Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗
London’s
energy tech industry,
in focus.
The companies, capital and talent shaping energy tech in London. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.
MEET THE COMPANIESExplore London’s energy tech leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Expand panel +
Explore London’s energy tech leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Company discovery
Recorded evidence onlyRecently founded independent companies
Recently founded means a recorded 2023–2026 founding year and no recorded parent, acquirer or public-company status. These companies are not labelled startups without that separate classification.
Explore classified startups in Radar ↗Energy Tech industry KPIs in London
A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.
29 of 551 tracked companies have open roles.
197 of 551 tracked companies have a recorded round.
Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.
Midpoint of 529 rounds with a disclosed amount.
Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 51.1% of disclosed capital, while 64.2% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.
Explore the segments →CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATIONHow London energy tech has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
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How London energy tech has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
Disclosed funding by year
Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD
View the numbers
| Year | Funding (USD) | Founded | Raising |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $179.06M | 39 | 25 |
| 2017 | $277.25M | 48 | 28 |
| 2018 | $209.46M | 45 | 32 |
| 2019 | $262.77M | 50 | 37 |
| 2020 | $786.13M | 49 | 42 |
| 2021 | $1.53B | 45 | 48 |
| 2022 | $1.21B | 39 | 54 |
| 2023 | $3.21B | 33 | 47 |
| 2024 | $1.4B | 22 | 32 |
| 2025 | $1.69B | 6 | 31 |
Funding concentration
Share of all disclosed company funding.
- Zenobe27.2%
- Octopus Energy17.4%
- Hometree6.5%
- Other companies48.9%
Funding by stage
594 recorded rounds since 2016
Investors appearing most often
Recorded participation in energy tech company rounds since 2016.
- 01Europa 39 rounds
- 02Gov 19 rounds
- 03Green Angel Ventures 10 rounds
- 04BGF 8 rounds
- 05Clean Growth Fund 6 rounds
- 06FJ Labs 6 rounds
- 07Energy Impact Partners 6 rounds
- 08EIC Fund 6 rounds
- 09Ukri 6 rounds
- 010Founders Factory 5 rounds
Recent recorded rounds
Latest recorded rounds · USDBacked by IQ Capital and Plural and others.
Backed by Samsung Venture Investment and Act Venture Capital and others.
Backed by Carrier.
Backed by KBR.
Largest and notable recorded rounds
Each card is one recorded roundBacked by KKR and Infracapital and others.
Backed by CPP Investments and Generation Investment Management.
Backed by Generation Investment Management and Origin Energy.
Backed by CPP Investments.
Backed by DIF.
Backed by Octopus Energy Generation.
Backed by Tokyo Gas and Origin Energy.
Backed by Infracapital.
Backed by The Scottish National Investment Bank and KIRKBI A/S and others.
Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.
THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITYRevenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
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Revenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.
FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 3 reporting entities from 238 eligible matches.
Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not London market sales.
Combined result for the same cohort.
Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.
The middle covered reporting entity.
None of 3 covered entities.
Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.
Annual account trend
Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.
Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.
Profitability has two perspectives
FY2025 · 3 reporting entities
Open the company accounts
Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.
| Company / reporting entity | Revenue | Net profit / loss | Net margin | Revenue growth | Total assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moixa ↗05631091 | £13.4m | £1.9m | +14.4% | — | — |
| ReSoft ↗02135839 | £0.0m | £-0.0m | -68.4% | — | — |
| H2 NRG ↗07169081 | £0.0m | £0.0m | — | — | — |
Explore full company accounts and filings.
Explore a reporting entity
Choose “View accounts” to inspect an available company preview.
How does energy tech compare?
Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.
| Industry | Covered / eligible | Revenue total | Median revenue | Net profit / loss | Aggregate margin | Profitable share | Overlap |
|---|
Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.
Coverage, calculations & financial sources
Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.
The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.
Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.
Web traffic, app reach and release cadence
How the London companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.
Busiest websites
8 of the 551 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (1.5%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 190,290 visits.
| Company | Monthly visits | Authority | Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|
| Octopus Energyoctopus.energy | 10,554,575 | 63 | 76.3% |
| Pod Energypodenergy.com | 274,763 | 48 | 83.4% |
| Fuse Energyfuseenergy.com | 261,930 | 38 | 42.2% |
| Bike Clubbikeclub.com | 212,406 | 38 | 95.8% |
| bp pulsebppulse.com | 168,174 | 43 | 87.9% |
| Sunsavesunsave.energy | 103,697 | 38 | 79.2% |
| GreenMatchgreenmatch.co.uk | 93,460 | 48 | 37.8% |
| Shell Rechargeshellrecharge.com | 65,818 | 40 | 81.4% |
Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.
Most-installed apps
65 of these companies (11.8%) publish at least one Android app — 180 apps in all, carrying 6.4M installs between them.
| App | Installs | Rating | Store category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Octopus EnergyOctopus Energy | 3.9M | 3.7 | House & Home |
| Pod PointPOD Point | 781.5K | 2.5 | Maps & Navigation |
| OVO ChargeBonnet | 292.3K | — | Auto & Vehicles |
| Forest - eBike SharingHumanForest | 283.5K | 4.7 | Travel & Local |
| Fuse EnergyFuse Energy | 156.8K | — | House & Home |
| ev.energy: Home EV ChargingEv.energy | 123K | 4.4 | Auto & Vehicles |
| PetrosPetros | 112.4K | — | Lifestyle |
| Connected KerbConnected Kerb | 106K | — | Auto & Vehicles |
| ChargedUpChargedUp | 78.4K | 4.1 | Entertainment |
| Arthur OccupantArthur | 62.7K | — | Business |
Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.
App reach by segment
The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2024Q1–2026Q2).
| Segment | Apps | Installs | Leading app | Release trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Smart Grid | 10 | 4.1M | Octopus Energy 3.9M | |
| Electric Vehicles | 39 | 2M | Pod Point 781.5K | |
| Energy Storage Tech | 37 | 1.6M | OVO Charge 292.3K | |
| Road Transport Tech | 3 | 299K | Forest - eBike Sharing 283.5K | |
| Energy Efficiency Tech | 124 | 265.2K | Arthur Occupant 62.7K | |
| Facility Management Tech | 121 | 264.5K | SmartLobby Visitor Management 48.7K | |
| Property Management Tech | 113 | 263.9K | Fixflo Contractor App 28.1K | |
| Oil & Gas Tech | 7 | 113.8K | Petros 112.4K |
A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.
Release cadence by quarter
New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.
Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 161 of 180 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.
INSIDE THE INDUSTRYThe London energy tech market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Expand panel +
The London energy tech market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Where companies are building
Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.
Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.
Enterprise tech
The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.
23 companies hiring · $9.25B disclosed funding
Explore in RadarHow companies make money
Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.
THE COMPANIES IN MOTIONWho is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
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Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Carrier Ventures has made a strategic investment in Heat Geek, a UK-based startup focused on accelerating residential heat pump adoption across Europe.
Octopus Energy acquired a majority stake in Uplight to strengthen its technology-driven energy platform and customer engagement capabilities.
Octopus Energy Group announced today that it has acquired a majority stake in grid flexibility technology provider Uplight.
The Dublin, Ireland-based company received funding commitments from existing shareholders, while South Korea’s Samsung Ventures joined as a new investor.
London-based energy technology company Tem has raised $75 million in fresh funding as it looks to expand internationally and accelerate the rollout of its AI-driven platform designed to cut business electricity bills by up to 30 per cent.
Fuse Energy, a London-based energy company has announced a new €59 million ($70 million) funding round to accelerate its international expansion and fast-track product development. This funding boost increases the company's valuation to €4.2 billion ($5 billion).
The $55 million energy technology program—funded by Wells Fargo & Company and coadministered by NREL—welcomed three startups to its next cohort in the Emerging Tech track.
EO Charging has completed a £25 million shareholder-led recapitalisation, providing a strong foundation for the company’s next phase of growth.
Reports suggest the deal could value Kaluza at more than one billion dollars, making it a potential “unicorn” in the energy tech world.
Invinity Energy Systems PLC on Tuesday announced a £25 million investment from two new investors to strengthen its global manufacturing operations and support product development.
Full recorded event mix
Top 10 categories among 237 recorded events in the 24-month window.
IPO pipeline
1 companies with recorded IPO activity
IPO · London Stock Exchange2 reports
Leadership moves
3 tracked people moves
Appointment Vice President
Appointment Marketing Director
Appointment Chief Executive Officer
Product launches
Products, platforms and features in the recorded window
Portable charger
Blended Finance Fund
Charging Management Solution
Contract wins
36 recorded customer wins
Customer: ntpcPower and energy
Customer: NTPC LtdPower and Energy
Customer: draxEnergy Storage
Customer: drax groupEnergy
Customer: californiaclean energy
Customer: rweRenewable Energy
Workforce actions
1 companies with reported reductions
69 roleschallenging trading conditions
Regulatory events
2 recorded events
grant confirmedDESNZ
planned approval granted
Litigation
4 tracked suits
distribution agreement disputeCivil · Appeal
distribution agreement disputeCivil · Appeal
Earnings pulse
Reported company results in the recorded window.
Median across 17 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.
Mergers and acquisitions
Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.
| Acquirer → target | Status | Date | Value / context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Octopus Energy→uplight | Announced | 2026-03-26 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Octopus Energy Group→Na | Announced | 2026-02-20 | $1.0B |
| Octopus Energy Group→solar and battery project | Announced | 2026-02-20 | $1.0B |
| Octopus Energy Group→Na | Announced | 2026-02-20 | $1.0B |
| Octopus Energy Group→Shell Energy Retail Limited and Shell Energy Retail GmbH | Announced | 2025-11-26 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Na→Kaluza ↗ | Rumored | 2025-09-27 | $1.0B |
A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.
PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITYThe talent market
1 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 3-posting snapshot covers 3 employers.
Expand panel +
The talent market
1 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 3-posting snapshot covers 3 employers.
Most advertised job titles
No repeated job title is supported by this snapshot.
0 tracked postings mention remote work.
Skills employers mention
Top skills across 3 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.
Companies hiring
Large employers
| Company | Employees |
|---|---|
| TechnipFMC ↗ | 20,703 |
| Octopus Energy Group ↗ | 5,402 |
| Bboxx ↗ | 793 |
| Lightsource Labs ↗ | 639 |
| POD Point ↗ | 494 |
| 3T ↗ | 328 |
| Zenobe ↗ | 200 |
| Invinity ↗ | 165 |
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELDFounders and leaders
423 founders and chief executives across 291 companies.
Expand panel +
Founders and leaders
423 founders and chief executives across 291 companies.
Steven Meersman
Zenobe ↗Zenobe Energy, ex-Oliver Wyman, ex-Trafigura, Carnegie Mellon University - Tepper School of Business, 1970
Stuart Jackson
Octopus Energy ↗Ex-OBI · University of Cambridge MA 1995
Simon Phelan
Hometree ↗Ex-Better Capital. Trinity College Dublin 2010
Mehmet Katmer
Kinetics ↗Ex-Karpowership, Statkraft, Enerjisa, Calık Enerji. Yildiz Technical University BS 2001, Istanbul Technical University MS 2005…
Vincent Rivaz
EDF Energy ↗Ex- CEO EDF Energy, London Electricity Group.
Richard Butland
Highview Power ↗Highview Power, ex-Influit Production Solutions, ex-Pgi
Orral Nadjari
Britishvolt ↗Edwin Holdings, JOOL Group. Cardiff University 2006 & MBA 2008
Richard Clements
Connected Kerb ↗Ex-Oxygen Freejumping.
Adam Ridgway
One Moto ↗Ex-CEO MEDIACUBED The Creative Group, AdBrand, VideOh.tv. The Bishop's Stortford High School 1999
Alick Dru
Sunsave ↗Ex-Spires Online Tutoring, Tripr · University of Oxford 2014
Alan Chang
Fuse Energy ↗Ex-Revolut. Imperial College London 2015
James Eddison
Kraken ↗CTO-Octopus Energy · Ex-CTO Tangent Communications, CEO Claripoint
Education networks
100 profiles with education records.
Prior employers
12 profiles with prior-work records.
Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.
NEWS INTELLIGENCEHow this industry appears in the news
23,289 articles in the measured 12-month window.
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How this industry appears in the news
23,289 articles in the measured 12-month window.
News volume trends
Energy Tech coverage tagged London · articles per complete quarter
View quarterly article counts
| Quarter | Articles |
|---|---|
| 2021Q2 | 3,891 |
| 2021Q3 | 4,429 |
| 2021Q4 | 3,931 |
| 2022Q1 | 5,160 |
| 2022Q2 | 4,567 |
| 2022Q3 | 4,973 |
| 2022Q4 | 5,615 |
| 2023Q1 | 5,932 |
| 2023Q2 | 5,540 |
| 2023Q3 | 5,169 |
| 2023Q4 | 5,622 |
| 2024Q1 | 5,718 |
| 2024Q2 | 5,531 |
| 2024Q3 | 5,764 |
| 2024Q4 | 6,027 |
| 2025Q1 | 7,883 |
| 2025Q2 | 5,322 |
| 2025Q3 | 6,026 |
| 2025Q4 | 4,952 |
| 2026Q1 | 6,507 |
Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.
Tone of coverage over time
Most-covered companies
Company share of voice
310 recorded company events across 51 companies; percentages use that event total.
Leading coverage topics
Energy Tech coverage tagged London · ranked by full-period article count.
Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.
Topics gaining and losing attention
United Kingdom comparison coverage
| Keyword | Recent | Prior | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| oil price volatility | 1,243 | 665 | 87% |
| commodity trading | 789 | 337 | 134% |
| export sanctions | 670 | 237 | 183% |
| opec policies | 641 | 201 | 219% |
| ev powertrain advancements | 527 | 373 | 41% |
| smart ev technologies | 475 | 337 | 41% |
| aframax tankers | 429 | 122 | 252% |
| tanker routing | 425 | 84 | 406% |
| suezmax tankers | 418 | 173 | 142% |
| charging accessibility | 400 | 246 | 63% |
| champions league | 273 | 512 | -47% |
| europa league | 274 | 479 | -43% |
| plastic recycling | 293 | 466 | -37% |
| brent crude forecast | 221 | 390 | -43% |
| relegation playoffs | 229 | 387 | -41% |
Event and signal lenses
United Kingdom comparison coverage
Regulatory Risk
144,841 classified articlesclean energy mandates, offshore wind farms, onshore wind farms
47.9% critical · 35.4% positiveFunding Momentum
40,595 classified articlesoffshore wind farms, club valuation, offshore turbines
43.6% critical · 47.2% positiveGrowth
61,959 classified articlescharging corridor development, dc fast-charging deployment, charging accessibility
38.4% critical · 48.3% positiveEnergy Tech coverage tagged London. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.
RESEARCH SIGNALSWhat Energy Tech research is working on
53,205 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.
Expand panel +
What Energy Tech research is working on
53,205 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.
Research orientation
Contribution mix
Tone counts: 50,914 positive · 1,755 neutral · 536 negative.
- Energy storage2,027 papers
- Battery952 papers
- Renewable energy900 papers
- Electrolyte537 papers
- Anode488 papers
- Nanotechnology382 papers
- Cathode363 papers
- Lithium329 papers
Landmark: Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage
- Energy storage453 papers
- Renewable energy306 papers
- Battery276 papers
- Electrolyte155 papers
- Electricity127 papers
- Photovoltaic system112 papers
- Grid103 papers
- Anode99 papers
Landmark: Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries
- Energy storage17,247 papers
- Renewable energy7,206 papers
- Battery6,869 papers
- Supercapacitor4,411 papers
- Electrolyte4,207 papers
- Electrochemistry3,929 papers
- Photovoltaic system3,721 papers
- Anode3,695 papers
Landmark: Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids—A General Approach Toward Standardization
Leading institutions
Leading researchers
Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers
- Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials2,527 citations
- Graphene Anchored with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Perfor2,431 citations
- Challenges and Prospects of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries2,319 citations
- Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon of extraordinary capacitance for electrochemical energy storage2,047 citations
- Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries2,043 citations
Common problems researchers identify
3,636 papers · 7 recurring themes
Common problems researchers identify · 01Energy Storage System Challenges
738 papers20.3% of this theme group
Researchers outline technical and economic barriers facing large‑scale storage integration with renewable power.
Energy storage (628) · Renewable energy (327) · Environmental economics (102) · Energy (111)
Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems
A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems: Types, Comparison, Current Scenario, Applications, Barriers, and Potential Solutions, Poli
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1155.8 |
| 2023 | 1242.8 |
| 2024 | 1162.8 |
| 2025 | 1529.9 |
Common problems researchers identify · 02Battery Electrode Material Limits
617 papers17.0% of this theme group
Papers discuss durability and performance issues of anode and cathode materials for next‑generation batteries.
Anode (362) · Cathode (269) · Energy storage (330) · Battery (225)
Developing Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Challenges and Practical Prospects
Advances of lithium-ion batteries anode materials—A review
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 478.0 |
| 2023 | 477.3 |
| 2024 | 418.7 |
| 2025 | 508.1 |
Common problems researchers identify · 03Lithium and Flow Battery Constraints
557 papers15.3% of this theme group
Studies highlight capacity, safety, and scalability hurdles of lithium‑ion and flow battery technologies.
Battery (397) · Energy storage (351) · Lithium (99) · Flow battery (40)
Electrical energy storage for transportation—approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries
<scp>High‐Energy</scp> Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and a Promising Future in Applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 65.6 |
| 2023 | 65.6 |
| 2024 | 68.2 |
| 2025 | 81.4 |
Common problems researchers identify · 04Electrolyte Design Difficulties
442 papers12.2% of this theme group
Works examine instability and interfacial problems of electrolytes for high‑energy lithium and metal batteries.
Electrolyte (356) · Fast ion conductor (49) · Lithium (115) · Electrochemistry (107)
Electrolyte-Additive-Driven Interfacial Engineering for High-Capacity Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Promise and Challenges
Advanced Electrolyte Design for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Metal Batteries under Practical Conditions
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 522.0 |
| 2023 | 537.9 |
| 2024 | 465.8 |
| 2025 | 536.6 |
Common problems researchers identify · 05Renewable Grid Integration Issues
436 papers12.0% of this theme group
Analyses focus on operational, control, and reliability challenges when coupling renewables to electric grids.
Renewable energy (264) · Photovoltaic system (94) · Grid (74) · Electricity (73)
A Review of Hybrid Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation: Configurations, Control, and Applications
Electric vehicles with renewables integration in electrical power systems: A review of technologies, uncertainties and optimization allocati
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1720.1 |
| 2023 | 1836.7 |
| 2024 | 1693.3 |
| 2025 | 2352.7 |
Common problems researchers identify · 06Supercapacitor Material Barriers
431 papers11.9% of this theme group
Research points to nanostructure fabrication and performance limits of supercapacitors for fast energy storage.
Supercapacitor (235) · Nanotechnology (196) · Energy storage (329) · Electrochemical energy storage (78)
Flexible and Stretchable Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Review on Carbon Nanostructures for Supercapacitors: Cutting-Edge Energy Storage Applications and Perspectives
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 4845.5 |
| 2023 | 4681.9 |
| 2024 | 4784.4 |
| 2025 | 3630.0 |
Common problems researchers identify · 07Hydrogen Storage Obstacles
415 papers11.4% of this theme group
Literature reviews technical, safety, and efficiency problems of storing hydrogen for future energy systems.
Hydrogen storage (134) · Hydrogen (80) · Thermal energy storage (83) · Energy storage (226)
Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems
Chemical‐based Hydrogen Storage Systems: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Prospectives
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 306.6 |
| 2023 | 332.4 |
| 2024 | 334.3 |
| 2025 | 353.7 |
Cautions
1,184 papers · 7 recurring themes
Cautions · 01Economic Viability of Storage
261 papers22.0% of this theme group
Authors caution that cost‑benefit analyses often reveal limited financial returns for storage‑enhanced renewables.
Energy storage (178) · Renewable energy (112) · Environmental economics (32) · Electricity (51)
Development of Energy Storage Systems for Power Network Reliability: A Review
A Quantitative Assessment of the Economic Viability of Photovoltaic Battery Energy Storage Systems
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1408.3 |
| 2023 | 1483.7 |
| 2024 | 1358.3 |
| 2025 | 1830.3 |
Cautions · 02Grid Stability with Renewables
216 papers18.2% of this theme group
Studies warn about potential instability and reliability risks when large shares of variable renewable power are integrated.
Renewable energy (125) · Photovoltaic system (63) · Grid (52) · Electricity (48)
Impacts of Renewable Energy Integration on Power System Stability
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy Into the Grid: Key Issues
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1720.1 |
| 2023 | 1836.7 |
| 2024 | 1693.3 |
| 2025 | 2352.7 |
Cautions · 03Thermal Storage Material Risks
201 papers17.0% of this theme group
Papers highlight degradation, leakage, and performance uncertainty of thermal and latent‑heat storage materials.
Thermal energy storage (79) · Energy storage (111) · Thermal (23) · Latent heat (12)
Sorption heat storage for long-term low-temperature applications: A review on the advancements at material and prototype scale
Review of Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Application in Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems—Methodology for Matching Heat Storage So
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 180.5 |
| 2023 | 189.0 |
| 2024 | 192.5 |
| 2025 | 241.3 |
Cautions · 04Alternative Battery Chemistry Concerns
182 papers15.4% of this theme group
Research raises safety, lifespan, and scalability questions for sodium‑ion, lithium‑metal, and solid‑state batteries.
Anode (82) · Cathode (72) · Electrolyte (84) · Lithium (40)
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries
From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 804.6 |
| 2023 | 822.9 |
| 2024 | 728.0 |
| 2025 | 861.7 |
Cautions · 05Nanostructured Supercapacitor Safety
142 papers12.0% of this theme group
Works point to durability, electrolyte compatibility, and manufacturing challenges of advanced nanomaterial supercapacitors.
Supercapacitor (38) · Capacitance (13) · Electrochemistry (30) · Nanotechnology (17)
Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity
Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1021.4 |
| 2023 | 1003.7 |
| 2024 | 867.5 |
| 2025 | 948.9 |
Cautions · 06Battery Thermal Runaway Risks
117 papers9.9% of this theme group
Analyses examine conditions that trigger overheating and failure in high‑energy battery packs.
Battery (91) · Thermal runaway (12) · Energy storage (49) · State of charge (10)
Studying Abuse Testing on Lithium-Ion Battery Packaging for Energy Storage Systems
Recent Advances in the Development of Li‐Air Batteries, Experimental and Predictive Approaches – Prospective, Challenges, and Opportunities
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 68.0 |
| 2023 | 72.5 |
| 2024 | 50.3 |
| 2025 | 72.1 |
Cautions · 07Vanadium Flow Battery Degradation
65 papers5.5% of this theme group
Studies discuss electrolyte imbalance and efficiency loss mechanisms that limit long‑term operation of vanadium flow batteries.
Flow battery (46) · Redox (33) · Vanadium (24) · Electrolyte (22)
Vanadium redox flow battery capacity loss mitigation strategy based on a comprehensive analysis of electrolyte imbalance effects
Experimental Study on the Effect of Operating Conditions on the Efficiency of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 229.6 |
| 2023 | 224.8 |
| 2024 | 201.8 |
| 2025 | 257.5 |
Opportunities
39,303 papers · 7 recurring themes
Opportunities · 01Hybrid Renewable‑Storage Optimization
1,378 papers23.0% of this theme group
Research proposes coordinated control strategies to boost reliability and efficiency of renewable‑driven storage systems.
Energy storage (1,114) · Renewable energy (356) · Energy (198) · Wind power (169)
Battery Energy Storage Optimization in Distribution Power Systems with Distributed Renewable Energy Resources
Design and Control of an Energy Storage System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1241.7 |
| 2023 | 1328.6 |
| 2024 | 1279.1 |
| 2025 | 1709.0 |
Opportunities · 02Electrolyte‑Driven Battery Advances
1,364 papers22.7% of this theme group
Papers explore novel electrolyte formulations that enable higher performance and stability for aqueous and metal batteries.
Cathode (418) · Electrolyte (470) · Anode (402) · Electrochemistry (347)
Phosphated Electrolyte Enabling Dual Robust Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Reconstruction Toward Capable Zn Metal Batteries
Sustainable High‐Performance Aqueous Batteries Enabled by Optimizing Electrolyte Composition
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 804.6 |
| 2023 | 822.9 |
| 2024 | 728.0 |
| 2025 | 861.7 |
Opportunities · 03High‑Dielectric Ceramic Capacitors
903 papers15.1% of this theme group
Works highlight emerging ferroelectric and nanocomposite materials for compact, high‑energy density capacitive storage.
Dielectric (122) · Energy storage (502) · Ceramic (64) · Ferroelectricity (43)
Development of <scp>PVDF</scp> / <scp>PMMA</scp> ‐Cu nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties and energy storage density for capac
Advanced carbon nanomaterials for high-performance energy storage technologies
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 256.3 |
| 2023 | 249.6 |
| 2024 | 190.2 |
| 2025 | 138.3 |
Opportunities · 04Renewable‑Battery System Synergies
837 papers13.9% of this theme group
Studies develop integrated scheduling and control methods to align photovoltaic output with battery storage and demand.
Renewable energy (356) · Photovoltaic system (242) · Electricity (116) · Battery (193)
Optimizing Power System Reliability and Carbon Emissions With a Fuzzy Unit Commitment Model Incorporating Renewable Energy, Load Forecast Er
Distributed scheduling for multi-energy synergy system considering renewable energy generations and plug-in electric vehicles: A level-based
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1685.9 |
| 2023 | 1766.8 |
| 2024 | 1632.8 |
| 2025 | 2211.5 |
Opportunities · 05Graphene‑Enhanced Supercapacitors
604 papers10.1% of this theme group
Research demonstrates graphene‑based electrodes delivering ultrahigh energy and power densities for hybrid storage devices.
Supercapacitor (526) · Capacitance (273) · Electrode (176) · Graphene (76)
A high-performance supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device based on graphene-enhanced electrode materials with ultrahigh energy
A review of supercapacitors: Materials, technology, challenges, and renewable energy applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1430.1 |
| 2023 | 1435.3 |
| 2024 | 1280.5 |
| 2025 | 1148.6 |
Opportunities · 06Microgrid Energy Management
461 papers7.7% of this theme group
Papers present algorithms for balancing distributed generation, storage, and loads within resilient microgrid architectures.
Microgrid (331) · Energy storage (270) · Renewable energy (179) · Distributed generation (56)
Power Management of Hybrid Microgrid with Energy Storage System
Capacity Optimization of Battery Energy Storage Systems in a Microgrid
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1086.5 |
| 2023 | 1156.0 |
| 2024 | 1104.3 |
| 2025 | 1546.0 |
Opportunities · 07Nano‑Enhanced Phase‑Change Storage
453 papers7.5% of this theme group
Investigations show nanomaterial additives improving heat storage capacity and charging speed of phase‑change systems.
Thermal energy storage (267) · Thermal (84) · Phase-change material (65) · Latent heat (39)
Advances in nano-enhanced phase change materials and hybrid thermal energy storage systems: Paving the way for sustainable energy solutions
Improving the efficiency of thermal energy storage through the development and evaluation of hybrid nano-enhanced phase change materials
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 182.1 |
| 2023 | 190.9 |
| 2024 | 194.8 |
| 2025 | 243.8 |
How this field compares with the research baseline
Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.
| Research orientation | This field | Reference sample |
|---|---|---|
| Promising | 47.6% | 37.4% |
| Breakthrough | 30.9% | 26.6% |
| Descriptive | 8.1% | 17.2% |
| Problem-identifying | 7.0% | 9.4% |
| Comparative | 3.8% | 3.9% |
| Cautionary | 2.4% | 4.5% |
| Critical | 0.3% | 1.0% |
Concerns receiving less research attention
Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.
| Concern / example paper | Papers | Share | Raised as a problem | Worldwide share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy & datacenter footprintEnergy storage in datacenters | 43 | 0.09% | 4 (9.3%) | 0.09% |
| Hardware, e-waste & supply chainLife Cycle Assessment and Sustainability of Energy Storage Options for Solar PV Technologies | 30 | 0.06% | 3 (10.0%) | 0.06% |
| Privacy & surveillanceA Resilient and Privacy-Preserving Energy Management Strategy for Networked Microgrids | 23 | 0.05% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.05% |
| Water useExperimental and Theoretical Analysis of Immersion Cooling of a Li-Ion Battery Module | 16 | 0.03% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.03% |
| Concentration of compute powerEnergy Storage Market Power Withholding Bounds in Real-time Markets | 15 | 0.03% | 2 (13.3%) | 0.03% |
| Bias & fairnessFlexibility at a cost: Industrial battery storage and the breakdown of grid fee fairness in Germany | 8 | 0.02% | 1 (12.5%) | 0.02% |
| Safety & misuseCyber Resilience of Battery Energy Storage System Scheduling under Adversarial Attack on Load Forecasting | 5 | 0.01% | 1 (20.0%) | 0.01% |
| Carbon & emissions of computeA multi strategy optimization framework using AI digital twins for smart grid carbon emission reduction | 2 | 0.0% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.0% |
| Labour & data work | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.
Energy Tech in London: key questions
Clear definitions for making better comparisons.
What does this landscape measure?
It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.
Can segment counts be added together?
No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.
What does a missing figure mean?
A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.
Company ecosystem snapshot: 2 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.
Canonical landscape ↗