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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE SAN FRANCISCO EDITION 2026

San Francisco’s
environment tech industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping environment tech in San Francisco. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Environment Tech Industry Landscape of San Francisco
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Environment Tech illustration
Companies tracked 273Environment Tech ecosystem in San Francisco Disclosed funding $8.46B126 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 33With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 910 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore San Francisco’s environment tech leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
Environment Tech company highlights in San Francisco, snapshot 4 September 2026
Company
Fervo Energyfervoenergy.com$1.79B6 roles49—
Redaptiveredaptive.com$1.62B—326—
Xpansivxpansiv.com$712.17M5 roles277—
Aurora Solaraurorasolar.com$539.9M—135—
SPANspan.io$421.81M—220—
Dividend Financedividendfinance.com$354.59M—152—
Heirloomheirloomcarbon.com$203.73M—54—
Watershedwatershed.com$185.01M—225—
Adura Technologiesacuitybrands.com—10 roles1,906$4.35BFYFY2025 filing
Spanspan.app—7 roles——
Nevadosnevados.solar—6 roles33—
Vaulted Deepvaulteddeep.com—5 roles——
Sunflower Labssunflower-labs.com—4 roles30—
bauer\'s intelligent transportationbauersit.com—4 roles——
Aether Fuelsaetherfuels.com————
Archer Electricflyarcher.com——836—
AtoBatob.co——183—
Charm Industrialcharmindustrial.com——92—
Circularcircular.co——11—
EZinspectionsezinspections.com——10—
Equilibrium Energyequilibriumenergy.com——43—
Metronomemetronome.com——50—
Molekulemolekule.com——92$616.51KFYFY2021 filing
Precipprecip.ai————
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

Environment Tech industry KPIs in San Francisco

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

4 September 2026
Hiring participation12.1%

33 of 273 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation49.5%

135 of 273 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share48.7%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$6.6M

Midpoint of 284 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 48.7% of disclosed capital, while 50.5% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How San Francisco environment tech has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

San Francisco environment tech
$0$458.06M$916.11M$1.37B$1.83B2016: $91.16M20162017: $91.7M20172018: $172.18M20182019: $564.04M20192020: $499.47M20202021: $676.53M20212022: $1.61B20222023: $1.01B20232024: $1.17B20242025: $1.58B2025
View the numbers
Annual environment tech funding and company formation in San Francisco
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$91.16M1717
2017$91.7M815
2018$172.18M1818
2019$564.04M1518
2020$499.47M1727
2021$676.53M1824
2022$1.61B2430
2023$1.01B1832
2024$1.17B1130
2025$1.58B423
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Fervo Energy21.1%
  • Redaptive19.2%
  • Xpansiv8.4%
  • Other companies51.3%

Funding by stage

339 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel118 34.8%
Series A–B128 37.8%
Series C+ / PE33 9.7%
Grants, debt & other60 17.7%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
3 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Conventional Debt03/2026
Fervo Energy $421M

Backed by J P Morgan and Bank of America and others.

Series B03/2026
Flair Systems —

Backed by RectorSeal and Skyview Ventures and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series C01/2026
SPANspan.io$163.25M

Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 1 reporting entities from 2 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not San Francisco market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 1 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 1 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

1 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
SAN FRANCISCO · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does environment tech compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the San Francisco companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Most-installed apps

30 of these companies (11%) publish at least one Android app — 43 apps in all, carrying 5.1M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Spin - Electric ScootersSpin - Electric Scooter Sharing2.8M4.7Travel & Local
LIFXLifi Labs1.4M2.8Lifestyle
Alpenglow: Sunset PredictionsAlpenglow302.4K4.4Weather
Litterati - The Global Team ClLitterati129.2K3.5Education
Lighter for Philips Hue LightsA Better Home119.3K3.8House & Home
MolekuleMolekule54.1K3.1House & Home
OhmPlugOhmConnect41.8K3.1House & Home
Atmotube PROAtmotube37.2K4.5Health & Fitness
SwiftlaneSwiftlane31.3K4.5Business
FlairFlair Systems27.6K2.8Lifestyle

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q2–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Electric Vehicles32.8MSpin - Electric Scooters 2.8M
Energy Efficiency Tech231.7MLIFX 1.4M
Facility Management Tech221.7MLighter for Philips Hue Lights 119.3K
Smart Homes151.6MMolekule 54.1K
Air Pollution Management Tech9404.1KAlpenglow: Sunset Predictions 302.4K
Solid Waste Management Tech2129.8KLitterati - The Global Team Cl 129.2K
Property Management Tech12124.3KOhmPlug 41.8K
Consumer Electronics E-Commerce254.7KWoosh Air 606

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2022Q4: 22022Q4: 02022Q42023Q2: 12023Q2: 02023Q22023Q4: 32023Q4: 12023Q42024Q2: 12024Q2: 42024Q22024Q3: 12024Q3: 12024Q32024Q4: 12024Q4: 12024Q42025Q1: 12025Q1: 02025Q12025Q3: 12025Q3: 32025Q32025Q4: 12025Q4: 52025Q4

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 43 of 43 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2025Q4, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The San Francisco environment tech market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech211
Enterprise software88
Consumer digital68
Saas60
Circular economy42
Deep tech37
Energy saas36
Carbon capture and offset30
Smart buildings29
Solar energy tech24
Geoengineering19
Consumer internet of things18

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

211companies
12.8%have hiring activity

27 companies hiring · $7.93B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription182
Physical commerce61
E-commerce - product30
Commission on transaction28
Fee-for-service26
Advertising10
E-commerce - service9
Lending4
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
IPO activityfervoenergy.com ↗

Fervo Energy said on Monday it was targeting a valuation of up to US$6.5 billion in its initial public offering in the United States. The Houston-based energy developer also said it is aiming to raise up to $1.3 billion in the IPO by offering 55.6 million shares priced between $21 and $24 apiece.

Mergers & acquisitionscscale.io ↗

C.Scale, a building performance data platform, announced that it has acquired the Tally life cycle assessment tool from Building Transparency.

Funding roundsrubi.earth ↗

Rubi, the company pioneering the next era of manufacturing with technology that transforms carbon into essential materials, today announces a $7.5 million funding round and significant commercial traction, including multi-year offtake term sheets worth over $60M with leading fashion brands and manufacturers, eight new commercial partnerships, and moving pilots into larger-scale production testing.

Funding roundsparticle.io ↗

Particle has raised more than $10 million from investors, including Lightspeed and Axel Springer, the owner of Business Insider.

Funding roundsaetherfuels.com ↗

Sustainable fuels technology company Aether Fuels announced it has raised $15 million in convertible note financing, with proceeds aimed at accelerating the development of its first commercial-scale sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) facility in Singapore.

Mergers & acquisitionsmetronome.com ↗

Stripe, the Irish-American fintech services provider, has announced plans to acquire Metronome, a US-based software developer in the billing and invoice space, for an undisclosed amount.

Funding roundsheirloomcarbon.com ↗

Direct air capture (DAC) company Heirloom has secured two new investments from the Development Bank of Japan Inc. (DBJ) and engineering company Chiyoda Corporation.

Funding roundsskycoolsystems.com ↗

The $55 million energy technology program—funded by Wells Fargo & Company and coadministered by NREL—welcomed three startups to its next cohort in the Emerging Tech track.

Funding roundssunflower-labs.com ↗

Sunflower Labs, led by co‑founder & CEO Alex Pachikov, announced three major milestones: a nationwide FAA approval to operate BVLOS (beyond visual line of sight) in nearly all U.S. locations, a new interactive property‑configuration tool, and a $16 million Series B funding round led by Sequoia Capital alongside Alarm.com, DRONE FUND, Gentian Investments, Wakestream Ventures, Atlas Ventures and Daybreak Ventures.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 161 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Funding rounds
53
Contracts
23
Company announcements
15
New products
15
Mergers & acquisitions
14
Earnings
11
Leadership moves
8
Capital infusions
6
Asset acquisitions
5
Layoffs
3
6 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

1 companies with recorded IPO activity

IPO · Nasdaq3 reports

Leadership moves

3 tracked people moves

Terrapass ↗
ERIK

Appointment Executive Chairman

Terrapass ↗
ERIK

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Xpansiv ↗
Kristina Schaefer-Williams

Appointment Senior Vice President of Sales

Xpansiv ↗
Michael Applebaum

Appointment Vice President of Marketing

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Watershed ↗
Watershed agents

AI tools

Watershed ↗
Watershed AI Fellowship

Training program

ClimateAI ↗
Enterprise Climate Planning (ECP) platform

Climate risk modeling platform

Workforce actions

2 companies with reported reductions

Verse ↗

Scale not stated rolesAI automation

58 roleseconomic uncertainty

Regulatory events

2 recorded events

approved to operate across 99% of the U.S.Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

fined for age disclosure failuresOfcom

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

3companies
19period observations
1.8%median reported growth

Median across 16 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
C.Scale→building transparencyAnnounced2026-04-10Not stated in snapshot
digi international→Particle ↗Announced2026-02-02$50.0M
stripe→Metronome ↗Announced2026-01-13Not stated in snapshot
Waypoint Building→PRS HoldcoCompleted2025-12-04Not stated in snapshot
Waypoint Building→PRS REIT (PRSR)Completed2025-10-07Not stated in snapshot
Na→Dimension ↗Rumored2025-06-09Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

378 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 666-posting snapshot covers 54 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Sales Engineer10
Product Manager9
Pacu Registered Nurse8
Head Of Infrastructure6
Marketing Operations Manager6
Water Reuse Operator6
0 internship postings

81 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

154 postings specify a level.

unspecified
512
manager
88
senior
37
lead
20
intern
6
entry
3

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 666 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Python
25
React
23
Postgres
17
Salesforce
17
Sql
15
Ruby
14
Typescript
12
Aws
11
Ai
10
Hubspot
9
ADVERTISED PAY$70.5K/ year

Median across 45 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

249 founders and chief executives across 155 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

93 profiles with education records.

Stanford University
28
Harvard University
12
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
12
University of California (Berkeley)
10
Yale University
8
Stanford Business School
7
University of Pennsylvania
6
Harvard Business School
4

Prior employers

17 profiles with prior-work records.

Bain
4
Google
3
McKinsey
2
Facebook
2
Boston Consulting Group
2
Microsoft
1
Cisco
1
Goldman Sachs
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

6,102 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
6,102articles in the measured year
1,544articles in 2026Q1
72.5%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Environment Tech coverage tagged San Francisco · articles per complete quarter

08231,6452,4683,2902021Q2: 1,8272021Q22021Q3: 2,0642021Q4: 1,6552022Q1: 1,8232022Q2: 1,4882022Q22022Q3: 1,4492022Q4: 1,3522023Q1: 1,7932023Q2: 1,9192023Q22023Q3: 1,4032023Q4: 1,6602024Q1: 1,6452024Q2: 1,6112024Q22024Q3: 1,5942024Q4: 1,5592025Q1: 2,8612025Q2: 1,4732025Q22025Q3: 1,8582025Q4: 1,2792026Q1: 1,5442026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q21,827
2021Q32,064
2021Q41,655
2022Q11,823
2022Q21,488
2022Q31,449
2022Q41,352
2023Q11,793
2023Q21,919
2023Q31,403
2023Q41,660
2024Q11,645
2024Q21,611
2024Q31,594
2024Q41,559
2025Q12,861
2025Q21,473
2025Q31,858
2025Q41,279
2026Q11,544

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
3,909 positive · 46 neutral · 1,935 negative
2022
4,231 positive · 37 neutral · 1,840 negative
2023
4,563 positive · 30 neutral · 2,178 negative
2024
4,749 positive · 37 neutral · 1,618 negative
2025
5,407 positive · 47 neutral · 2,006 negative

Leading coverage topics

Environment Tech coverage tagged San Francisco · ranked by full-period article count.

Climate Change Mitigation Strategies43,521 articles in the full recorded period
7,445 recent · 7,856 prior
Climate Activism And Youth Movements38,890 articles in the full recorded period
7,267 recent · 7,107 prior
Covid 19 Vaccine Development And Efficacy Trials32,567 articles in the full recorded period
3,470 recent · 762 prior
Solar Photovoltaic (Pv) Energy Systems32,121 articles in the full recorded period
7,726 recent · 7,341 prior
Air Quality Improvement Initiatives30,253 articles in the full recorded period
5,997 recent · 6,528 prior
Biodiversity Conservation Efforts29,085 articles in the full recorded period
6,421 recent · 5,961 prior
Renewable Energy Sources And Technologies27,240 articles in the full recorded period
5,041 recent · 5,085 prior
Ocean Conservation And Marine Protection25,955 articles in the full recorded period
6,348 recent · 5,069 prior
Environmental Policy Debates24,582 articles in the full recorded period
5,453 recent · 5,941 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations23,612 articles in the full recorded period
5,558 recent · 5,632 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United States comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
artemis program3,7162411442%
vaccine candidates2,937648353%
vaccine trials2,708640323%
vaccination campaigns2,602472451%
vaccine immunogenicity2,298519343%
mass vaccination sites1,925219779%
marine ecosystem1,8931,24952%
ocean sanctuaries1,7911,17153%
vaccination coverage1,482168782%
freshwater advocacy1,38791252%
air quality standards1,1902,825-58%
pollution monitoring1,0112,207-54%
hazardous air quality2541,717-85%
climate diplomacy9441,617-42%
climate governance9751,615-40%

Event and signal lenses

United States comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

373,338 classified articles

clean energy mandates, climate protests, solar electricity generation

52.2% critical · 36.8% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

117,529 classified articles

pollution control statutes, air quality standards, clean air advocacy

50.9% critical · 48.5% positive
Rising

Growth

128,190 classified articles

dc fast-charging deployment, charging corridor development, solar electricity generation

43.6% critical · 51.3% positive

Environment Tech coverage tagged San Francisco. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Environment Tech research is working on

3,039 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
3,039papers
31,492worldwide comparison pool
3,039India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Descriptive
1,128
Promising
737
Breakthrough
481
Problem-identifying
467
Cautionary
156
Comparative
67
Critical
3

Contribution mix

Empirical
1,576
Methods-led
954
Reviews
375
Position pieces
131
Theoretical
3

Tone counts: 2,433 positive · 254 neutral · 352 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
470 papers · 15.5% of this field
  • Environmental monitoring126 papers
  • Water quality50 papers
  • Environmental resource management34 papers
  • Human health30 papers
  • Air quality index28 papers
  • Environmental planning25 papers
  • Pollutant24 papers
  • Sustainability24 papers

Landmark: Recent advances in nanomaterials for water protection and monitoring

Cautions
156 papers · 5.1% of this field
  • Environmental monitoring36 papers
  • Contamination18 papers
  • Air pollution15 papers
  • Pollution15 papers
  • Pollutant12 papers
  • Water quality12 papers
  • Sampling11 papers
  • Air quality index10 papers

Landmark: Past, present, and future perspectives of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding: A systematic review in methods, monitoring, and applicatio

Opportunities
1,218 papers · 40.1% of this field
  • Environmental monitoring344 papers
  • Water quality118 papers
  • Air quality index104 papers
  • Air pollution85 papers
  • Wireless sensor network78 papers
  • Sampling69 papers
  • Software deployment67 papers
  • Remote sensing66 papers

Landmark: Tracking complex mixtures of chemicals in our changing environment

Leading institutions

Environmental Protection Agency
3,828
North Carolina State University
3,760
National Research Council
1,387
Research Triangle Park Foundation
1,327
The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley
1,205
United States Geological Survey
1,028

Leading researchers

Laurent Lebreton
3,731
Joost van der Zwet
3,731
Jan-Willem Damsteeg
3,731
Boyan Slat
3,731
Anthony L. Andrady
3,731
Md Saydur Rahman
1,186
Krista M. Ruppert
1,184
Richard J. Kline
1,184

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Environmental sensor networks in ecological research165 citations
  • State-of-the-art lab chip sensors for environmental water monitoring153 citations
  • Measurement of Cyanobacterial Bloom Magnitude using Satellite Remote Sensing140 citations
  • Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens140 citations
  • Linking Public Participation in Scientific Research to the Indicators and Needs of International Environmental Agreements134 citations

Common problems researchers identify

421 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Monitoring Earth SystemsCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Monitoring Earth Systems

82 papers

19.5% of this theme group

Researchers highlight gaps in remote sensing and aerial platforms for tracking environmental change and resource management.

Environmental monitoring (47) · Remote sensing (9) · Earth system science (5) · Environmental resource management (14)

On the Use of Unmanned Aerial Systems for Environmental Monitoring

Remote sensing of environmental change over China: A review

View research history
YearShare index
20221611.4
20231683.1
20241828.3
20251283.3
Assessing Human Health RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Assessing Human Health Risks

75 papers

17.8% of this theme group

Papers flag challenges in evaluating toxic impacts of chemicals and pharmaceuticals on ecosystems and public health.

Risk assessment (18) · Human health (16) · Environmental impact assessment (9) · Hazardous waste (6)

Effect-Based Tools for Monitoring and Predicting the Ecotoxicological Effects of Chemicals in the Aquatic Environment

Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products in the Aquatic Environment: How Can Regions at Risk be Identified in the Future?

View research history
YearShare index
2022410.6
2023430.5
2024437.9
2025562.7
Water Quality SurveillanceCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Water Quality Surveillance

71 papers

16.9% of this theme group

Studies point to limitations in current methods for detecting contaminants and managing groundwater and wastewater safety.

Water quality (36) · Groundwater (9) · Hydrology (7) · Wastewater (8)

Recent advances in nanomaterials for water protection and monitoring

Future water quality monitoring: improving the balance between exposure and toxicity assessments of real-world pollutant mixtures

View research history
YearShare index
2022762.5
2023732.7
2024661.1
2025723.9
Marine Debris DetectionCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Marine Debris Detection

61 papers

14.5% of this theme group

Researchers note insufficient monitoring of plastics and algal blooms across marine and freshwater environments.

Marine debris (10) · Aquatic ecosystem (14) · Microplastics (12) · Sampling (8)

Integrative monitoring strategy for marine and freshwater harmful algal blooms and toxins across the freshwater-to-marine continuum

Towards a North Pacific long-term monitoring program for ocean plastic pollution: A systematic review and recommendations for shorelines

View research history
YearShare index
2022144.5
2023143.1
2024152.4
2025188.9
Biodiversity Tracking GapsCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Biodiversity Tracking Gaps

59 papers

14.0% of this theme group

Works emphasize the need for standardized citizen‑science and monitoring frameworks to capture ecosystem diversity.

Biodiversity (11) · Environmental resource management (16) · Citizen science (8) · Ecosystem (10)

NABat: A top-down, bottom-up solution to collaborative continental-scale monitoring

Triton Field Trials: Promoting Consistent Environmental Monitoring Methodologies for Marine Energy Sites

View research history
YearShare index
20221039.3
20231063.0
20241092.7
2025873.6
Pathogen Surveillance ShortfallsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Pathogen Surveillance Shortfalls

40 papers

9.5% of this theme group

Papers identify weak links in detecting airborne and waterborne disease agents for early outbreak response.

Warning system (6) · Pandemic (4) · Outbreak (3) · Infectious disease (3)

Monitoring airborne inoculum for improved plant disease management. A review

Environmental monitoring to enhance comprehension and control of infectious diseases

View research history
YearShare index
2022130.8
202393.9
202463.8
202556.6
Air Pollution Measurement IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Air Pollution Measurement Issues

33 papers

7.8% of this theme group

Studies reveal constraints in sensor accuracy and coverage for particulate and gaseous pollutants.

Air quality index (24) · Air pollution (20) · Air monitoring (8) · Particulates (6)

Electrochemical Sensors for Air Quality Monitoring

IoT sensor nodes for air pollution monitoring: A review

View research history
YearShare index
2022355.4
2023344.6
2024306.8
2025401.0

Cautions

149 papers · 4 recurring themes
4 cards

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eDNA Methodological RisksCautions · 01

eDNA Methodological Risks

48 papers

32.2% of this theme group

Researchers caution about sampling design, contamination, and interpretation challenges in environmental DNA monitoring.

Environmental DNA (6) · Biodiversity (6) · Citizen science (5) · Environmental resource management (6)

Past, present, and future perspectives of environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding: A systematic review in methods, monitoring, and applicatio

Sampling Designs for Landscape-level eDNA Monitoring Programs

View research history
YearShare index
2022270.9
2023274.0
2024255.1
2025309.2
Passive Sampler UncertaintiesCautions · 02

Passive Sampler Uncertainties

43 papers

28.9% of this theme group

Works advise careful validation of passive devices for water contaminants and heterogeneous exposure assessments.

Risk assessment (7) · Water quality (8) · Environmental monitoring (13) · Contamination (8)

Performance of passive samplers for monitoring estuarine water column concentrations: 1. Contaminants of concern

Heterogeneity in biological assemblages and exposure in chemical risk assessment: Exploring capabilities and challenges in methodology with

View research history
YearShare index
2022637.1
2023607.0
2024585.6
2025696.6
Low‑Cost Air Sensors LimitsCautions · 03

Low‑Cost Air Sensors Limits

32 papers

21.5% of this theme group

Papers warn of calibration, data quality, and bias issues in affordable particulate monitoring technologies.

Air pollution (14) · Air quality index (10) · Environmental monitoring (17) · Particulates (6)

Monitoring Particulate Matter with Wearable Sensors and the Influence on Student Environmental Attitudes

Air Pollution Monitoring Using Cost-Effective Devices Enhanced by Machine Learning

View research history
YearShare index
2022411.5
2023394.0
2024356.6
2025470.2
Complex Contaminant Analysis RisksCautions · 04

Complex Contaminant Analysis Risks

26 papers

17.4% of this theme group

Studies highlight difficulties in detecting emerging pollutants and interpreting seasonal ecological risk patterns.

Contamination (9) · Pollutant (6) · Effluent (3) · Pollution (5)

Going Beyond the Analysis of Common Contaminants: Target, Suspect, and Non-Target Analysis of Complex Environmental Matrices by High-Resolut

Seasonality and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHS in environmental media and food crops of Ibaa, Niger Delta, Nigeri

View research history
YearShare index
2022687.9
2023656.1
2024583.0
2025664.0

Opportunities

1,111 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Integrated Monitoring PlatformsOpportunities · 01

Integrated Monitoring Platforms

271 papers

24.4% of this theme group

Researchers explore system‑engineered IoT and remote sensing solutions for real‑time environmental data integration.

Environmental monitoring (144) · Systems engineering (16) · Remote sensing (35) · Environmental data (28)

An integrated system for urban environmental monitoring and management based on the Environmental Internet of Things

Real-Time Geo-awareness – Sensor Data Integration for Environmental Monitoring in the City

View research history
YearShare index
20221637.3
20231711.8
20241859.0
20251299.1
Advanced Chemical SensingOpportunities · 02

Advanced Chemical Sensing

242 papers

21.8% of this theme group

Papers present novel sensors and analytical workflows for comprehensive detection of contaminants in diverse ecosystems.

Contamination (42) · Environmental chemistry (21) · Pesticide (15) · Environmental monitoring (72)

Detecting marine hazardous substances and organisms: sensors for pollutants, toxins, and pathogens

Monitoring of Environmental Contaminants in Mixed-Use Watersheds Combining Targeted and Nontargeted Analysis with Passive Sampling

View research history
YearShare index
2022791.4
2023754.3
2024666.4
2025609.8
eDNA for Biodiversity InsightOpportunities · 03

eDNA for Biodiversity Insight

184 papers

16.6% of this theme group

Works showcase emerging applications of environmental DNA to monitor species presence across marine and freshwater habitats.

Biodiversity (38) · Environmental DNA (35) · Habitat (25) · Ecosystem (24)

Environmental DNA (eDNA) for monitoring marine mammals: Challenges and opportunities

Effectiveness assessment of using riverine water eDNA to simultaneously monitor the riverine and riparian biodiversity information

View research history
YearShare index
2022417.8
2023405.7
2024347.3
2025397.9
Smart Air Quality NetworksOpportunities · 04

Smart Air Quality Networks

135 papers

12.2% of this theme group

Studies develop multi‑objective sensor arrays and GIS models to optimize air monitoring and public health outcomes.

Air quality index (93) · Air pollution (79) · Air monitoring (22) · Particulates (21)

A multi-objective assessment of an air quality monitoring network using environmental, economic, and social indicators and GIS-based models

Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements

View research history
YearShare index
2022355.4
2023344.6
2024306.8
2025401.0
ICT‑Driven Water MonitoringOpportunities · 05

ICT‑Driven Water Monitoring

119 papers

10.7% of this theme group

Researchers advance high‑resolution sensor and communication technologies for continuous surface water quality assessment.

Water quality (85) · Hydrology (16) · Environmental monitoring (42) · Surface water (12)

Recent Advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT) and Sensor Technology for Monitoring Water Quality

A Multi-sensor Process for In-Situ Monitoring of Water Pollution in Rivers or Lakes for High-Resolution Quantitative and Qualitative Water Q

View research history
YearShare index
2022606.3
2023578.6
2024552.8
2025639.0
Algal Bloom Early WarningOpportunities · 06

Algal Bloom Early Warning

83 papers

7.5% of this theme group

Papers propose satellite and in‑situ sensing strategies to predict harmful cyanobacterial events and protect water resources.

Algal bloom (19) · Coral reef (6) · Coral (6) · Bloom (5)

Satellite monitoring of cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom frequency in recreational waters and drinking water sources

Cyanobacteria as indicators of water quality in Campania coasts, Italy: a monitoring strategy combining remote/proximal sensing and<i>in sit

View research history
YearShare index
202238.4
202335.7
202430.4
202535.3
Low‑Power Sensor NetworksOpportunities · 07

Low‑Power Sensor Networks

77 papers

6.9% of this theme group

Works demonstrate wireless, energy‑efficient deployments for broad environmental parameter tracking in remote locations.

Wireless sensor network (66) · Wireless (18) · Environmental monitoring (33) · Software deployment (14)

Design and implementation of low-power wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring

A Wireless Sensor Network for Environmental Monitoring of Greenhouse Gases

View research history
YearShare index
2022375.2
2023334.3
2024256.1
2025308.4

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Descriptive37.1%17.5%
Promising24.3%37.4%
Breakthrough15.8%26.1%
Problem-identifying15.4%9.6%
Cautionary5.1%4.6%
Comparative2.2%3.8%
Critical0.1%1.0%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceThe Post-COVID-19 Era: Interdisciplinary Demands of Contagion Surveillance Mass Spectrometry for Future Pandemics521.96%13 (25.0%)1.01%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainRadionuclides of the Savannah River Site Environment: Recent Data and Monitoring Techniques in Support of WAES TTX#3180.68%1 (5.6%)0.43%
Energy & datacenter footprintEnergy-Efficient Edge Computing Architectures for Remote Environmental Monitoring Using Lightweight Containers10.04%0 (0.0%)0.04%
Carbon & emissions of computeAI for carbon emissions monitoring: Computer vision and remote sensing for automated carbon emissions tracking10.04%0 (0.0%)0.02%
Safety & misusenanoSiPM: Integrating Radiation Monitoring and IoT Relay in a Dual-Use Picosatellite Constellation10.04%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Bias & fairness00.0%0 (%)0.03%
Concentration of compute power00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Environment Tech in San Francisco: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

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Put San Francisco in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 4 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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