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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE THE UNITED STATES EDITION 2026

the United States’s
ev makers and components industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping ev makers and components in the United States. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for EV Makers and Components Industry Landscape of the United States
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

EV Makers and Components illustration
Companies tracked 328EV Makers and Components ecosystem in the United States Disclosed funding $27.51B89 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 22With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 530 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore the United States’s ev makers and components leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
EV Makers and Components company highlights in the United States, snapshot 3 September 2026
Company
Tesla$12.37B———
Faraday Futureff.com$4.23B—586$536KFYFY2025 filing
Lucidlucidmotors.com$3.26B—6,500$1.35BFYFY2025 filing
BETAbeta.team$1.83B—535—
Fiskerfiskerinc.com$1.11B—1,195Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Zero Motorcycleszeromotorcycles.com$589.21M—224—
Workhorse Groupworkhorse.com$518.78M—298$21.21MFYFY2025 filing
ALSOridealso.com$505M3 roles——
Saildronesaildrone.com—7 roles250—
Stafl Systemsstaflsystems.com—6 roles52—
Hyliionhyliion.com—5 roles85$3.48MFYFY2025 filing
Fleetzerofleetzero.com—4 roles14—
SERESdriveseres.com—4 roles53Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Bimotalbimotal.com—3 roles10Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Whisper Aerowhisper.aero—3 roles25—
Aptera Motorsaptera.us——91—
Axial Adventureaxialadventure.com————
Boson Motorsbosonmotors.com——98Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
BrightDropgobrightdrop.com——394—
Karma Automotivekarmaautomotive.com——415—
LiveWirelivewire.com——212$25.67MFYFY2025 filing
Monarch Tractormonarchtractor.com——11—
Ryvidryvid.com——33—
ZeroAviazeroavia.com——200—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

EV Makers and Components industry KPIs in the United States

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

3 September 2026
Hiring participation6.7%

22 of 328 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation30.5%

100 of 328 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share72.2%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$7M

Midpoint of 238 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 72.2% of disclosed capital, while 69.5% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How the United States ev makers and components has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

the United States ev makers and components
$0$1.61B$3.21B$4.82B$6.42B2016: $2.3B20162017: $4.89B20172018: $2.54B20182019: $1.48B20192020: $5.63B20202021: $1.32B20212022: $929.89M20222023: $769.72M20232024: $871.67M20242025: $2.08B2025
View the numbers
Annual ev makers and components funding and company formation in the United States
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$2.3B138
2017$4.89B1713
2018$2.54B1513
2019$1.48B2318
2020$5.63B2014
2021$1.32B2117
2022$929.89M1921
2023$769.72M1315
2024$871.67M819
2025$2.08B218
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Tesla45.0%
  • Faraday Future15.4%
  • Lucid11.9%
  • Other companies27.8%

Funding by stage

294 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel73 24.8%
Series A–B76 25.9%
Series C+ / PE60 20.4%
Grants, debt & other85 28.9%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
6 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Post IPO04/2026
Lucid $750M

Backed by Uber and Ayar Third Investment.

Series C03/2026
ALSO $200M

Backed by DoorDash and Greenoaks and others.

Series C03/2026
Arc Boats $50M

Backed by Eclipse and Andreessen Horowitz and others.

Series A03/2026
Scalvy $13.9M

Backed by Silicon Badia and Azolla Ventures and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series C10/2024
BETAbeta.team$469.62M

Backed by Qatar Investment Authority and Fidelity Investments and others.

Series A05/2021
BETAbeta.team$368M

Backed by Fidelity Investments and RedBird Capital Partners and others.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 5 reporting entities from 9 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United States market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 5 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 5 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

5 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
THE UNITED STATES · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does ev makers and components compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the the United States companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Most-installed apps

18 of these companies (5.5%) publish at least one Android app — 23 apps in all, carrying 92.8K installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
My FiskerFisker50.8K2Auto & Vehicles
Zero Motorcycles NextGenZero Motorcycles17.3K2Lifestyle
Lucid MotorsLucid16.7K3Auto & Vehicles
BETA TechnologiesBETA1.8K—Maps & Navigation
LiveWire ONELiveWire1.4K2.4Lifestyle
LiveWire S2LiveWire1K3.4Lifestyle
Faraday FutureFaraday Future652—Auto & Vehicles
Karma Automotive Inc.Karma Automotive6034.1Auto & Vehicles
DutchX Powered by ZadarDutch X593—Business
WingspanAIMonarch Tractor440—Auto & Vehicles

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q1–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Electric Vehicles2292.2KMy Fisker 50.8K
Crop Tech4640WingspanAI 440
Maritime Tech241Ingenity Connect 30

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q1: 12023Q1: 12023Q12023Q2: 52023Q2: 02023Q22023Q4: 12023Q4: 02023Q42024Q2: 12024Q2: 02024Q22025Q2: 22025Q2: 02025Q22025Q4: 22025Q4: 22025Q42026Q1: 22026Q1: 42026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 23 of 23 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The the United States ev makers and components market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Green transport323
Consumer digital201
Enterprise tech155
Deep tech18
Enterprise software13
Solar energy tech11
E-commerce logistics9
Commerce enablers9
Internet of vehicles8
Autonomous robotics7
Hydrogen fuel cell vehicles6
Saas5

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Green transport

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

323companies
6.8%have hiring activity

22 companies hiring · $22.16B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Physical commerce257
E-commerce - product159
Fee-for-service31
Commission on transaction27
Subscription26
E-commerce - service12
Advertising10
Licensing3
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Funding roundsff.com ↗

Faraday Future announced it has secured $45 million in financing through an agreement with a U.S. institutional investor.

Mergers & acquisitionsmonarchtractor.com ↗

Caterpillar Inc. has acquired self-driving electric tractor startup Monarch Tractor, according to people familiar with the matter.

Funding roundsarcboats.com ↗

Arc Boats has now raised a total of $150.0M in total equity funding and is backed by Andreessen Horowitz, Eclipse Ventures, Lowercarbon Capital, Menlo Ventures, Necessary Ventures, and Offline Ventures.

Funding roundsvectrix.com ↗

Antwerp-based Vectrix, an AI-powered order entry platform for the logistics industry has secured €1.15 million in a seed funding round led by RDY Ventures to support its expansion into European markets, beginning with countries neighboring Belgium.

Funding roundsaptera.us ↗

Gross proceeds from the offering are expected to be approximately $9 million, before deducting placement agent fees and other offering expenses.

Funding roundsfleetzero.com ↗

Fleetzero (Auburn, Alabama) – Battery technology: $43 million Series A

Funding roundszeroavia.com ↗

ZeroAvia, an electric aviation startup developing hydrogen fuel‑cell engines, announced additional funding led by climate‑focused investors on Dec. 22.

Funding roundsnavierboat.com ↗

Navier announced a $5.6 million seed funding round led by GV, HCVC, and Y Combinator.

Mergers & acquisitionsworkhorse.com ↗

Workhorse Group Inc. (Nasdaq: WKHS) (“Workhorse” or the “Company”), an American manufacturer of zero‑emission commercial vehicles, and Motiv Electric Trucks (“Motiv”), a leading manufacturer of medium‑duty electric trucks and buses, today announced that they have completed their merger and are moving forward as Workhorse, a leading North American manufacturer of medium‑duty electric trucks and buses.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 277 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Company announcements
63
Leadership moves
39
Earnings
39
Contracts
27
Funding rounds
23
Regulatory
21
Mergers & acquisitions
18
Capital infusions
11
Job creation
9
Asset acquisitions
8
6 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

3 companies with recorded IPO activity

Direct Listing · Nasdaq3 reports

Hyliion ↗

SPAC · New York Stock Exchange1 reports

Lucid ↗

IPO · NASDAQ4 reports

Leadership moves

13 tracked people moves

Lucid ↗
Marc Winterhoff

Departure Previously interim Chief Executive Officer

Lucid ↗
Silvio Napoli

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Lucid ↗
Marc Winteroff

Promotion Chief Operating Officer

Tony Kirton

Appointment Chairman of the Board of Directors

Pierre-Martin Bos

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Sam Paschel

Appointment Advisor to the Management Committee

Hyliion ↗
Darrell Preble

Appointment Vice President of Operations

Regulatory events

27 recorded events

Issued Wells Notices to executivesUS Securities and Exchange Commission

Received notice for failing to meet $1/share price requirementNasdaq

No action takenUS Securities and Exchange Commission

sent Wells NoticesUnited States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)

Litigation

5 tracked suits

Company
Zaptera USA, Inc. v aptera motors

Civil · Settled

Company
United States Securities and Exchange Commission v faraday future

misleading statements during the 2021 SPAC merger and related anti‑fraud violationsRegulatory · Settled

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
caterpillar→Monarch Tractor ↗Rumored2026-04-19Not stated in snapshot
Workhorse Group→Motiv Electric TrucksCompleted2025-12-15Not stated in snapshot
GM→Pure Watercraft ↗Announced2025-08-09$150.0M
Richard Li→Fisker ↗Announced2025-08-04Not stated in snapshot
Workhorse Group→NaRumored2025-08-04Not stated in snapshot
Utility Fleet Vehicles→UBCO ↗Completed2025-07-22Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

762 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 906-posting snapshot covers 26 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Customer Experience Specialist24
Service Advisor23
Service Assistant18
Seasonal Customer Experience Specialist17
Solar Maintenance Technician, Residential Energy Service16
Collision Technician13
0 internship postings

0 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

227 postings specify a level.

unspecified
679
senior
103
manager
91
lead
17
intern
16

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 906 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Python
10
Redis
5
Postgresql
5
Java
4
Robotics
4
Mysql
4
Go
4
Gcp
4
Terraform
3
Sap
3
ADVERTISED PAY$150.0K/ year

Median across 45 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

221 founders and chief executives across 170 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

33 profiles with education records.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
8
Harvard University
5
Harvard Business School
4
Imperial College London
3
Stanford University
3
University of California (Berkeley)
2
University of Cambridge
2
Columbia University
2

Prior employers

10 profiles with prior-work records.

McKinsey
3
Google
2
Paypal
1
Amazon
1
Uber
1
Cisco
1
Apple
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

147,013 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
147,013articles in the measured year
38,172articles in 2026Q1
66.1%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

EV Makers and Components coverage across United States · articles per complete quarter

015,15130,30145,45260,6032021Q2: 25,3622021Q22021Q3: 27,1962021Q4: 26,1222022Q1: 29,4342022Q2: 32,6172022Q22022Q3: 30,6192022Q4: 32,0542023Q1: 34,3912023Q2: 33,9442023Q22023Q3: 36,9872023Q4: 35,6232024Q1: 38,5062024Q2: 38,5002024Q22024Q3: 43,8732024Q4: 37,7752025Q1: 52,6982025Q2: 36,4872025Q22025Q3: 43,9812025Q4: 30,3492026Q1: 38,1722026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q225,362
2021Q327,196
2021Q426,122
2022Q129,434
2022Q232,617
2022Q330,619
2022Q432,054
2023Q134,391
2023Q233,944
2023Q336,987
2023Q435,623
2024Q138,506
2024Q238,500
2024Q343,873
2024Q437,775
2025Q152,698
2025Q236,487
2025Q343,981
2025Q430,349
2026Q138,172

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
61,490 positive · 906 neutral · 21,650 negative
2022
85,899 positive · 1,562 neutral · 37,168 negative
2023
97,852 positive · 854 neutral · 42,152 negative
2024
108,392 positive · 1,093 neutral · 49,061 negative
2025
108,063 positive · 1,101 neutral · 54,212 negative

Leading coverage topics

EV Makers and Components coverage across United States · ranked by full-period article count.

Electric Vehicle (Ev) Technology And Innovations30,077 articles in the full recorded period
6,301 recent · 5,688 prior
Electric Vehicle (Ev) Technology18,387 articles in the full recorded period
3,813 recent · 4,154 prior
Automotive Industry Market Trends15,533 articles in the full recorded period
2,810 recent · 3,920 prior
Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure13,563 articles in the full recorded period
2,676 recent · 2,961 prior
Ev Charging Station Network Expansion11,338 articles in the full recorded period
2,037 recent · 2,209 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations10,412 articles in the full recorded period
2,217 recent · 2,032 prior
Government Incentives For Alternative Fuel Vehicles8,705 articles in the full recorded period
2,279 recent · 1,864 prior
Tesla Motors Stock Performance & Financial Reports8,482 articles in the full recorded period
1,974 recent · 2,307 prior
Alternative Fuel Vehicle Technologies8,310 articles in the full recorded period
1,705 recent · 1,787 prior
Hybrid Vehicle Development7,782 articles in the full recorded period
1,499 recent · 1,472 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

EV Makers and Components coverage across United States

KeywordRecentPriorChange
tesla autopilot1,7261,04465%
tesla vision1,42996748%
luxury yachts666228192%
yacht amenities656210212%
yacht interiors653191242%
sport yachts649218198%
flybridge yachts626200213%
robotic taxi service603298102%
kia fuel economy59087578%
yacht helipads587134338%
tariff negotiations3141,214-74%
tesla truck255697-63%
hydrogen vehicle prototypes318656-52%
preferential tariff208575-64%
hydrogen powertrain control263506-48%

Event and signal lenses

EV Makers and Components coverage across United States

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

118,411 classified articles

tesla autopilot, tesla vision, ev powertrain advancements

48.6% critical · 35.5% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

31,288 classified articles

charging corridor development, dc fast-charging deployment, next-generation ev platforms

48.6% critical · 51.2% positive
Rising

Growth

79,421 classified articles

dc fast-charging deployment, charging corridor development, vehicle sales forecasts

39.9% critical · 43.0% positive

EV Makers and Components coverage across United States. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What EV Makers and Components research is working on

5,554 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
5,554papers
51,278worldwide comparison pool
5,554India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Promising
2,617
Breakthrough
1,058
Descriptive
638
Problem-identifying
538
Comparative
381
Cautionary
279
Critical
43

Contribution mix

Methods-led
3,385
Empirical
1,629
Reviews
386
Position pieces
128
Theoretical
26

Tone counts: 5,241 positive · 138 neutral · 175 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
581 papers · 10.5% of this field
  • Electric vehicle341 papers
  • Automotive engineering127 papers
  • Battery123 papers
  • Electrification65 papers
  • Grid50 papers
  • Automotive industry45 papers
  • Electricity43 papers
  • Transport engineering43 papers

Landmark: Electrical energy storage for transportation—approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries

Cautions
279 papers · 5.0% of this field
  • Electric vehicle142 papers
  • Automotive engineering91 papers
  • Battery63 papers
  • Electrification41 papers
  • Electricity39 papers
  • Grid35 papers
  • Greenhouse gas27 papers
  • Range21 papers

Landmark: A Stochastic Optimal Control Approach for Power Management in Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Opportunities
3,675 papers · 66.2% of this field
  • Electric vehicle1,830 papers
  • Automotive engineering1,117 papers
  • Battery739 papers
  • Grid386 papers
  • Powertrain272 papers
  • Electricity242 papers
  • Charging station240 papers
  • Electrical engineering232 papers

Landmark: A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Leading institutions

Illinois Institute of Technology
11,860
Argonne National Laboratory
9,050
University of California, Berkeley
8,622
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
7,171
The Ohio State University
5,933
University of Michigan–Dearborn
5,920

Leading researchers

Chris Mı
6,072
Alireza Khaligh
5,472
Ali Emadi
5,426
Eric Sortomme
3,091
Scott Moura
2,994
Siqi Li
2,941
Srdjan Lukic
2,720
Xiao Hu
2,518

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • A New Battery/UltraCapacitor Hybrid Energy Storage System for Electric, Hybrid, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles1,160 citations
  • Optimal decentralized protocol for electric vehicle charging979 citations
  • Classification and Review of Control Strategies for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles686 citations
  • Flexible Charging Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Grid Constraints556 citations
  • Advanced Integrated Bidirectional AC/DC and DC/DC Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles471 citations

Common problems researchers identify

542 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Battery Degradation and MaterialsCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Battery Degradation and Materials

106 papers

19.6% of this theme group

Researchers highlight durability issues and material challenges in lithium‑based battery packs for electric vehicles.

Battery (87) · Automotive engineering (44) · Lithium (12) · Electric vehicle (65)

Electric Drive Technology Trends, Challenges, and Opportunities for Future Electric Vehicles

Battery Degradation in Electric and Hybrid Electric Vehicles: A Survey Study

View research history
YearShare index
20221344.3
20231321.3
20241076.5
2025454.9
Adoption Barriers and IncentivesCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Adoption Barriers and Incentives

99 papers

18.3% of this theme group

Studies examine economic, infrastructural, and perception obstacles that hinder widespread electric vehicle uptake.

Electric vehicle (72) · Incentive (18) · Perception (7) · Environmental economics (17)

Vehicle Electrification: Status and Issues

Evaluation of barriers to electric vehicle adoption: A study of technological, environmental, financial, and infrastructure factors

View research history
YearShare index
20221115.1
20231154.7
2024910.1
2025444.5
Charging Infrastructure LimitationsCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Charging Infrastructure Limitations

97 papers

17.9% of this theme group

Papers point to technical and deployment constraints of fast‑charging stations and software integration for EVs.

Electric vehicle (76) · Charging station (19) · Software deployment (20) · Transport engineering (20)

A Review of Extremely Fast Charging Stations for Electric Vehicles

Electric vehicle charging

View research history
YearShare index
2022327.8
2023327.6
2024231.0
2025280.3
Powertrain and Propulsion ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Powertrain and Propulsion Challenges

94 papers

17.3% of this theme group

Research identifies engineering hurdles in compact electric drives and their impact on logistics and transportation.

Automotive engineering (40) · Electric vehicle (59) · Powertrain (15) · Propulsion (7)

Electric Vehicles in Logistics and Transportation: A Survey on Emerging Environmental, Strategic, and Operational Challenges

Enabling Technologies for Compact Integrated Electric Drives for Automotive Traction Applications

View research history
YearShare index
20221332.2
20231312.2
20241057.7
2025484.8
Environmental Impact and SustainabilityCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Environmental Impact and Sustainability

73 papers

13.5% of this theme group

Analyses assess greenhouse‑gas emissions, renewable integration, and lifecycle sustainability of electric vehicle components.

Greenhouse gas (24) · Sustainability (14) · Zero emission (6) · Renewable energy (11)

A Comprehensive Study of Key Electric Vehicle (EV) Components, Technologies, Challenges, Impacts, and Future Direction of Development

An assessment of electric vehicles: technology, infrastructure requirements, greenhouse-gas emissions, petroleum use, material use, lifetime

View research history
YearShare index
20221766.7
20231927.5
20241886.7
20252020.4
Grid Interaction and InteroperabilityCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Grid Interaction and Interoperability

58 papers

10.7% of this theme group

Works discuss how EV charging and vehicle‑to‑grid services affect smart‑grid stability and standards.

Grid (36) · Smart grid (21) · Vehicle-to-grid (8) · Interoperability (6)

Cybersecurity of Smart Electric Vehicle Charging: A Power Grid Perspective

Charging and Discharging of Electric Vehicles in Power Systems: An Updated and Detailed Review of Methods, Control Structures, Objectives, a

View research history
YearShare index
20221501.4
20231522.3
20241262.4
20251419.1
Cybersecurity Risks for EV SystemsCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Cybersecurity Risks for EV Systems

15 papers

2.8% of this theme group

Authors flag vulnerabilities in charging infrastructure and OEM cyber‑physical interfaces.

Computer security (10) · Electric vehicle (12) · Original equipment manufacturer (3) · Cyber-physical system (2)

Review of Electric Vehicle Charger Cybersecurity Vulnerabilities, Potential Impacts, and Defenses

Cybersecurity for Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure

View research history
YearShare index
2022254.9
2023243.4
2024177.5
202573.1

Cautions

267 papers · 5 recurring themes
5 cards

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Grid Load Management ConcernsCautions · 01

Grid Load Management Concerns

79 papers

29.6% of this theme group

Cautionary studies warn about scheduling impacts, battery wear, and price volatility when integrating EVs with the grid.

Grid (28) · Electric vehicle (56) · Vehicle-to-grid (10) · Automotive engineering (32)

Optimal scheduling of electric vehicle charging and vehicle‐to‐grid services at household level including battery degradation and price unce

Charging Choices and Fuel Displacement in a Large-Scale Demonstration of Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

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YearShare index
20222539.7
20232562.3
20242155.0
20251714.4
Policy Incentive EffectivenessCautions · 02

Policy Incentive Effectiveness

58 papers

21.7% of this theme group

Research cautions that subsidies and revenue models may produce unintended economic and adoption outcomes.

Incentive (12) · Electric vehicle (36) · Subsidy (10) · Revenue (7)

Environmental and economic impact of electric vehicle adoption in the U.S

Toward supply side incentive: The impact of government schemes on a vehicle manufacturer's adoption of electric vehicles

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YearShare index
2022178.3
2023180.7
2024126.1
2025164.5
Wireless Charging FeasibilityCautions · 03

Wireless Charging Feasibility

55 papers

20.6% of this theme group

Papers caution about technical and demand‑side challenges of high‑power wireless charging for EV fleets.

Battery (31) · Wireless (6) · Battery pack (6) · Electric vehicle (28)

Strategies for beneficial electric vehicle charging to reduce peak electricity demand and store solar energy

A Framework to Analyze the Requirements of a Multiport Megawatt-Level Charging Station for Heavy-Duty Electric Vehicles

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YearShare index
2022245.6
2023223.8
2024142.0
2025135.2
Model Simplification RisksCautions · 04

Model Simplification Risks

40 papers

15.0% of this theme group

Analyses highlight how oversimplified driving‑cycle models can misguide control strategies for hybrid and electric vehicles.

Driving cycle (12) · Automotive engineering (29) · Fuel efficiency (9) · Diesel fuel (9)

The Electric Vehicle Transition and the Economics of Banning Gasoline Vehicles

Impact of Model Simplification on Optimal Control of Combustion Engine and Electric Vehicles Considering Control Input Constraints

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YearShare index
20221366.0
20231338.9
20241103.7
2025545.8
Life‑Cycle Emissions UncertaintyCautions · 05

Life‑Cycle Emissions Uncertainty

35 papers

13.1% of this theme group

Studies caution that electrification’s net greenhouse‑gas and air‑quality benefits depend on regional energy mixes.

Greenhouse gas (19) · Electrification (13) · Air quality index (3) · Air pollution (3)

Long-term U.S transportation electricity use considering the effect of autonomous-vehicles: Estimates & policy observations

Should India Move toward Vehicle Electrification? Assessing Life-Cycle Greenhouse Gas and Criteria Air Pollutant Emissions of Alternative an

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YearShare index
20221512.4
20231623.1
20241428.9
20251438.9

Opportunities

3,550 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Optimized Charging SchedulingOpportunities · 01

Optimized Charging Scheduling

859 papers

24.2% of this theme group

Opportunities focus on mathematical models that improve charging coordination and reduce system congestion.

Charging station (235) · Electric vehicle (619) · Scheduling (128) · Mathematical optimization (89)

Electric Vehicle Charging Planning: A Complex Systems Perspective

Socially Optimal Charging Strategies for Electric Vehicles

View research history
YearShare index
2022531.5
2023504.3
2024285.4
2025133.6
Energy Consumption and Emissions ModelingOpportunities · 02

Energy Consumption and Emissions Modeling

536 papers

15.1% of this theme group

Research proposes hybrid methods to estimate EV energy use and its impact on greenhouse‑gas reductions.

Electric vehicle (333) · Energy consumption (58) · Greenhouse gas (42) · Environmental economics (40)

A hybrid approach to estimating electric vehicle energy consumption for ecodriving applications

Power System Impacts of Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies

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YearShare index
20223198.2
20233232.6
20242747.2
20252652.3
Advanced Battery Thermal ManagementOpportunities · 03

Advanced Battery Thermal Management

476 papers

13.4% of this theme group

Works explore predictive control techniques for battery temperature and energy efficiency in connected EVs.

Battery (413) · Battery pack (62) · Automotive engineering (221) · Electric vehicle (226)

Two-Layer Model Predictive Battery Thermal and Energy Management Optimization for Connected and Automated Electric Vehicles

Electric Vehicle Optimized Charge and Drive Management

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YearShare index
20221339.5
20231320.8
20241069.8
2025457.7
Torque and Motor Control OptimizationOpportunities · 04

Torque and Motor Control Optimization

453 papers

12.8% of this theme group

Studies develop control‑theory approaches to extend range and improve braking energy recovery.

Control theory (112) · Torque (79) · Automotive engineering (210) · Traction motor (39)

Energy Optimal Control of Motor Drive System for Extending Ranges of Electric Vehicles

Velocity Optimization for Braking Energy Management of In-Wheel Motor Electric Vehicles

View research history
YearShare index
20221330.6
20231310.9
20241049.2
2025461.3
Vehicle‑to‑Grid Smart IntegrationOpportunities · 05

Vehicle‑to‑Grid Smart Integration

428 papers

12.1% of this theme group

Papers present flexible charging and microgrid designs that enable bidirectional power flow between EVs and the grid.

Grid (261) · Smart grid (122) · Vehicle-to-grid (96) · Microgrid (52)

Flexible Charging Optimization for Electric Vehicles Considering Distribution Grid Constraints

Smart Charging: System Design and Implementation for Interaction Between Plug-in Electric Vehicles and the Power Grid

View research history
YearShare index
20221501.4
20231522.3
20241262.4
20251419.1
Wireless Power Transfer SystemsOpportunities · 06

Wireless Power Transfer Systems

406 papers

11.4% of this theme group

Research advances in‑route wireless charging infrastructure and efficient power‑transfer designs for shared EVs.

Electrical engineering (176) · Wireless power transfer (89) · Maximum power transfer theorem (40) · Wireless (65)

System Design and Optimization of In-Route Wireless Charging Infrastructure for Shared Automated Electric Vehicles

Novel Electrical Modeling, Design and Comparative Control Techniques for Wireless Electric Vehicle Battery Charging

View research history
YearShare index
20223295.5
20233253.7
20242928.8
20251262.1
Integrated Powertrain Energy ManagementOpportunities · 07

Integrated Powertrain Energy Management

392 papers

11.0% of this theme group

Works target coordinated control of hybrid powertrains to boost fuel efficiency across connected vehicle fleets.

Powertrain (198) · Automotive engineering (238) · Energy management (104) · Fuel efficiency (63)

Integrated Powertrain Energy Management and Vehicle Coordination for Multiple Connected Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Powertrain Control for Hybrid-Electric Vehicles Using Supervised Machine Learning

View research history
YearShare index
20221450.1
20231429.7
20241190.2
2025687.2

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Promising47.1%37.6%
Breakthrough19.0%26.2%
Descriptive11.5%17.1%
Problem-identifying9.7%9.6%
Comparative6.9%4.0%
Cautionary5.0%4.7%
Critical0.8%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceA cybersecurity risk assessment of electric vehicle mobile applications: findings and recommendations190.36%1 (5.3%)0.21%
Concentration of compute powerA Game-Theoretic Approach to Solve Competition between Multi-Type Electric Vehicle Charging and Parking Facilities80.15%3 (37.5%)0.04%
Bias & fairnessData-Driven Fairness-Aware Vehicle Displacement for Large-Scale Electric Taxi Fleets30.06%0 (0.0%)0.04%
Water useData-Driven Control Co-Design for Indirect Liquid Cooling Plate With Microchannels for Battery Thermal Management10.02%0 (0.0%)0.05%
Labour & data workEvidence of a homeowner-renter gap for electric vehicles10.02%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Energy & datacenter footprint00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chain00.0%0 (%)0.03%
Safety & misuse00.0%0 (%)0.03%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

INNOVATION SIGNALS

Who files EV Makers and Components patents in the United States

Published patent filings in the recorded source window.

Expand panel +
146,423filings 2016–2025
8,000assignees
17,581peak annual filings

Filing momentum

05,05510,10915,16420,2182016: 11,72020162017: 12,8122018: 13,59420182019: 13,9572020: 13,96320202021: 13,9042022: 14,83420222023: 16,8942024: 17,58120242025: 17,1642025

Who files the most

GM Global TECH Operations
18,648
FORD Global TECH
18,158
GEN Electric
3,151
Deere
2,810
Caterpillar
2,219
UNIV California
1,793
Toyota ENG & MFG North America
1,741
3M Innovative Properties
1,716
GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINT

Where companies are based

Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

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8 cards

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UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

EV Makers and Components in the United States: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

KEEP EXPLORING

Put the United States in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 3 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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