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Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE AMSTERDAM EDITION 2026

Amsterdam’s
fintech industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping fintech in Amsterdam. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Explore in Radar Read the key signals
Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Fintech Industry Landscape of Amsterdam
NL
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Fintech illustration
Companies tracked 279Fintech ecosystem in Amsterdam Disclosed funding $3.76B62 companies · all recorded rounds Companies hiring 19With open roles at the snapshot Tracked open roles 481 employers posted in the preceding 30 days
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore Amsterdam’s fintech leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Explore the full landscape
Fintech company highlights in Amsterdam, snapshot 4 September 2026
Company
Molliemollie.com$934.72M—800—
Mambumambu.com$445.79M5 roles68Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Bunqbunq.com$373.11M—450—
Factrisfactris.com$370.37M—5Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Finomfinom.co$310.39M—188—
Adyenadyen.com$266M12 roles3,883Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Deribitderibit.com$140M—115—
Backbasebackbase.com$128.51M9 roles2,000—
Anadolubank Nederland N.V.anadolubank.nl—6 roles——
GRESBgresb.com—2 roles103—
Five Degreesfivedegrees.com—1 roles150—
Petplanpetplan.nl—1 roles——
VIVEviveapp.com—1 roles14—
Cryptohoppercryptohopper.com————
Klearlyklearly.nl————
Lender & Spenderlenderspender.nl————
MultiSafepaymultisafepay.com————
NeaPayneapay.com————
NowPaymentsnowpayments.io——31—
Semmiesemmie.nl——66—
Silverflowsilverflow.com——62—
Staanstaan.nl——120—
Vermegvermeg.com——1,600—
rechargecompany.recharge.com——150—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

Fintech industry KPIs in Amsterdam

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

4 September 2026
Hiring participation6.8%

19 of 279 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation28.0%

78 of 279 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share46.6%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$6.5M

Midpoint of 109 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 46.6% of disclosed capital, while 72.0% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How Amsterdam fintech has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

Amsterdam fintech
$0$499.61M$999.23M$1.5B$2B2016: $26.53M20162017: $39.16M20172018: $219.54M20182019: $111.32M20192020: $259.36M20202021: $1.75B20212022: $236.16M20222023: $238.79M20232024: $102.74M20242025: $437.73M2025
View the numbers
Annual fintech funding and company formation in Amsterdam
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$26.53M136
2017$39.16M156
2018$219.54M189
2019$111.32M208
2020$259.36M168
2021$1.75B2117
2022$236.16M914
2023$238.79M1611
2024$102.74M86
2025$437.73M410
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Mollie24.9%
  • Mambu11.9%
  • Bunq9.9%
  • Other companies53.4%

Funding by stage

132 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel54 40.9%
Series A–B36 27.3%
Series C+ / PE19 14.4%
Grants, debt & other23 17.4%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
1 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series B03/2026
Silverflow $40M

Backed by Picus Capital and Rabo Investments and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series B12/2014
Adyenadyen.com$250M

Backed by General Atlantic and Index Ventures and others.

Series A06/2021
Bunqbunq.com$230.54M

Backed by Pollen Street and Raymond Kasiman.

Series A07/2023
Bunqbunq.com$111.25M

Backed by Raymond Kasiman and Pollen Street.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Expand panel +

Annual accounts availability

No reviewed exact national-ID connector has yet been qualified for Netherlands; this is a checked implementation boundary, not evidence that filings are absent.; No reviewed exact national-ID connector has yet been qualified for Netherlands; this is a checked implementation boundary, not evidence that filings are absent.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the Amsterdam companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

15 of the 279 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (5.4%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 452,258 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Adyenadyen.com55,875,8774382.3%
Molliemollie.com17,316,3744281.2%
Tikkietikkie.me15,663,0874299%
MultiSafepaymultisafepay.com3,513,6873979.1%
Bunqbunq.com2,805,1574882%
NeaPayneapay.com1,657,0122874.6%
NowPaymentsnowpayments.io1,649,9753849.9%
Pricewisepricewise.nl452,2584765.8%
Deribitderibit.com281,7763724.5%
Mambumambu.com130,142369.7%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

32 of these companies (11.5%) publish at least one Android app — 43 apps in all, carrying 19.6M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
TikkieTikkie6.9M4.7Finance
bunqBunq5.5M3.7Finance
DEGIRO: Stock Trading AppDEGIRO2.5M3.8Finance
TabTrader: Crypto TerminalTabtrader1.6M3.7Finance
BUX by ABN AMRO: InvestBUX960.3K4.2Finance
Peaks - InvestingPeaks449.6K—Finance
Finom • Business AccountFinom420K3.9Business
WEBFLEET MobileWebfleet334.9K4.7Business
Cryptohopper - Crypto TradingCryptohopper247.4K3.6Finance
MollieMollie133.9K4.8Finance

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q1–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Payments167.3MTikkie 6.9M
Banking Tech55.9Mbunq 5.5M
Investment Tech74MDEGIRO: Stock Trading App 2.5M
Cryptocurrencies52MTabTrader: Crypto Terminal 1.6M
Finance & Accounting Tech5526.8KPeaks - Investing 449.6K
Logistics Tech6438KWEBFLEET Mobile 334.9K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2022Q4: 12022Q4: 02022Q42023Q1: 22023Q1: 02023Q12024Q2: 12024Q2: 02024Q22024Q4: 32024Q4: 02024Q4

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 31 of 43 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2024Q4, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The Amsterdam fintech market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech171
Consumer digital104
Enterprise software99
Saas51
Blockchain in financial services36
Business payments solutions36
Fintech saas35
Nbfc lenders32
Commerce enablers29
Crypto trading platforms24
Online trading platforms17
Online business payments15

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

171companies
6.4%have hiring activity

11 companies hiring · $3.12B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription197
Commission on transaction153
Fee-for-service55
E-commerce - service50
Lending23
Advertising8
E-commerce - product5
Freemium4
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionsadyen.com ↗

The acquisition aims to enhance loyalty and incentive offerings, improving customer engagement.

Funding roundsfactris.com ↗

Amsterdam’s Factris obtained €100 million from Brand New Day Bank to grow its SME invoice-financing portfolio across Europe.

Funding roundssilverflow.com ↗

Silverflow raises $40M to improve payment processing technology.

Mergers & acquisitionswebbtraders.com ↗

Marex Group plc (‘Marex’ or the ‘Group’; NASDAQ: MRX), the diversified global financial services platform, today announces that it has agreed to acquire European equity derivatives market maker Webb Traders to enhance its market making capabilities.

Funding roundsklearly.nl ↗

Klearly (Raleigh, North Carolina) – MarTech/SaaS: $14 million Series A

Mergers & acquisitionsmollie.com ↗

London FinTech GoCardless has been sold to Dutch rival Mollie in a €1.1 billion (£920 million) deal.

Mergers & acquisitionsderibit.com ↗

Back in August, the exchange acquired derivatives trading platform Deribit for $2.9 billion and maintains a close relationship with its USDC issuer, Circle.

Funding roundsinsify.com ↗

Insify, the digital insurance platform built by entrepreneurs for entrepreneurs, has raised €16.3 million in Series B funding.

Funding roundsamdax.com ↗

Amdax Amsterdam-based crypto-asset service provider Amdax has secured approximately €20 million in initial funding for its Amsterdam Bitcoin Treasury Strategy (AMBTS) through private placements from investors.

Funding roundssurebird.nl ↗

Dutch InsurTech startup Surebird, which is building a digital platform to transform how people manage their insurance, has successfully completed a €1.165m seed funding round to power its next stage of development.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 151 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Leadership moves
36
New products
29
Funding rounds
25
Mergers & acquisitions
16
Earnings
13
Company announcements
10
Regulatory
7
Contracts
6
Job creation
4
Capital infusions
3
5 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

1 companies with recorded IPO activity

Adyen ↗

IPO1 reports

Leadership moves

10 tracked people moves

Ralph Hamers

Appointment Chairman of its Group Board of Directors

Backbase ↗
Didier Van der Coelden

Appointment Chief Financial Officer

BUX ↗
Marlou Jenniskens

Promotion Chief Executive Officer

Olaf Geurs

Appointment Chief Technology Officer

Rachelle Alexis Lim

Appointment Chief Executive Officer

Webfleet ↗
Alex Crane-Robinson

Appointment Regional Director for the UK and Ireland

Webfleet ↗
Beverley Wise

Departure Previously Regional Director for the UK and Ireland

Backbase ↗
Joseph Sullivan

Appointment Senior Director of Strategic Accounts

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Backbase ↗
Unified Frontline

Banking Operating Platform

Adyen ↗
Intelligent Money Movement

Platform

Plumery ↗
Plumery Canadian-ready platform

Digital banking experience platform

Contract wins

3 recorded customer wins

Ohpen ↗

Customer: asn bank

Adyen ↗

Customer: Accesso TechnologyPayments

Mambu ↗

Customer: InnBucks MicroBankFinTech

Regulatory events

5 recorded events

Bunq ↗

Financial Industry Regulatory Authority

Bunq ↗

approvedFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority’s (FINRA)

Bunq ↗

Office of the Comptroller of the Currency

Bunq ↗

approved for US broker‑dealer operationsFinancial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA)

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

3companies
17period observations
21.0%median reported growth

Median across 17 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
Adyen→Talon.OneAnnounced2026-04-28Not stated in snapshot
Marex Group→WEBB ↗Announced2026-02-09Not stated in snapshot
Mollie→gocardless2026-01-02Not stated in snapshot
coinbase→Deribit ↗Completed2025-11-12$2.9B
Amdax→custodiexCompleted2025-07-10Not stated in snapshot
kraken→Deribit ↗Pending2025-02-20Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

47 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 247-posting snapshot covers 13 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Junior Devops Engineer/ It Support Engineer2
International Hr & Payroll Specialist2
Regulatory Affairs Specialist2
Senior Compliance Officer Networks Compliance2
Php Developer2
Service Manager1
0 internship postings

43 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

22 postings specify a level.

unspecified
225
manager
8
senior
6
intern
4
entry
2
lead
2

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 247 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Java
22
Mysql
18
Python
16
Go
14
Php
13
Kubernetes
12
End To End Tests
10
Terraform
10
Integration Tests
10
Sql
9
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

201 founders and chief executives across 135 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

23 profiles with education records.

University of Amsterdam
5
INSEAD
4
Tel Aviv University
3
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
3
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam
2
Carnegie Mellon University
1
University College London
1
London Business School (LBS)
1

Prior employers

6 profiles with prior-work records.

Microsoft
2
Apple
1
Amazon
1
Google
1
Boston Consulting Group
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

9,746 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
9,746articles in the measured year
2,397articles in 2026Q1
77.8%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Fintech coverage tagged Amsterdam · articles per complete quarter

01,1452,2913,4364,5822021Q2: 2,3092021Q22021Q3: 1,9532021Q4: 2,1182022Q1: 2,2142022Q2: 2,3382022Q22022Q3: 2,1352022Q4: 2,8012023Q1: 2,3242023Q2: 2,5442023Q22023Q3: 2,3242023Q4: 2,6062024Q1: 2,5382024Q2: 2,8092024Q22024Q3: 3,0822024Q4: 2,8782025Q1: 3,9842025Q2: 2,3102025Q22025Q3: 2,3202025Q4: 2,5922026Q1: 2,3972026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q22,309
2021Q31,953
2021Q42,118
2022Q12,214
2022Q22,338
2022Q32,135
2022Q42,801
2023Q12,324
2023Q22,544
2023Q32,324
2023Q42,606
2024Q12,538
2024Q22,809
2024Q33,082
2024Q42,878
2025Q13,984
2025Q22,310
2025Q32,320
2025Q42,592
2026Q12,397

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
4,485 positive · 98 neutral · 2,158 negative
2022
6,655 positive · 126 neutral · 2,699 negative
2023
7,186 positive · 91 neutral · 2,512 negative
2024
8,156 positive · 119 neutral · 3,022 negative
2025
8,702 positive · 103 neutral · 2,384 negative

Leading coverage topics

Fintech coverage tagged Amsterdam · ranked by full-period article count.

Strategic Partnerships And Collaborations2,560 articles in the full recorded period
615 recent · 553 prior
New Product Launches And Innovations2,549 articles in the full recorded period
613 recent · 523 prior
International Political Relations2,205 articles in the full recorded period
1,029 recent · 354 prior
International Sports Competitions2,100 articles in the full recorded period
379 recent · 459 prior
Technology Adoption And Digital Transformation1,930 articles in the full recorded period
447 recent · 382 prior
Cryptocurrency Impact On Forex Markets1,856 articles in the full recorded period
584 recent · 401 prior
Security And Defense Policies1,359 articles in the full recorded period
807 recent · 129 prior
Accounting And Financial Management Software1,283 articles in the full recorded period
451 recent · 348 prior
Quarterly And Annual Financial Results1,259 articles in the full recorded period
387 recent · 350 prior
Executive Leadership Changes And Appointments1,182 articles in the full recorded period
268 recent · 299 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

Netherlands comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
financial control software33220959%
financial reporting tools22314455%
geopolitical alliances18122723%
f1 world championship1388759%
financial scenario planning1357482%
multilateral diplomacy13126404%
financial forecasting systems12951153%
investment deal12614800%
f1 championship1167555%
f1 grand prix1147258%
payment system integration113174-35%
intuitive painting6153-96%
payment api development68127-46%
non-representational art8122-93%
payment processor setup53111-52%

Event and signal lenses

Netherlands comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

40,599 classified articles

raw rock production, garage rock resurgence, back-to-basics rock

37.3% critical · 44.1% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

11,308 classified articles

avant-garde rock, conceptual rock albums, complex rock narratives

31.8% critical · 59.3% positive
Rising

Growth

12,841 classified articles

quarterly financials, quarterly results, earnings report

29.7% critical · 56.9% positive

Fintech coverage tagged Amsterdam. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Fintech research is working on

13,825 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
13,825papers
13,825worldwide comparison pool
—India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Promising
4,450
Descriptive
3,501
Problem-identifying
3,141
Cautionary
1,411
Breakthrough
754
Comparative
414
Critical
154

Contribution mix

Empirical
8,354
Reviews
2,307
Position pieces
1,635
Methods-led
1,361
Theoretical
168

Tone counts: 12,714 positive · 252 neutral · 859 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
3,295 papers · 23.8% of this field
  • Financial services1,723 papers
  • FinTech1,301 papers
  • Financial inclusion570 papers
  • Payment489 papers
  • Government245 papers
  • Financial literacy205 papers
  • Cryptocurrency201 papers
  • Investment172 papers

Landmark: The digital revolution in financial inclusion: international development in the fintech era

Cautions
1,411 papers · 10.2% of this field
  • Financial services670 papers
  • FinTech538 papers
  • Financial inclusion348 papers
  • Payment283 papers
  • Financial literacy129 papers
  • Mobile payment102 papers
  • Digital currency95 papers
  • Investment91 papers

Landmark: Blockchain Technology in Finance

Opportunities
5,204 papers · 37.6% of this field
  • Financial services2,148 papers
  • FinTech1,839 papers
  • Financial inclusion1,123 papers
  • Financial literacy786 papers
  • Payment749 papers
  • Database transaction382 papers
  • Investment314 papers
  • Mobile payment301 papers

Landmark: On the Fintech Revolution: Interpreting the Forces of Innovation, Disruption, and Transformation in Financial Services

Leading institutions

UNSW Sydney
743
University of Manchester
727
University of York
716
University of the West of England
716
Universidad de Zaragoza
685
Columbia University
667

Leading researchers

Robert J. Kauffman
1,822
Peter Gomber
1,821
Chris Parker
1,821
Bruce W. Weber
1,821
Daniela Gabor
716
Sally Brooks
716
Itay Goldstein
621
Wei Jiang
621

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • On the Fintech Revolution: Interpreting the Forces of Innovation, Disruption, and Transformation in Financial Services1,820 citations
  • Intention to use analytical artificial intelligence (AI) in services – the effect of technology readiness and awareness370 citations
  • The FinTech phenomenon: antecedents of financial innovation perceived by the popular press240 citations
  • FinTech ecosystem practices shaping financial inclusion: the case of mobile money in Ghana116 citations
  • CBDC, Fintech and cryptocurrency for financial inclusion and financial stability100 citations

Common problems researchers identify

10,570 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Financial Inclusion ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Financial Inclusion Challenges

1,447 papers

24.1% of this theme group

Researchers discuss how fintech impacts access to services and the obstacles to broader financial inclusion.

FinTech (679) · Financial services (885) · Financial inclusion (269) · Financial innovation (90)

Enriching Financial Inclusion through Fintech

DIGITAL TRANSFORMATION IN THE BANKING SYSTEM: PROSPECTS FOR COOPERATION BETWEEN FINTECH COMPANIES AND BANKS

View research history
YearShare index
2022535.2
2023588.5
2024650.5
20251023.2
Payment System Costs and RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Payment System Costs and Risks

1,364 papers

22.7% of this theme group

Papers highlight cost, security, and regulatory issues surrounding electronic payment infrastructures.

Payment (1,251) · Payment system (509) · Payment service provider (217) · Settlement (86)

Better than Cash, but Beware the Costs: Electronic Payments Systems and Financial Inclusion in Developing Economies

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES OF ELECTRONIC PAYMENT SYSTEMS

View research history
YearShare index
2022590.9
2023562.2
2024710.5
2025799.0
Mobile Payment Adoption BarriersCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Mobile Payment Adoption Barriers

1,149 papers

19.1% of this theme group

Studies examine factors that hinder user acceptance and deployment of mobile banking and payment solutions.

Mobile payment (869) · Mobile banking (220) · Mobile business development (111) · Mobile phone (135)

User Acceptance Testing of Mobile Payment in Various Scenarios

Exploring Determinants Influencing the Intention to Use Mobile Payment Service

View research history
YearShare index
202277.6
202383.0
202482.8
2025139.8
Credit Card Fraud DetectionCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Credit Card Fraud Detection

692 papers

11.5% of this theme group

Research focuses on techniques for identifying and preventing fraudulent activity on credit cards.

Credit card fraud (107) · Credit card (118) · Financial fraud (43) · Computer security (107)

Machine Learning for Credit Card Fraud Detection

Credit Card Fraud Detection and Analysis

View research history
YearShare index
202247.3
202347.0
202447.7
202563.6
Algorithmic and High‑Frequency Trading RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Algorithmic and High‑Frequency Trading Risks

585 papers

9.8% of this theme group

Works explore market impacts, regulatory concerns, and potential abuses in fast automated trading.

Algorithmic trading (222) · High-frequency trading (148) · Alternative trading system (140) · Insider trading (79)

High-Frequency Trading and Its Impact on Markets

High-Frequency Trading: A Regulatory Strategy

View research history
YearShare index
202219.5
202320.0
202418.3
202531.1
Portfolio Optimization DifficultiesCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Portfolio Optimization Difficulties

404 papers

6.7% of this theme group

Authors address complexities in constructing optimal investment portfolios under modern theory constraints.

Portfolio (386) · Portfolio optimization (163) · Modern portfolio theory (70) · Post-modern portfolio theory (46)

Machine Learning Optimization Algorithms & Portfolio Allocation

Portfolio Optimization: New Challenges and Perspectives

View research history
YearShare index
2022315.6
2023306.6
2024225.8
2025345.9
Money‑Laundering Compliance IssuesCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Money‑Laundering Compliance Issues

359 papers

6.0% of this theme group

Literature investigates regulatory, data, and enforcement challenges in combating financial crime.

Money laundering (320) · Terrorism (65) · Accounting (54) · Compliance (44)

National and international anti-money laundering law : developing the architecture of criminal justice, regulation and data protection

Balancing anti-money laundering measures and financial inclusion

View research history
YearShare index
20221897.3
20231880.1
20241584.8
20251002.7

Cautions

3,742 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Fintech’s Effect on Inclusion and StabilityCautions · 01

Fintech’s Effect on Inclusion and Stability

756 papers

20.2% of this theme group

Cautionary analyses consider how fintech growth may strain system stability while pursuing inclusion goals.

FinTech (412) · Financial services (449) · Financial inclusion (227) · Financial innovation (65)

The Role of Fintech Technology in Improving Financial Inclusion and Financial System Stability

Advancing Financial Inclusion through FinTech: A Regulatory Insight into Emerging Industry Practices

View research history
YearShare index
2022535.2
2023588.5
2024650.5
20251023.2
Regulating High‑Frequency TradingCautions · 02

Regulating High‑Frequency Trading

579 papers

15.5% of this theme group

Papers critique current reforms and warn of market quality degradation from rapid trading practices.

Algorithmic trading (254) · High-frequency trading (153) · Alternative trading system (102) · Trading strategy (117)

High Frequency Trading and Its Impact on Market Quality

Implementing High Frequency Trading Regulation: A Critical Analysis of Current Reforms

View research history
YearShare index
202219.5
202320.0
202418.3
202531.1
Payment System Policy ShiftsCautions · 03

Payment System Policy Shifts

565 papers

15.1% of this theme group

Research warns of unintended consequences when altering payment reimbursement models and consumer preferences.

Payment (536) · Payment system (180) · Reimbursement (36) · Prospective payment system (34)

Hospital response to a new case-based payment system in China: the patient selection effect

Payments transition in India – consumer preferences and policy shifts

View research history
YearShare index
2022598.5
2023567.6
2024714.6
2025803.0
Model Risk in Portfolio ManagementCautions · 04

Model Risk in Portfolio Management

522 papers

13.9% of this theme group

Studies highlight statistical and econometric uncertainties that can undermine portfolio optimization outcomes.

Portfolio (494) · Portfolio optimization (203) · Diversification (105) · Econometrics (109)

Model Risk in Portfolio Optimization

Optimization of portfolio management based on vector autoregression models and multivariate volatility models

View research history
YearShare index
2022318.1
2023308.9
2024228.0
2025346.6
Mobile Money User ExperienceCautions · 05

Mobile Money User Experience

496 papers

13.3% of this theme group

Analyses stress the importance of design and trust factors for mobile money adoption in emerging markets.

Mobile payment (380) · Mobile banking (81) · Payment (228) · Mobile phone (39)

Mobile Money for Financial Inclusion

Understanding user experience of mobile money services in emerging markets

View research history
YearShare index
2022633.6
2023610.5
2024762.5
2025878.6
Fraud Detection Method LimitationsCautions · 06

Fraud Detection Method Limitations

495 papers

13.2% of this theme group

Reviews point out gaps and over‑reliance on machine learning for identifying financial fraud.

Accounting (63) · Money laundering (78) · Audit (50) · Credit card fraud (26)

A Review on Financial Fraud Detection using AI and Machine Learning

Use of Machine Learning in Financial Fraud Detection: A Review

View research history
YearShare index
20222207.7
20232190.6
20242016.5
20251778.7
Digital Currency Security ConcernsCautions · 07

Digital Currency Security Concerns

329 papers

8.8% of this theme group

Works examine cybersecurity and stability risks linked to blockchain and cryptocurrency payment systems.

Digital currency (124) · Blockchain (71) · Cryptocurrency (95) · Currency (78)

Cybersecurity and Blockchain for Secure Financial Transactions: Evaluating, Implementing, and Mitigating Risks of Digital Payments

Public Payment Systems in the Digital Era: Responding to the Financial Stability and Security-related Risks of Cryptocurrencies

View research history
YearShare index
2022801.9
2023842.3
2024890.0
20251127.0

Opportunities

28,937 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Advanced Portfolio OptimizationOpportunities · 01

Advanced Portfolio Optimization

1,697 papers

28.3% of this theme group

Opportunities focus on new mathematical models and multi‑objective strategies for better investment outcomes.

Portfolio (1,578) · Portfolio optimization (936) · Mathematical optimization (268) · Modern portfolio theory (157)

Application of portfolio optimization

The research on portfolio optimization model and strategy for multiple objectives

View research history
YearShare index
2022371.2
2023354.5
2024252.1
2025358.7
Machine‑Learning Fraud PreventionOpportunities · 02

Machine‑Learning Fraud Prevention

1,066 papers

17.8% of this theme group

Research highlights promising AI techniques for detecting and reducing credit card fraud.

Credit card fraud (265) · Credit card (252) · Financial fraud (77) · Computer security (173)

Credit Card Fraud Detection using Machine Learning Algorithms

Analyzing Credit Card Fraud Detection based on Machine Learning Models

View research history
YearShare index
202247.3
202347.0
202447.7
202563.6
Fintech for Financial LiteracyOpportunities · 03

Fintech for Financial Literacy

778 papers

13.0% of this theme group

Papers explore how technology can empower underserved populations through education and inclusive services.

FinTech (338) · Financial services (366) · Financial inclusion (210) · Financial literacy (128)

ROLE OF FINTECH IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION

The Role of Financial Technology (FinTech) in Advancing Financial Inclusion and Equity.

View research history
YearShare index
2022535.2
2023588.5
2024650.5
20251023.2
Blockchain‑Enabled Payment PlatformsOpportunities · 04

Blockchain‑Enabled Payment Platforms

756 papers

12.6% of this theme group

Studies present secure, decentralized architectures that could transform digital payment processing.

Payment (623) · Payment system (247) · Database transaction (146) · Payment service provider (64)

Blockchain Based Architecture and Solution for Secure Digital Payment System

Measuring payment system development

View research history
YearShare index
2022733.2
2023686.3
2024781.6
2025930.9
Value‑Added Mobile Payment ServicesOpportunities · 05

Value‑Added Mobile Payment Services

723 papers

12.1% of this theme group

Research identifies new features and security models that drive consumer willingness to adopt mobile payments.

Mobile payment (555) · Payment (363) · Mobile banking (87) · Mobile device (52)

Value Added Services and Adoption of Mobile Payments

Exploring Transaction Security on Consumers’ Willingness to Use Mobile Payment by Using the Technology Acceptance Model

View research history
YearShare index
2022633.6
2023610.5
2024762.5
2025878.6
AI‑Driven Algorithmic TradingOpportunities · 06

AI‑Driven Algorithmic Trading

661 papers

11.0% of this theme group

Works showcase advanced artificial intelligence methods for forecasting and executing high‑frequency trading strategies.

Algorithmic trading (282) · Trading strategy (267) · High-frequency trading (109) · Pairs trade (68)

Algorithmic Trading and Financial Forecasting Using Advanced Artificial Intelligence Methodologies

Foreign exchange trading

View research history
YearShare index
202232.4
202331.8
202425.0
202538.8
Machine‑Learning Credit ScoringOpportunities · 07

Machine‑Learning Credit Scoring

319 papers

5.3% of this theme group

Papers demonstrate improved default prediction models that enhance loan underwriting and risk assessment.

Credit risk (96) · Loan (65) · Credit score (19) · Probability of default (13)

Application Analysis of Credit Scoring of Financial Institutions Based on Machine Learning Model

Development Of Credit Scoring Model For Borrowers Using Machine Learning Techniques

View research history
YearShare index
2022254.2
2023254.9
2024182.2
2025261.3

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Promising32.2%37.3%
Descriptive25.3%17.3%
Problem-identifying22.7%9.4%
Cautionary10.2%4.2%
Breakthrough5.5%26.9%
Comparative3.0%3.8%
Critical1.1%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceIncentives for Mobile Crowd Sensing: A Survey2,7174.6%857 (31.5%)4.6%
Concentration of compute powerRent Seeking by Low-Latency Traders: Evidence from Trading on Macroeconomic Announcements1020.17%50 (49.0%)0.17%
Bias & fairnessSocietal bias reinforcement through machine learning: a credit scoring perspective830.14%31 (37.3%)0.14%
Labour & data workMobile Money Taxation and Informal Workers: Evidence from Ghana’s E-Levy600.1%26 (43.3%)0.1%
Safety & misuseThe EU Response to Criminal Misuse of Cryptocurrencies: The Young, already Outdated 5th Anti-Money Laundering Directive500.08%21 (42.0%)0.08%
Energy & datacenter footprintAn integrated model of financial technology adoption and environmental performance: The role of green innovation290.05%5 (17.2%)0.05%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainMobile Phone Repair as a Strategy for Reducing E-Waste, Enhancing Data Privacy, and Promoting Digital Sustainability in 30.01%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Carbon & emissions of computeRethinking portfolio design with sustainable AI and FinTech: dynamic spillovers in a quantile–frequency framework10.0%0 (0.0%)0.0%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Fintech in Amsterdam: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

KEEP EXPLORING

Put Amsterdam in context

All landscapes ↗

Company ecosystem snapshot: 4 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
Coming soon