Radar Landscapes Energy Tech Landscape of the United Kingdom
Energy Tech industry in the United Kingdom — illustrated cover for the Energy Tech Landscape of the United Kingdom
Radar · Industry landscape · the United Kingdom

Energy Tech Landscape of the United Kingdom

2,544 Energy Tech companies in the United Kingdom, in one picture: who is hiring, who is raising money, who founded them, where they are based, what the news is about, which skills employers want and where the research is going. Updated August 2026.

2,544companies tracked
$20.4Bdisclosed funding
109hiring right now
1,228events · 24 months
113,616news articles · 12 months

Who leads Energy Tech in the United Kingdom

Shows the 2,544 UK energy‑tech firms and highlights the top hiring, best‑funded and most‑covered companies, with 109 currently hiring and 499 having disclosed a funding round.

open roles
Hiring now
ranked by live open roles
  1. 01TechnipFMC12last posted Aug 2026
  2. 02ITM Power7last posted May 2026
  3. 03IQGeo4last posted Jun 2026
  4. 04FPC Global4last posted Jul 2026
  5. 05Magnum Utilities3last posted Jun 2026
  6. 06Octopus Energy Group3last posted Aug 2026
  7. 07ONYX InSight3last posted Dec 2025
  8. 08Hometree2last posted Nov 2025
109 companies hiring · 4 posted in the last 30 days
disclosed funding
Most funded
disclosed totals, all rounds
  1. 01Zenobe$3.1BConventional Debt · Jul 2025
  2. 02Octopus Energy$2BSeries F · Dec 2025
  3. 03Energy Assets$943.7MConventional Debt · Oct 2021
  4. 04Hometree$735.1MConventional Debt · Oct 2024
  5. 05Fidra Energy$602.7MSeries D · Sep 2025
  6. 06Vertical Aerospace$557.9MPost IPO · Mar 2026
  7. 07OVO Energy$522.8MSeries D · Jul 2023
  8. 08Kinetics$400MConventional Debt · Nov 2025
499 companies with disclosed rounds · $20.4B total
revenue
Revenue leaders
official filings first, else latest snapshot
  1. 01Octopus Energy Group$17.5Bsnapshot Apr 2025
  2. 02Gardner Denver$7.7Bsnapshot Dec 2025
  3. 03Linde$314.4MFY2022 filing
  4. 04Zenobe$123.7Msnapshot Dec 2024
  5. 05Ohme$53.4Msnapshot Dec 2023
  6. 06Ceres$44.7MFY2025 filing
  7. 07BMSI$40.3MFY2023 filing
  8. 08Bboxx$39.4Msnapshot Dec 2022
41 companies with a revenue figure
headcount
Largest teams
ranked by tracked headcount
  1. 01Linde72,327tracked employees
  2. 02TechnipFMC20,703tracked employees
  3. 03Octopus Energy Group5,402tracked employees
  4. 04Utilita1,144tracked employees
  5. 05Wrightbus868tracked employees
  6. 06ITM Power826tracked employees
  7. 07Bboxx793tracked employees
  8. 08Lightsource Labs639tracked employees
167 companies with headcount data
share of events
Share of voice
share of all tracked sector news events, 24 months
  1. 01Indra12.1%190 tracked events
  2. 02Vertical Aerospace7.7%120 tracked events
  3. 03Linde5.8%91 tracked events
  4. 04Nanoco Group4.9%77 tracked events
  5. 05Ventive4.2%66 tracked events
  6. 06Wrightbus3.8%59 tracked events
  7. 07ITM Power3.7%58 tracked events
  8. 08TechnipFMC3.3%51 tracked events
1,567 tracked events across 169 companies
articles
In the news
Prism news coverage, last 12 months
  1. 01Octopus Energy709articles in the window
  2. 02InstaVolt228articles in the window
  3. 03Vertical Aerospace207articles in the window
  4. 04ITM Power171articles in the window
  5. 05Vortexa130articles in the window
  6. 06Linde129articles in the window
  7. 07OVO Energy113articles in the window
  8. 08HyNet101articles in the window
174 of these companies drew sector coverage in the window
Radar

See all 2,544 Energy Tech companies in the United Kingdom

Filter by funding, headcount, hiring and location, and export the list.

How the Energy Tech ecosystem in the United Kingdom grew, 2016–2025

Lists the number of companies founded each year from 2016 to 2025, noting the peak of 194 new firms in 2020 and the low of 11 in 2025.

Companies founded / year
new Energy Tech companies in the United Kingdom
2016: 1262017: 1592018: 1732019: 1892020: 1942021: 1562022: 1292023: 832024: 382025: 11
20162025
peak 194 in 2020
Companies raising / year
with a disclosed round that year
20162025
peak 132 in 2022
Disclosed funding / year
sum of disclosed rounds (USD)
2016: 547,298,2092017: 389,383,0272018: 526,591,0122019: 907,248,4112020: 1,504,682,0272021: 3,355,545,0732022: 2,575,099,9792023: 4,033,425,1992024: 1,904,558,4532025: 2,837,305,827
20162025
peak $4B in 2023

Where Energy Tech companies in the United Kingdom are based

Ranks UK cities by the count of energy‑tech firms, with London leading at 564 companies followed by Edinburgh, Bristol, Cambridge and Birmingham.

London skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 01
London
564 Energy Tech companies
68% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
564companies
$11.2Bdisclosed funding
29hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · London · CC BY-SA 4.0
Edinburgh skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 02
Edinburgh
45 Energy Tech companies
5% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
45companies
$832.9Mdisclosed funding
5hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Edinburgh · CC BY-SA 4.0
Bristol skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 03
Bristol
44 Energy Tech companies
5% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
44companies
$1.2Bdisclosed funding
6hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Bristol · CC BY-SA 4.0
Cambridge skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 04
Cambridge
43 Energy Tech companies
5% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
43companies
$336.2Mdisclosed funding
3hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Cambridge · CC BY-SA 4.0
Birmingham skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 05
Birmingham
37 Energy Tech companies
4% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
37companies
$87.5Mdisclosed funding
Photo Wikipedia · Birmingham · CC BY-SA 4.0
Oxford skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 06
Oxford
36 Energy Tech companies
4% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
36companies
$725.4Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Oxford · CC BY-SA 4.0
Glasgow skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 07
Glasgow
30 Energy Tech companies
4% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
30companies
$106.3Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Glasgow · CC BY-SA 4.0
Manchester skyline — Energy Tech hub in the United Kingdom
Hub 08
Manchester
29 Energy Tech companies
4% of the Energy Tech companies across these hubs
29companies
$222.6Mdisclosed funding
2hiring now
Photo Wikipedia · Manchester · CC BY-SA 4.0

The Energy Tech market map of the United Kingdom: what these companies actually do

Breaks down the products built by sector firms into sub‑categories and shows the most common revenue models, such as physical commerce, subscription and e‑commerce product sales.

  • Enterprise Tech1,659 companies · $16.9B raised · 92 hiring
  • Consumer Digital921 companies · $6.9B raised · 29 hiring
  • Green Transport737 companies · $7.9B raised · 19 hiring
  • Deep Tech605 companies · $10.1B raised · 34 hiring
  • Enterprise Software467 companies · $1.6B raised · 20 hiring
  • SaaS343 companies · $4.9B raised · 18 hiring
  • Energy SaaS269 companies · $624.6M raised · 14 hiring
  • Electric Vehicle Charging256 companies · $5.1B raised · 9 hiring
  • Smart Buildings241 companies · $374.1M raised · 14 hiring
  • Building Energy Management System152 companies · $73.4M raised · 4 hiring
  • Sustainable Batteries129 companies · $2.1B raised · 6 hiring
  • Industrial Internet of Things127 companies · $364M raised · 11 hiring

Monetization

How Energy Tech companies make money

How many companies earn revenue each way. Plenty use more than one model, so the counts add up to more than the sector.

Physical Commerce1,003
Subscription882
E-Commerce - Product810
Fee-For-Service461
Commission on Transaction354
E-Commerce - Service172
Advertising82
Renting / Leasing26

Funding, M&A and the deals moving Energy Tech in the United Kingdom

Funding 229Leadership 206Contracts 171M&A 140Earnings 138Announcement 106Capital 46Assets 34Product 29Lawsuit 26
  • FundingDeep climate tech startup Barocal has raised a $10m (£7.4m) seed round to accelerate development and scale its engineering team ahead of commercial deployment.2026-05-05
  • FundingITM Power receives financial support of up to £86.5 million. The State-owned Great British Energy is contributing £40 million as an investment, while the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero is offering additional funding of £46.5 million.2026-04-21
  • FundingVertical Aerospace closed (20-Apr-2026) its financing package of up to USD850 million.2026-04-21
  • FundingIn addition to the grant funding, Altilium has secured over £17m in private investment to date, including strategic investments from SQM, Marubeni Corporation and Mizuho Bank.2026-04-13
  • M&ABC Payments added a regulated payments license in March.2026-04-10
  • M&ASpain’s state holding company SEPI has resumed talks to merge Indra with privately held defence firm Escribano Mechanical & Engineering (EM&E) in a deal the Spanish government deems strategically important, newspaper El Economista reported on Thursday.2026-04-10
  • FundingCarrier Ventures has made a strategic investment in Heat Geek, a UK-based startup focused on accelerating residential heat pump adoption across Europe.2026-04-06
  • AnnouncementLinde said delays to hydrogen and carbon capture systems at Woodside Energy’s Beaumont ammonia project have pushed low‑carbon output to 2027, citing construction and subcontractor challenges.2026-05-01
  • EarningsOffshore contractor TechnipFMC recorded revenue of $2.49 billion for the first quarter ending March 31. This performance marked an 11.6 per cent increase compared to the same period in 2025.Net income attributable to the company reached $0.26 billion, which translates to $0.64 per diluted share.2026-04-30
  • AssetsThe offer of £145,000 from H2VS was accepted for the acquisition of the business and assets, both tangible and intangible.2026-04-29

Mergers and acquisitions

Deals from the last 24 months where a Energy Tech company in the United Kingdom was the buyer or the one bought, newest first. “Undisclosed” means the price was never published — not that the deal was worth nothing.

AcquirerTargetDeal valueStatusDate
IndraEscribano Mechanical & Engineering (EM&E)undisclosedAnnounced2026-07-10
bharat forgeTevvaundisclosedAnnounced2026-04-15
Ripplehidden road$1.2BCompleted2026-04-10
Ripplegtreasury$1BCompleted2026-04-10
RippleRail stablecoin platform$200MCompleted2026-04-10
draxFlexitricityundisclosedCompleted2026-04-02

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Details notable events like IPO filings, leadership changes, product launches and contract wins for companies in the sector.

IPO pipeline
4 companies listed or filing · last 24 months
  • AndersenIPO · NYSE · ANDG · 2 reportsDec 2025
  • POD PointIPO · London Stock Exchange · 2 reportsJun 2025
  • VentiveIPO · National Stock Exchange of India Limited · 18 reportsApr 2025
  • Vertical AerospaceIPO · NYSE · EVTL · 2 reportsJan 2025
Leadership moves
78 tracked people moves · last 12 months
  • IndraÀngel Simón · Appointment → President of Strategy Committee and Executive Delegate Committee (Non-Executive Chairman)May 2026
  • IndraÁngel Simón · Appointment → President of its main strategic commissionsApr 2026
  • IndraAngel Escribano · Resignation — was PresidentApr 2026
  • ZX LidarsAlex Woodward · Appointment → Managing DirectorApr 2026
  • ZX LidarsIan Locker · Resignation — was Managing DirectorApr 2026
  • IDenteqNisha Korpal · Appointment → Chief Growth OfficerApr 2026
  • ITM PowerAndy Allen · Resignation — was Board MemberApr 2026
  • ITM PowerAmy Grey · Appointment → Chief Financial OfficerApr 2026
Product launches
tracked launches · last 12 months
  • OhmeVolkswagen Group Charging Data Integration (Charging Service)Apr 2026
  • ONYX InSightecoBLADE (Condition Monitoring System)Apr 2026
  • ZipChargeGo (Portable charger)Apr 2026
  • Clean Power Hydrogen1 MW electrolyzer unit (Electrolyzer)Apr 2026
  • Charm ImpactHummingbird One (Blended Finance Fund)Apr 2026
  • RippleDigital Asset Accounts and Unified Treasury (Treasury Management)Apr 2026
  • Octopus EnergyOctopus Fleet (Charging Management Solution)Mar 2026
  • IndraAI-Driven Aircraft Turnaround Monitoring System (AI & Video Analytics for Airport Operations)Mar 2026
Contract wins
118 customer wins · last 24 months
Workforce actions
7 companies cutting roles · last 24 months
  • EO Charging~69 roles reported · challenging trading conditionsApr 2026
  • GivEnergy~100% of workforce reported · business insolvencyApr 2026
  • Linde~400 roles reported · cost reductionFeb 2026
  • OVO Energy~200 roles reported · cost reductionNov 2025
  • London EV Company~66 roles reported · sales declineOct 2025
  • GRIDSERVE~81 roles reported · business downturnJul 2025
Regulatory & litigation
24 regulatory events · 23 tracked suits · 24 months
  • Vertical Aerospaceapproved for Design Organisation ApprovalApr 2026
  • Orbis Protectpending approvalApr 2026
  • Ripplepending approvalMar 2026
  • Indraapproved for integration protocol — National Securities Market Commission (CNMV)Feb 2026
  • guru v pepsidistribution agreement dispute · AppealApr 2026
  • pepsi v gurudistribution agreement dispute · AppealApr 2026
Earnings pulse
companies reporting results · last 24 months
28 companies reporting141 company-quarters trackedbeat 22miss 4in line 2

Half of these companies grew revenue faster than +16.0%, half slower.

Who is building Energy Tech in the United Kingdom

Profiles 1,377 founders and CEOs across 1,057 firms, noting frequent alma maters like Cambridge (60) and Oxford (39) and prior employers such as Boston Consulting Group (5).

Founders and chief executives12 of 1,377, from the best-funded companies on this page
Steven Meersman
Co-Founder & Director
Steven Meersman

Zenobe Energy, ex-Oliver Wyman, ex-Trafigura, Carnegie Mellon University - Tepper School of Business, 1970

Stuart Jackson
Co-Founder & CFO
Stuart Jackson

Ex-OBI · University of Cambridge MA 1995

Dave Taylor
CEO
Dave Taylor

Ex-Lowri Beck Services, SSI Services, Onsite Specialist Maintenance

Simon Phelan
Co-Founder & CEO
Simon Phelan

Ex-Better Capital. Trinity College Dublin 2010

Chris Elder
CEO
Chris Elder

Ex-West Burton Energy, InterGen · University of Aberdeen LLB 2000, The University of Edinburgh MBA 2013

Stuart Simpson
CEO
Stuart Simpson

Ex-Avast, GLS, Royal Mail Group

Stephen Fitzpatrick
Founder
Stephen Fitzpatrick
repeat founder

The University of Edinburgh 2000

Mehmet Katmer
CEO
Mehmet Katmer

Ex-Karpowership, Statkraft, Enerjisa, Calık Enerji. Yildiz Technical University BS 2001, Istanbul Technical University MS 2005…

Toddington Harper
Co-Founder
Toddington Harper

Ex-Big60Million

Vincent Rivaz
Ex- CEO
Vincent Rivaz

Ex- CEO EDF Energy, London Electricity Group.

Ingmar Posner
Co-Founder
Ingmar Posner

Amazon. Aston University MEng 2001, University of Oxford DPhil 2005

Dennis Schulz
CEO
Dennis Schulz

Managing Director Hydropulse, ex-Linde Engineering. Munich Business School MBA 2012

Where the founders studied
alma mater on record for 232 of 1,377 founders
University of Cambridge60
University of Oxford39
Imperial College London34
University of Bristol17
University of Manchester16
INSEAD16
London Business School (LBS)14
University College London14
Where they worked before
a previous employer on record for 22 of 1,377 founders
Boston Consulting Group5
Morgan Stanley3
Amazon3
McKinsey3
Goldman Sachs3
Google2
Microsoft2
Cisco1
Founders flagged as repeat founders
of 1,179 founders with a profile on this page
8
carry a repeat-founder flag
  • flagged as repeat founders8
  • no repeat-founder flag1,171
Radar

Look up the people behind Energy Tech companies in the United Kingdom

Search founders, executives and operators by company, role and location.

Who funds Energy Tech in the United Kingdom

Summarizes 1,472 funding rounds since 2016 from 1,012 investors, with a typical round size of $1.5 million.

Investor · most active investors since 2016RoundsLedLatest
Europa1151Dec 2023
Gov78Apr 2026
Scottish Enterprise285Dec 2025
Ukri231Apr 2026
BGF2113Jan 2025
Mercia2013Apr 2025
EIC Fund19Jan 2023
Clean Growth Fund1613Mar 2026
Advanced Propulsion Centre UK16Apr 2026
Barclays148May 2026
Stage mix · rounds since 2016
Seed & Angel615
Series A–B346
Series C+ / PE87
Grants, debt & other424

The typical round is $1.5M — half were bigger, half smaller.

The biggest Energy Tech funding rounds in the United Kingdom

Lists the ten largest disclosed funding rounds, highlighting Zenobe’s $1.1 billion Series E as the biggest.

CompanyRoundSizeWhenBackers
ZenobeSeries Emega-round$1.1BSep 2023KKR, Infracapital, Pantheon Infrastructure
Octopus EnergySeries Fmega-round$800MDec 2023CPP Investments, Generation Investment Management
Octopus EnergySeries Emega-round$655MSep 2021Generation Investment Management, Origin Energy
Fidra EnergySeries Dmega-round$602.7MSep 2025EIG Global Energy Partners, National Wealth Fund
Octopus EnergySeries Emega-round$300MDec 2021CPP Investments
Field EnergySeries Dmega-round$258MJul 2023DIF
OVO EnergySeries Dmega-round$257.9MJul 2023Morgan Stanley, Mayfair
OVO EnergySeries Dmega-round$257.7MFeb 2019Mitsubishi Corporation
Deep GreenSeries Dmega-round$255MDec 2023Octopus Energy Generation
GRIDSERVESeries B$241.3MAug 2022Infracapital, Mitsubishi HC Capital, The Rise Fund
Venture round sizes · 2023–2025
<$1M75
$1–10M113
$10–50M42
$50–250M12
>$250M6

248 venture rounds with a disclosed amount in the window.

Fresh cheques · last 6 months

What the news says about Energy Tech in the United Kingdom

Counts 113,616 news articles in the last year, covering topics such as professional league updates, oil‑and‑gas market trends and offshore wind development.

News volume
Energy Tech coverage across United Kingdom · articles per quarter
2021Q2: 19,4472021Q3: 24,2712021Q4: 21,8782022Q1: 24,6232022Q2: 22,7532022Q3: 25,4382022Q4: 26,6612023Q1: 26,5142023Q2: 25,2452023Q3: 25,0592023Q4: 25,8162024Q1: 26,5882024Q2: 25,1602024Q3: 28,2222024Q4: 27,9622025Q1: 39,1912025Q2: 26,7892025Q3: 30,2382025Q4: 23,5882026Q1: 31,273
2021Q22026Q1
peak 39,191 in 2025Q1 · 113,616 articles in the last 12 tracked months
Tone of coverage
share of articles by dominant sentiment (positive / neutral / negative)
202120232025
Positive-tone share moved 69% → 68%, negative 30% → 30% across 2021–2025.

What the coverage is about

The subjects that dominate Energy Tech news in United Kingdom. The arrow shows whether each one is being written about more or less than a year ago.

  • Professional league updates24,037→-8%
  • Oil and gas market trends11,365▲+139%
  • Offshore wind energy development10,221→+7%
  • Athlete transfer rumors9,025▲+13%
  • Climate change mitigation strategies8,490▼-15%
  • Renewable energy sources and technologies7,518▼-13%
  • Strategic partnerships and collaborations7,471▲+34%
  • Wind turbine technology & onshore wind farms7,354▲+24%
  • New product launches and innovations7,248▲+29%
  • Geopolitical factors in oil supply6,652▲+333%
Most-covered companies · last 12 months

174 Energy Tech companies here were named in the news over this period.

Prism

Watch Energy Tech coverage in United Kingdom as it happens

Prism follows these subjects story by story — which companies are named, what is said about them and how the tone moves.

Momentum

The words getting louder — and quieter

Which terms are showing up in more stories than a year ago, and which are fading. The percentage is the change in how many articles mention them.

oil price volatility+85%commodity trading+135%export sanctions+174%opec policies+220%next-generation ev platforms+40%ev powertrain advancements+43%smart ev technologies+45%electric vehicle r&d+42%ev drive system innovations+41%aframax tankers+251%
champions league-46%europa league-43%plastic recycling-39%relegation playoffs-40%brent crude forecast-44%

The pressures the press keeps returning to

Three recurring angles in United Kingdom Energy Tech coverage, and whether each is getting more attention year on year (through 2025).

Regulatory Risk ▲ rising
144,841 articles touch this dimension · 47.9% critical tone
20212025
signals: clean energy mandates, offshore wind farms, onshore wind farms
Funding Momentum ▲ rising
40,595 articles touch this dimension · 43.6% critical tone
20212025
signals: offshore wind farms, club valuation, offshore turbines
Growth ▲ rising
61,959 articles touch this dimension · 38.4% critical tone
20212025
signals: charging corridor development, dc fast-charging deployment, charging accessibility

Energy Tech jobs in the United Kingdom: who is hiring and what they ask for

Reports 193 job postings from 20 employers in the past year, with top‑required skills including Python, Rust, SQL, TypeScript and Excel.

193postings · last 12 months
304postings tracked overall
20employers advertising

Demand

The Skills Employers Ask For

What Energy Tech employers in the United Kingdom put in their job ads. The bar is how many postings ask for it; the arrow shows whether demand grew or shrank against the year before.

  • python26
  • rust20
  • sql17
  • typescript15
  • excel12
  • react12
  • scada11
  • blockchain11
  • heavy lifting11
  • wind turbine maintenance9
Most advertised titles
  • Project Worker3
  • Team Leader2
  • Bid Coordinator2
  • Cleaning Operative1
  • Smart Meter Engineer1
  • Head Of Health & Safety1

What Energy Tech research is working on

Shows 53,205 academic papers on the topic, of which 3,843 discuss common problems, 1,267 issue cautions, and 41,757 identify opportunities.

How this field talks about itself
Energy Tech papers (gold) against all published research (grey)
Promising47.6% · 36.4%1.3×
Breakthrough30.9% · 26.7%1.2×
Descriptive8.1% · 17.9%0.5×
Problem-identifying7.0% · 9.6%0.7×
Comparative3.8% · 4.1%≈ par
Cautionary2.4% · 4.4%0.5×

Energy Tech literature runs 1.3× more “promising” than science at large (47.6% vs 36.4% baseline).

How the work is done
Methods-led61.2%
Empirical22.3%
Reviews14.5%
Position pieces1.6%
Theoretical0.4%
How the research reads

96% positive · 3% neutral · 1% negative, across 53,205 papers.

The institutions behind the field
  • Chinese Academy of Sciences132k
  • Tsinghua University74k
  • Nanyang Technological University61k
  • University of California, Los Angeles45k
  • The University of Texas at Austin44k
  • Nankai University36k

ranked by how often their work is cited

Researchers who shaped it

Bruce Dunn · Patrice Simon · Jean‐Marie Tarascon · Yury Gogotsi · Yang‐Kook Sun · Haresh Kamath · Arumugam Manthiram · Yi Cui

The most-cited breakthroughs
  • Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials · 3k cites
  • Graphene Anchored with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Perfor · 2k cites
  • Challenges and Prospects of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries · 2k cites
  • Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon of extraordinary capacitance for electrochemical energy storage · 2k cites
  • Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries · 2k cites
Common problems researchers identify3,636 papers · 7 recurring themes
Energy Storage System Challenges — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 01
Energy Storage System Challenges
738 papers · 20.3% of this block
2022: 1,154 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,242 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,159 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,510 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,154 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,242 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,159 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,510 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +31% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Researchers outline barriers and trade‑offs in storing renewable electricity across various technologies.
Energy storage · Renewable energy · Environmental economics · Energy
“Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems”
738 of these papers raise it as a problem
Battery Electrode Material Limits — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 02
Battery Electrode Material Limits
617 papers · 17.0% of this block
2022: 478 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 477 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 419 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 517 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 478 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 477 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 419 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 517 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers discuss difficulties in developing durable anodes and cathodes for next‑generation batteries.
Anode · Cathode · Energy storage · Battery
“Developing Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Challenges and Practical Prospects”
617 of these papers raise it as a problem
Lithium and Flow Battery Constraints — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 03
Lithium and Flow Battery Constraints
557 papers · 15.3% of this block
2022: 66 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 65 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 68 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 82 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 66 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 65 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 68 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 82 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +25% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies highlight performance ceilings and material issues affecting lithium‑ion and flow storage options.
Battery · Energy storage · Lithium · Flow battery
“Electrical energy storage for transportation—approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries”
557 of these papers raise it as a problem
Electrolyte Engineering Obstacles — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 04
Electrolyte Engineering Obstacles
442 papers · 12.2% of this block
2022: 521 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 538 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 468 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 544 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 521 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 538 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 468 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 544 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +4% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works examine how electrolyte composition and ion transport hinder high‑energy battery designs.
Electrolyte · Fast ion conductor · Lithium · Electrochemistry
“Electrolyte-Additive-Driven Interfacial Engineering for High-Capacity Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Promise and Challenges”
442 of these papers raise it as a problem
Renewable Grid Integration Issues — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 05
Renewable Grid Integration Issues
436 papers · 12.0% of this block
2022: 1,719 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,835 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,689 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,329 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,719 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,835 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,689 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,329 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +36% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Analyses focus on technical and operational problems when coupling solar, wind, and storage to power networks.
Renewable energy · Photovoltaic system · Grid · Electricity
“A Review of Hybrid Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation: Configurations, Control, and Applications”
436 of these papers raise it as a problem
Supercapacitor Material Bottlenecks — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 06
Supercapacitor Material Bottlenecks
431 papers · 11.9% of this block
2022: 4,852 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 4,687 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 4,795 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 4,852 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 4,687 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 4,795 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 3,660 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -25% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research points to nanostructure and conductivity limits that restrict supercapacitor performance.
Supercapacitor · Nanotechnology · Energy storage · Electrochemical energy storage
“Flexible and Stretchable Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives”
431 of these papers raise it as a problem
Hydrogen Storage Difficulties — Common problems researchers identify
Problems · theme 07
Hydrogen Storage Difficulties
415 papers · 11.4% of this block
2022: 308 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 333 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 334 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 354 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 308 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 333 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 334 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 354 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +15% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers identify safety, efficiency, and material challenges for storing hydrogen at scale.
Hydrogen storage · Hydrogen · Thermal energy storage · Energy storage
“Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems”
415 of these papers raise it as a problem
Cautions1,184 papers · 7 recurring themes
Economic Viability of Storage — Cautions
Cautions · theme 01
Economic Viability of Storage
261 papers · 22.0% of this block
2022: 1,406 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,481 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,352 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,808 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,406 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,481 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,352 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,808 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +29% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Authors caution that cost‑benefit analyses often reveal limited financial returns for storage projects.
Energy storage · Renewable energy · Environmental economics · Electricity
“Development of Energy Storage Systems for Power Network Reliability: A Review”
261 of these papers raise it as a problem
Grid Stability with Renewables — Cautions
Cautions · theme 02
Grid Stability with Renewables
216 papers · 18.2% of this block
2022: 1,719 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,835 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,689 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,329 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,719 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,835 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,689 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,329 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +36% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies warn of potential instability and reliability risks when integrating variable renewable sources.
Renewable energy · Photovoltaic system · Grid · Electricity
“Impacts of Renewable Energy Integration on Power System Stability”
216 of these papers raise it as a problem
Thermal Storage Material Risks — Cautions
Cautions · theme 03
Thermal Storage Material Risks
201 papers · 17.0% of this block
2022: 182 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 188 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 191 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 239 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 182 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 188 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 191 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 239 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +32% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research highlights durability and scaling concerns for sorption and latent‑heat thermal storage media.
Thermal energy storage · Energy storage · Thermal · Latent heat
“Sorption heat storage for long-term low-temperature applications: A review on the advancements at material and prototype scale”
201 of these papers raise it as a problem
Alternative Battery Chemistry Concerns — Cautions
Cautions · theme 04
Alternative Battery Chemistry Concerns
182 papers · 15.4% of this block
2022: 804 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 822 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 730 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 874 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 804 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 822 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 730 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 874 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +9% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works raise safety and lifecycle questions for sodium‑ion, lithium‑metal, and solid‑state batteries.
Anode · Cathode · Electrolyte · Lithium
“Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries”
182 of these papers raise it as a problem
Nanostructured Supercapacitor Safety — Cautions
Cautions · theme 05
Nanostructured Supercapacitor Safety
142 papers · 12.0% of this block
2022: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,000 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 869 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 960 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,020 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,000 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 869 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 960 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -6% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers point to degradation and reliability issues in emerging nanomaterial‑based capacitors.
Supercapacitor · Capacitance · Electrochemistry · Nanotechnology
“Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity”
142 of these papers raise it as a problem
Battery Thermal Runaway Risks — Cautions
Cautions · theme 06
Battery Thermal Runaway Risks
117 papers · 9.9% of this block
2022: 68 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 51 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 73 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 68 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 72 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 51 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 73 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +8% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Analyses emphasize overheating and state‑of‑charge hazards that could trigger catastrophic failures.
Battery · Thermal runaway · Energy storage · State of charge
“Studying Abuse Testing on Lithium-Ion Battery Packaging for Energy Storage Systems”
117 of these papers raise it as a problem
Vanadium Flow Battery Degradation — Cautions
Cautions · theme 07
Vanadium Flow Battery Degradation
65 papers · 5.5% of this block
2022: 229 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 223 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 202 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 260 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 229 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 223 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 202 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 260 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +13% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies discuss electrolyte imbalance and efficiency losses that limit long‑term operation.
Flow battery · Redox · Vanadium · Electrolyte
“Vanadium redox flow battery capacity loss mitigation strategy based on a comprehensive analysis of electrolyte imbalance effects”
65 of these papers raise it as a problem
Opportunities39,303 papers · 7 recurring themes
Hybrid Renewable‑Storage Optimization — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 01
Hybrid Renewable‑Storage Optimization
1,378 papers · 23.0% of this block
2022: 1,241 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,328 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,276 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,688 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,241 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,328 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,276 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,688 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +36% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research explores coordinated control of storage and wind/solar to improve system efficiency.
Energy storage · Renewable energy · Energy · Wind power
“Battery Energy Storage Optimization in Distribution Power Systems with Distributed Renewable Energy Resources”
Advanced Electrolyte‑Electrode Designs — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 02
Advanced Electrolyte‑Electrode Designs
1,364 papers · 22.7% of this block
2022: 804 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 822 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 730 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 874 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 804 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 822 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 730 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 874 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +9% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers propose novel electrolyte formulations that enable robust, high‑performance battery interfaces.
Cathode · Electrolyte · Anode · Electrochemistry
“Phosphated Electrolyte Enabling Dual Robust Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Reconstruction Toward Capable Zn Metal Batteries”
Dielectric Nanocomposite Capacitors — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 03
Dielectric Nanocomposite Capacitors
903 papers · 15.1% of this block
2022: 258 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 250 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 190 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 140 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 258 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 250 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 190 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 140 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -46% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works investigate ceramic and polymer composites for high‑density, solid‑state energy storage.
Dielectric · Energy storage · Ceramic · Ferroelectricity
“Development of <scp>PVDF</scp> / <scp>PMMA</scp> ‐Cu nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties and energy storage density for capac”
Renewable‑Driven Power System Planning — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 04
Renewable‑Driven Power System Planning
837 papers · 13.9% of this block
2022: 1,681 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,765 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,626 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,184 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,681 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,765 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,626 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 2,184 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +30% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Studies develop models to balance reliability, emissions, and cost in renewable‑rich grids.
Renewable energy · Photovoltaic system · Electricity · Battery
“Optimizing Power System Reliability and Carbon Emissions With a Fuzzy Unit Commitment Model Incorporating Renewable Energy, Load Forecast Er”
Graphene‑Based Supercapacitor Hybrids — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 05
Graphene‑Based Supercapacitor Hybrids
604 papers · 10.1% of this block
2022: 1,429 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,435 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,285 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,429 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,435 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,285 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,162 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▼ -19% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Research highlights graphene electrodes that merge high capacitance with battery‑like energy density.
Supercapacitor · Capacitance · Electrode · Graphene
“A high-performance supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device based on graphene-enhanced electrode materials with ultrahigh energy ”
Microgrid Energy Management — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 06
Microgrid Energy Management
461 papers · 7.7% of this block
2022: 1,084 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,155 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,102 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,526 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 1,084 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 1,155 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 1,102 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 1,526 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +41% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Papers present strategies for coordinating storage, generation, and demand within localized grids.
Microgrid · Energy storage · Renewable energy · Distributed generation
“Power Management of Hybrid Microgrid with Energy Storage System”
Nano‑Enhanced Phase‑Change Storage — Opportunities
Opportunities · theme 07
Nano‑Enhanced Phase‑Change Storage
453 papers · 7.5% of this block
2022: 183 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 190 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 194 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 241 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2022: 183 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2023: 190 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2024: 194 of every 10,000 papers on this subject2025: 241 of every 10,000 papers on this subject▲ +32% share2022→2025 share of research on this subject
Works focus on hybrid materials that boost thermal storage efficiency through nanoscale enhancements.
Thermal energy storage · Thermal · Phase-change material · Latent heat
“Advances in nano-enhanced phase change materials and hybrid thermal energy storage systems: Paving the way for sustainable energy solutions”

Which of these themes are growing fastest

Tracks how the share of different research themes has changed globally between 2022 and 2025.

Problems
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Renewable Grid Integration Issues▲+36%
Energy Storage System Challenges▲+31%
Lithium and Flow Battery Constraints▲+25%
Hydrogen Storage Difficulties▲+15%
Battery Electrode Material Limits▲+8%
Electrolyte Engineering Obstacles▲+4%
Supercapacitor Material Bottlenecks▼-25%
Cautions
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Grid Stability with Renewables▲+36%
Thermal Storage Material Risks▲+32%
Economic Viability of Storage▲+29%
Vanadium Flow Battery Degradation▲+13%
Alternative Battery Chemistry Concerns▲+9%
Battery Thermal Runaway Risks▲+8%
Nanostructured Supercapacitor Safety▼-6%
Opportunities
how much more (or less) of the world’s research on this subject each theme took up, 2022→2025
gaining sharelosing share
Microgrid Energy Management▲+41%
Hybrid Renewable‑Storage Optimization▲+36%
Nano‑Enhanced Phase‑Change Storage▲+32%
Renewable‑Driven Power System Planning▲+30%
Advanced Electrolyte‑Electrode Designs▲+9%
Graphene‑Based Supercapacitor Hybrids▼-19%
Dielectric Nanocomposite Capacitors▼-46%
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About this data: built from Fliar's company, founder, funding, hiring, jobs, news and research trackers, covering the United Kingdom. Counts are of companies we track, not of every company that exists. Updated August 2026.
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