Executive Officer

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Cytora ↗
The Warren Group property intelligence integration

Data Enrichment

Oasis Software as a Service Limited (Oasis SaaS)

Catastrophe modelling platform

Quantexa ↗
Quantexa Accelerator for Decision Intelligence for Guidewire ClaimCenter

Decision Intelligence

Ripjar ↗
Screening Assistant™

Compliance and risk screening AI tool

Contract wins

10 recorded customer wins

Behavox ↗

Customer: lloyds banking groupFinancial services

Behavox ↗

Customer: Cerberus Capital Management, L.P.

Customer: Cyber-security, Governance, Risk and Compliance market

Arqit ↗

Customer: government end usergovernment

Silobreaker ↗

Customer: crown commercial servicePublic sector

Silobreaker ↗

Customer: UK public sectorSecurity and threat intelligence technology

Regulatory events

1 recorded events

Mimecast ↗

fined for misleading disclosuresSecurities and Exchange Commission

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
syncteraCable ↗2026-04-18Not stated in snapshot
sophosArco Cyber ↗Announced2026-03-09Not stated in snapshot
stgGresham ↗Announced2026-01-13Not stated in snapshot
GreshamalveoCompleted2026-01-13Not stated in snapshot
GreshamS&P Global’s enterprise data management businessCompleted2026-01-12Not stated in snapshot
Technical ID-PalNorthRow ↗Announced2026-01-06Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

7 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 14-posting snapshot covers 14 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

No repeated job title is supported by this snapshot.

4 internship postings

0 tracked postings mention remote work.

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 14 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Cybersecurity
7
Network Security
4
Information Security
3
Iso 27001
3
Soc2
2
Identity
2
Change Management
2
Zero Trust
2
Sharepoint
1
Risk Registers
1
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

495 founders and chief executives across 354 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

93 profiles with education records.

University of Cambridge
17
Imperial College London
15
University of Oxford
10
University of Warwick
7
University College London
5
INSEAD
5
University of Bristol
5
Wharton School
3

Prior employers

15 profiles with prior-work records.

Google
4
McKinsey
3
Microsoft
3
Facebook
1
Boston Consulting Group
1
eBay
1
Cisco
1
Amazon
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

10,564 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
10,564articles in the measured year
2,682articles in 2026Q1
67.5%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Cybersecurity coverage tagged London · articles per complete quarter

01,2362,4713,7074,9432021Q2: 1,9212021Q22021Q3: 2,3932021Q4: 1,7982022Q1: 2,4032022Q2: 2,0292022Q22022Q3: 1,9632022Q4: 2,1132023Q1: 2,3152023Q2: 2,4642023Q22023Q3: 2,4552023Q4: 2,6362024Q1: 2,8822024Q2: 2,7772024Q22024Q3: 3,8842024Q4: 2,7312025Q1: 4,2982025Q2: 2,4062025Q22025Q3: 2,9042025Q4: 2,7282026Q1: 2,6822026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q21,921
2021Q32,393
2021Q41,798
2022Q12,403
2022Q22,029
2022Q31,963
2022Q42,113
2023Q12,315
2023Q22,464
2023Q32,455
2023Q42,636
2024Q12,882
2024Q22,777
2024Q33,884
2024Q42,731
2025Q14,298
2025Q22,406
2025Q32,904
2025Q42,728
2026Q12,682

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
4,508 positive · 44 neutral · 2,082 negative
2022
5,574 positive · 63 neutral · 2,866 negative
2023
6,513 positive · 46 neutral · 3,306 negative
2024
7,213 positive · 63 neutral · 4,987 negative
2025
8,320 positive · 74 neutral · 3,930 negative

Leading coverage topics

Cybersecurity coverage tagged London · ranked by full-period article count.

Cryptocurrency Impact On Forex Markets4,063 articles in the full recorded period
1,265 recent · 671 prior
Technology Adoption And Digital Transformation3,682 articles in the full recorded period
944 recent · 807 prior
Strategic Partnerships And Collaborations3,649 articles in the full recorded period
932 recent · 802 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations3,414 articles in the full recorded period
896 recent · 739 prior
Cybercrime Laws And Digital Forensics3,169 articles in the full recorded period
870 recent · 808 prior
Executive Leadership Changes And Appointments2,544 articles in the full recorded period
570 recent · 512 prior
Cybersecurity Threats And Solutions2,153 articles in the full recorded period
648 recent · 624 prior
Public Safety And Crime Incident Reports1,889 articles in the full recorded period
381 recent · 341 prior
Industry Awards And Recognition Announcements1,680 articles in the full recorded period
356 recent · 381 prior
Security And Defense Policies1,552 articles in the full recorded period
373 recent · 295 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United Kingdom comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
vulnerability intelligence17912444%
stablecoin fx impact16244268%
decentralized forex1378463%
privacy policies136101260%
ransomware incidents1367679%
threat feed integration1238250%
embezzlement investigations10740168%
trafficking prosecutions9837165%
aviation security checks9121333%
cyber espionage915857%
cloud firewall41152-73%
cloud-native firewalls32140-77%
cloud security groups80137-42%
scam awareness initiatives60136-56%
scam avoidance resources51124-59%

Event and signal lenses

United Kingdom comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

77,029 classified articles

ai regulation compliance, responsible ai, computer fraud statutes

52.1% critical · 38.2% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

14,249 classified articles

neural network ventures, cross-border aerospace deals, private equity aerospace

43.4% critical · 53.7% positive
Rising

Growth

26,445 classified articles

business partnership, new executive, stock performance

35.9% critical · 56.5% positive

Cybersecurity coverage tagged London. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Cybersecurity research is working on

41,368 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
41,368papers
41,368worldwide comparison pool
India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Promising
15,080
Breakthrough
11,781
Problem-identifying
6,534
Descriptive
5,229
Comparative
1,640
Cautionary
957
Critical
147

Contribution mix

Methods-led
27,319
Empirical
6,868
Reviews
4,217
Position pieces
2,377
Theoretical
587

Tone counts: 34,043 positive · 2,274 neutral · 5,051 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
6,681 papers · 16.2% of this field
  • Computer security2,863 papers
  • Network security2,066 papers
  • Intrusion detection system924 papers
  • Denial-of-service attack470 papers
  • Information security454 papers
  • Security service450 papers
  • Firewall355 papers
  • Network Access Control348 papers

Landmark: A Deep Learning Approach for Network Intrusion Detection System

Cautions
957 papers · 2.3% of this field
  • Computer security192 papers
  • Network security174 papers
  • Intrusion detection system161 papers
  • Network packet79 papers
  • Denial-of-service attack79 papers
  • Malware64 papers
  • Exploit60 papers
  • Firewall57 papers

Landmark: On the effectiveness of machine and deep learning for cyber security

Opportunities
26,861 papers · 64.9% of this field
  • Intrusion detection system8,441 papers
  • Network security6,168 papers
  • Computer security4,770 papers
  • Denial-of-service attack2,618 papers
  • Network packet2,161 papers
  • Anomaly detection2,006 papers
  • Computer network1,660 papers
  • Scalability1,479 papers

Landmark: N-BaIoT—Network-Based Detection of IoT Botnet Attacks Using Deep Autoencoders

Leading institutions

Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
3,267
Georgia Institute of Technology
2,489
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2,012
King Abdulaziz University
1,969
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
1,886
Xidian University
1,577

Leading researchers

Guofei Gu
2,224
Tansu Alpcan
1,560
Roberto Perdisci
1,533
Quamar Niyaz
1,458
Weiqing Sun
1,439
Wenke Lee
1,421
Ahmad Y. Javaid
1,413
Nick Feamster
1,346

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • N-BaIoT—Network-Based Detection of IoT Botnet Attacks Using Deep Autoencoders1,284 citations
  • BotMiner: clustering analysis of network traffic for protocol- and structure-independent botnet detection1,021 citations
  • Intrusion Detection System Using Deep Neural Network for In-Vehicle Network Security653 citations
  • Building an Intrusion Detection System Using a Filter-Based Feature Selection Algorithm619 citations
  • ZMap: fast internet-wide scanning and its security applications582 citations

Common problems researchers identify

6,106 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Wireless Network Security GapsCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Wireless Network Security Gaps

1,543 papers

25.7% of this theme group

Researchers highlight weaknesses in wireless protocols and the need for stronger protection mechanisms.

Computer security (450) · Wireless network (133) · Network security (396) · Computer network (159)

The Analysis of Wireless Network Security Protocol and Solution

Security in wireless networks

View research history
YearShare index
20221303.1
20231236.3
20241017.8
2025722.3
Malware and Exploit VulnerabilitiesCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Malware and Exploit Vulnerabilities

1,361 papers

22.7% of this theme group

Papers discuss persistent malware threats and gaps in host and network exploit defenses.

Computer security (520) · Malware (128) · Network security (429) · Exploit (110)

Penetration Testing: A Roadmap to Network Security

An Improved Model for Analysis of Host Network Vulnerability

View research history
YearShare index
2022622.4
2023628.1
2024491.0
2025653.2
Network Policy and Access Control IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Network Policy and Access Control Issues

1,358 papers

22.6% of this theme group

Studies expose flaws in security policies and access control implementations across computer networks.

Computer security (1,117) · Network security (935) · Network security policy (242) · Network Access Control (232)

Research on Security Issues and Protection Strategy of Computer Network

Analysis on the Situation and Protection of Computer Network Information Security

View research history
YearShare index
2022232.7
2023252.6
2024226.3
2025287.2
Intrusion Detection and Prevention ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Intrusion Detection and Prevention Challenges

788 papers

13.1% of this theme group

Works examine limitations of current IDS/IPS technologies and the difficulty of detecting anomalies.

Intrusion detection system (751) · Intrusion prevention system (138) · Intrusion (160) · Anomaly-based intrusion detection system (95)

An In-Depth Analysis of Network Security: Intrusion Detection and Prevention Systems

Application of Intrusion Detection Technology in Network Security

View research history
YearShare index
2022204.7
2023223.9
2024224.0
2025387.5
Distributed Denial‑of‑Service ThreatsCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Distributed Denial‑of‑Service Threats

394 papers

6.6% of this theme group

Research points to ongoing DDoS attacks and the need for more resilient mitigation strategies.

Denial-of-service attack (375) · Application layer DDoS attack (76) · Trinoo (54) · Computer security (161)

A Review on Distributed Denial of Service Attack

Detection and Analysis of Distributed Denial of Service attack on Software Defined Network

View research history
YearShare index
2022141.9
2023134.8
2024109.6
2025144.1
Campus Network Security WeaknessesCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Campus Network Security Weaknesses

361 papers

6.0% of this theme group

Analyses reveal specific security problems affecting university and campus network environments.

Campus network (171) · Computer security (279) · Network security (254) · Network security policy (77)

The problems in campus network information security and its solutions

Research on Network Security of Campus Network

View research history
YearShare index
2022231.0
2023249.2
2024224.6
2025283.2
Historical Security ContextsCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Historical Security Contexts

195 papers

3.2% of this theme group

Papers explore past security concepts and their relevance to modern cyber defense.

Computer security (148) · History (17) · Peninsula (9) · Ancient history (9)

DMZ 평화적 이용 방안 연구

DMZ의 지속가능한 평화적 이용과 발전 방안

View research history
YearShare index
2022144.1
2023133.2
2024125.7
202572.5

Cautions

844 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Foundational Network Security ConcernsCautions · 01

Foundational Network Security Concerns

179 papers

21.2% of this theme group

Authors caution about basic design flaws in network and access control architectures.

Computer security (97) · Network security (84) · Computer network (36) · Network Access Control (18)

Introduction to Computer and Network Security

Research on network information security model and system construction

View research history
YearShare index
20221291.3
20231227.9
20241012.0
2025713.2
IoT Encryption and Authentication RisksCautions · 02

IoT Encryption and Authentication Risks

150 papers

17.8% of this theme group

Studies warn of weak encryption and authentication practices in Internet‑of‑Things deployments.

Encryption (21) · Cryptography (14) · Authentication (15) · Internet of Things (14)

Enhancing Routing Security in IoT: Performance Evaluation of RPL’s Secure Mode Under Attacks

A Security Vulnerability Analysisof Internet Protocol Cameras

View research history
YearShare index
20221085.2
20231064.5
2024914.8
20251312.1
Domain Name System Privacy IssuesCautions · 03

Domain Name System Privacy Issues

129 papers

15.3% of this theme group

Research highlights anonymity gaps and potential exploits within DNS traffic.

Anonymity (17) · Domain Name System (10) · Encryption (18) · Private network (8)

STING: A Stealthy Backdoor Attack on GNN-Based Malicious Domain Detection via DNS Perturbations

ANALYZING DNS TRAFFIC FOR ENHANCED NETWORK SECURITY AND PERFORMANCE

View research history
YearShare index
2022825.9
2023808.9
2024594.3
2025794.1
Machine‑Learning IDS ReliabilityCautions · 04

Machine‑Learning IDS Reliability

126 papers

14.9% of this theme group

Works caution that ML‑based intrusion detection may suffer from false positives and model drift.

Intrusion detection system (119) · Intrusion (17) · Anomaly-based intrusion detection system (15) · Intrusion prevention system (14)

A Comprehensive Study on Machine Learning Algorithms for Intrusion Detection System

<b>Network Intrusion Detection Enhancement Using Machine Learning: A Systematic Literature Review</b>

View research history
YearShare index
2022204.6
2023223.9
2024223.9
2025387.7
Malware and Botnet Defense LimitsCautions · 05

Malware and Botnet Defense Limits

114 papers

13.5% of this theme group

Papers point out shortcomings in current honeypot and botnet mitigation techniques.

Malware (28) · Honeypot (14) · Botnet (13) · Compromise (7)

Analysis of Reversible Network Covert Channels

Peer-to-Peer botnets: Analysis and defense

View research history
YearShare index
2022244.5
2023243.6
2024241.4
2025323.4
Application‑Layer DDoS Detection GapsCautions · 06

Application‑Layer DDoS Detection Gaps

76 papers

9.0% of this theme group

Research warns that existing methods often miss sophisticated application‑layer flooding attacks.

Denial-of-service attack (65) · Application layer DDoS attack (12) · Spoofing attack (13) · Computer security (23)

DDoS Attacks on Software Defined Network: Challenges and Issues

DDoSDet: An approach to Detect DDoS attacks using Neural Networks

View research history
YearShare index
2022187.9
2023180.9
2024144.9
2025186.4
Adversarial Machine‑Learning ThreatsCautions · 07

Adversarial Machine‑Learning Threats

70 papers

8.3% of this theme group

Studies caution that adversarial attacks can undermine anomaly detection and other ML security tools.

Adversarial system (17) · Adversarial machine learning (7) · Transformative learning (5) · Anomaly detection (11)

Artificial intelligence in network security: Enhancing protection against cyber threats

The Impact of Artificial Intelligence in Finding Network Vulnerabilities

View research history
YearShare index
2022130.9
2023160.8
2024160.6
2025243.9

Opportunities

24,461 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Advanced Authentication and CryptographyOpportunities · 01

Advanced Authentication and Cryptography

1,401 papers

23.4% of this theme group

Opportunities focus on stronger authentication schemes and cryptographic protocols for network protection.

Authentication (142) · Cryptography (104) · Firewall (165) · Computer network (187)

<i>MLSNet:</i> A Policy Complying Multilevel Security Framework for Software Defined Networking

Analisis Keamanan Protokol Secure Socket Layer (SSL) Terhadap Proses\n Sniffing di Jaringan

View research history
YearShare index
2022615.8
2023601.8
2024532.3
2025824.2
Feature‑Rich Intrusion DetectionOpportunities · 02

Feature‑Rich Intrusion Detection

1,291 papers

21.5% of this theme group

Research promotes refined feature selection and data mining to boost intrusion detection effectiveness.

Intrusion detection system (1,254) · Intrusion (120) · Feature selection (123) · Data mining (180)

Review: Machine Learning-Based Network Intrusion Detection System for Enhanced Cyber-security

An Automated Intrusion Detection and Prevention Model for Enhanced Network Security and Threat Assessment

View research history
YearShare index
2022226.6
2023249.8
2024244.3
2025422.6
Security Information and Event ManagementOpportunities · 03

Security Information and Event Management

1,084 papers

18.1% of this theme group

Papers explore integrated models for assessing and predicting network security incidents.

Network security (713) · Computer security (520) · Computer security model (93) · Security information and event management (68)

Research on Network Security Situation Assessment and Prediction

A Network Security Evaluation Model based on Common Criteria

View research history
YearShare index
2022282.7
2023303.3
2024271.7
2025364.5
Malware and Botnet Traffic AnalysisOpportunities · 04

Malware and Botnet Traffic Analysis

1,009 papers

16.8% of this theme group

Works aim to improve detection of malicious traffic through advanced profiling techniques.

Malware (156) · Botnet (108) · Network security (232) · Network packet (104)

Entropy-based profiling of network traffic for detection of security attack

Network Security Threat Detection: Leveraging Machine Learning Algorithms for Effective Prediction

View research history
YearShare index
2022423.1
2023440.1
2024434.8
2025569.5
Anomaly‑Based Detection AdvancesOpportunities · 05

Anomaly‑Based Detection Advances

565 papers

9.4% of this theme group

Studies develop new anomaly detection methods to enhance intrusion detection system performance.

Anomaly detection (392) · Anomaly-based intrusion detection system (198) · Intrusion detection system (379) · Anomaly (65)

Machine learning based network intrusion detection

Network Intrusion Detection System Using Anomaly Detection Techniques

View research history
YearShare index
2022245.0
2023273.5
2024288.9
2025500.6
Machine‑Learning DDoS MitigationOpportunities · 06

Machine‑Learning DDoS Mitigation

444 papers

7.4% of this theme group

Research leverages deep learning to identify and block distributed denial‑of‑service attacks.

Denial-of-service attack (423) · Application layer DDoS attack (105) · Trinoo (42) · Network packet (94)

Towards Detecting Flooding DDOS Attacks Over Software Defined Networks Using Machine Learning Techniques

Detection of Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Cyber Attacks through Deep Learning Neural Network

View research history
YearShare index
2022141.9
2023134.8
2024109.6
2025144.1
Honeypot and Deception StrategiesOpportunities · 07

Honeypot and Deception Strategies

206 papers

3.4% of this theme group

Papers investigate modern honeypot deployments to trap attackers and gather intelligence.

Honeypot (203) · Computer security (106) · Deception (19) · Network security (79)

Implementation of a modern security systems honeypot Honey Network on wireless networks

Application of Honeypot Technology in Network Intrusion Detection System

View research history
YearShare index
2022237.5
2023265.0
2024249.9
2025316.7

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Promising36.5%37.2%
Breakthrough28.5%26.5%
Problem-identifying15.8%9.6%
Descriptive12.6%17.3%
Comparative4.0%4.2%
Cautionary2.3%4.4%
Critical0.4%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceFolk models of home computer security1,2613.39%540 (42.8%)3.39%
Safety & misuseAdversarial Examples Against the Deep Learning Based Network Intrusion Detection Systems3721.0%42 (11.3%)1.0%
Energy & datacenter footprintAI-Driven Green Computing for 6G Network: Improve User Experience and Security130.03%1 (7.7%)0.03%
Concentration of compute powerBuild the "Firewall" of University Network Ideology Security under the 5G Trend70.02%5 (71.4%)0.02%
Bias & fairnessApplication fairness in software defined networking40.01%1 (25.0%)0.01%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainCryptographic Revolution™: The DARK HARVEST GHOST IN THE CODE: A 2017 Architectural Directive on System-Level Resiliency10.0%0 (0.0%)0.0%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

DEMAND, SUPPLY & PLACE

Where demand signals run ahead of mapped supply — London

Compare demand signals in London’s newsflow with the cybersecurity categories mapped to each signal.

Expand panel +
HOW TO READ THE GAP

Signal percentile − supply percentile = gap in percentile points. Positive gaps highlight questions to investigate. A high signal can reflect spending pressure or access friction, as well as potential demand.

The comparison is relative to the signal families on this page. A supply percentile of zero means the lowest relative reading, not zero companies. It is a prioritisation clue, not measured market size or unmet demand.

COMPARISON PERIOD2025-05-01 to 2026-05-01Against 2024-05-01 to 2025-05-01Explore the signals ↓

The opportunity, in one view

Signal and mapped-supply percentiles, their gap, and change in the signal’s article share.

Swipe horizontally to compare all columns →

4 London demand signals compared with mapped cybersecurity supply
Signal familySignal percentileSupply percentileRelative gapGap (points)Signal share vs prior year
Security incidents & breaches ↗Risk Pressure83.30.0+83.3+26.8%
Tech workforce shifts ↗Spending Pressure50.050.0+0.0-1.1%
Cloud & platform build-out ↗Infrastructure Shift41.7100.0-58.3
Data & privacy regulation ↗Compliance Pressure25.0No matching category

Showing all 4 signals. Select a family for its history and mapped categories.

Where the signals are loudest

All 12 city readings for these demand families in the comparison geography. London is highlighted.

Mentions per 10,000 articles

Each city’s reading is a share of its own coverage. Rows cover all of the United Kingdom for this page's signal families; London is marked.

Cambridge85.6

Cloud & platform build-out · Tech workforce shifts · Data & privacy regulation

Cheshire46.4

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches · Cloud & platform build-out

LondonThis page43.3

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches · Cloud & platform build-out

Bolton40.7

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches

Dundee32.1

Security incidents & breaches · Tech workforce shifts

Edinburgh31.4

Tech workforce shifts · Data & privacy regulation · Security incidents & breaches

Blackburn28.5

Tech workforce shifts

Mayfair25.2

Security incidents & breaches · Tech workforce shifts

Brighton23.6

Tech workforce shifts · Data & privacy regulation

Glasgow19.1

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches

Barry18.7

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches

Stone18.6

Tech workforce shifts · Security incidents & breaches

Inside the leading signals

Open any signal for its quarterly history
RISK PRESSURESecurity incidents & breaches+83.3percentile-point gap
THE OPERATING HYPOTHESIS

Breach pressure can push security into every buying decision.

11.4mentions per 10,000 articles+26.8%share change vs prior year

Mapped cybersecurity categories

  • Anti Fraud Management102
  • Biometric Access Control71

Companies can appear in multiple categories; these counts are not a unique-company total.

Quarterly share of London coverage

Mentions per 10,000 articles · zero baseline

061218242024Q3: 142024Q32024Q4: 52024Q42025Q1: 52025Q12025Q2: 112025Q22025Q3: 212025Q32025Q4: 62025Q42026Q1: 62026Q1
View quarterly signal counts
Security incidents & breaches in London coverage
QuarterMentionsPer 10,000 articles
2024Q33714.41
2024Q4125.12
2025Q1145.28
2025Q22811.63
2025Q36421.04
2025Q4156.22
2026Q1196.11

Where this signal concentrates in the comparison geography

SPENDING PRESSURETech workforce shifts+0.0percentile-point gap
THE OPERATING HYPOTHESIS

Hiring, visa and layoff cycles can resize teams — per-seat budgets tend to follow.

19.06mentions per 10,000 articles-1.1%share change vs prior year

Mapped cybersecurity categories

  • Enterprise Communication70
  • Future Of Work63
  • Remote Work Tools55

Companies can appear in multiple categories; these counts are not a unique-company total.

Quarterly share of London coverage

Mentions per 10,000 articles · zero baseline

081623312024Q3: 192024Q32024Q4: 162024Q42025Q1: 272025Q12025Q2: 172025Q22025Q3: 222025Q32025Q4: 142025Q42026Q1: 192026Q1
View quarterly signal counts
Tech workforce shifts in London coverage
QuarterMentionsPer 10,000 articles
2024Q35019.47
2024Q43916.63
2025Q17227.15
2025Q24117.03
2025Q36922.68
2025Q43414.1
2026Q16019.28

Where this signal concentrates in the comparison geography

INFRASTRUCTURE SHIFTCloud & platform build-out-58.3percentile-point gap
THE OPERATING HYPOTHESIS

Cloud and platform build-out can multiply the pipelines and environments a team must manage.

6.32mentions per 10,000 articles

Mapped cybersecurity categories

  • Saas368
  • Fintech Saas64

Companies can appear in multiple categories; these counts are not a unique-company total.

Quarterly share of London coverage

Mentions per 10,000 articles · zero baseline

0369122024Q3: 52024Q32024Q4: 42024Q42025Q1: 32025Q12025Q2: 62025Q22025Q3: 102025Q32025Q4: 62025Q42026Q1: 32026Q1
View quarterly signal counts
Cloud & platform build-out in London coverage
QuarterMentionsPer 10,000 articles
2024Q3155.84
2024Q4104.26
2025Q193.39
2025Q2156.23
2025Q33310.85
2025Q4156.22
2026Q1123.86

Where this signal concentrates in the comparison geography

London6.9 / 10,000
COMPLIANCE PRESSUREData & privacy regulationsupply not mapped
THE OPERATING HYPOTHESIS

Privacy rules can land as engineering requirements — consent, data handling and audit tooling follow.

5.61mentions per 10,000 articles

Mapped cybersecurity categories

This signal has no matching category in the page’s cybersecurity market map, so no supply percentile or gap is assigned.

Quarterly share of London coverage

Mentions per 10,000 articles · zero baseline

03610132024Q3: 52024Q32024Q4: 22024Q42025Q1: 32025Q12025Q2: 42025Q22025Q3: 112025Q32025Q4: 32025Q42026Q1: 32026Q1
View quarterly signal counts
Data & privacy regulation in London coverage
QuarterMentionsPer 10,000 articles
2024Q3135.06
2024Q452.13
2025Q193.39
2025Q2124.99
2025Q33411.18
2025Q493.73
2026Q1103.21

Where this signal concentrates in the comparison geography

London6.3 / 10,000
RESEARCH & CHANGING CONVERSATIONS

Related research and changing coverage

London cybersecurity coverage

Expand panel +

What is growing in this coverage

the United Kingdom coverage of this page's demand families

KeywordRecent articlesPrior articlesShare change
ai hardware483956.2%
ransomware-as-a-service11812321.7%
cloud infrastructure7899-0.0%

Share changes describe coverage in the stated comparison periods, not search demand or market size.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Cybersecurity in London: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 1 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
Coming soon