Spain’s
industrial goods and manufacturing industry,
in focus.

Construction‑focused 3D printing challenges

26.8% of this theme group

Researchers discuss difficulties in printing systems, material properties, and process integration for building and construction applications.

3D printing (650) · 3d model (87) · Manufacturing engineering (129) · Architectural engineering (44)

Bibliographic analysis on 3D printing in the building and construction industry: Printing systems, material properties, challenges, and futu

Improving printed products manufacturing technology using 3D printing

Nanocomposite and multifunctional printing issues

23.3% of this theme group

Papers highlight obstacles in embedding nanoparticles, aligning composites, and achieving functional performance in printed devices.

3D printing (474) · Nanotechnology (88) · Composite material (57) · Fabrication (65)

Increasing the functionalities of 3D printed microchemical devices by single material, multimaterial, and print-pause-print 3D printing

3D Printing‐Enabled Nanoparticle Alignment: A Review of Mechanisms and Applications

Medical and pharmaceutical printing barriers

13.5% of this theme group

Studies identify technical and regulatory hurdles when applying additive manufacturing to health‑care devices and drug production.

3D printing (322) · 3d printed (105) · Medical physics (26) · Health care (26)

A Review of 3D Printing Technology for Medical Applications

3D PRINTING IN THE PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY: A SPECIAL CONSIDERATION ON MEDICAL DEVICE AND ITS APPLICATIONS

Aerospace additive manufacturing constraints

11.6% of this theme group

Research points to material, certification, and production challenges specific to aerospace component printing.

3D printing (203) · Manufacturing engineering (85) · Aerospace (47) · Production (25)

On the Evolution of Additive Manufacturing (3D/4D Printing) Technologies: Materials, Applications, and Challenges

Additive manufacturing for Aerospace

Bioprinting and tissue scaffold limitations

9.8% of this theme group

Authors examine material compatibility, cell viability, and structural issues in 3D bioprinting for regenerative medicine.

Tissue engineering (68) · Scaffold (42) · Nanotechnology (101) · 3D bioprinting (47)

Development of 3D bioprinting: From printing methods to biomedical applications

3D printing in biomedical engineering: Processes, materials, and applications

Fused deposition modeling defects

7.8% of this theme group

Works address common flaws, post‑processing needs, and reliability concerns in FDM‑produced polymer parts.

Fused deposition modeling (138) · Fused filament fabrication (52) · Deposition (43) · 3D printing (125)

Failures and Flaws in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additively Manufactured Polymers and Composites

An Overview of Post-Processing of Fused Deposition Modelling 3D Printed Products

Selective laser melting microstructure problems

7.1% of this theme group

Literature reports residual stress, defect formation, and alloy‑specific challenges in laser‑based metal printing.

Selective laser melting (157) · Laser (42) · Microstructure (36) · Residual stress (26)

Review of selective laser melting of magnesium alloys: advantages, microstructure and mechanical characterizations, defects, challenges, and

Selective Laser Melting of Aluminum and Its Alloys

Process parameter impact on printed part quality

21.8% of this theme group

Cautionary studies warn that slicer settings and extrusion methods strongly affect mechanical and surface properties.

3D printing (218) · 3d printed (83) · Stereolithography (42) · Extrusion (45)

INFLUENCE OF SLICER SOFTWARE USED WITH 3D PRINTING FILAMENT EXTRUSION TECHNOLOGY ON PROPERTIES OF PRINTED PARTS WITH SHORT FIBER REINFORCED

Microscale 3D Printed Pillars and Porous Polymeric Structures: Manufacturability and Micromechanics

Supply chain and production risks

21.4% of this theme group

Researchers caution about logistical complexities and scalability issues when integrating 3D printing into manufacturing networks.

3D printing (312) · 3d printed (85) · Supply chain (17) · Production (23)

Three-Dimensional Printing Surgical Applications.

Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in Surgery

Residual stress and surface finish concerns

15.2% of this theme group

Papers highlight how laser parameters can induce stress and roughness that compromise part performance.

Selective laser melting (221) · Laser (56) · Residual stress (38) · Surface roughness (37)

Numerical investigation of residual stresses in thin-walled additively manufactured structures from selective laser melting

Corrosion Testing of a Heat Treated 316 L Functional Part Produced by Selective Laser Melting

Mechanical property variability in printed polymers

11.8% of this theme group

Analyses show that tensile and flexural strengths are highly sensitive to printing conditions.

Ultimate tensile strength (97) · Composite material (112) · Flexural strength (19) · Extrusion (32)

The influence of 3D printing process parameters on the mechanical performance of PLA polymer and its correlation with hardness

The influence of printing parameters on the mechanical properties of 3D printed TPU-based elastomers

Hybrid material printing uncertainties

10.8% of this theme group

Studies note inconsistent bonding and property outcomes when combining polymers with metals in FDM processes.

Fused deposition modeling (118) · Deposition (41) · Fused filament fabrication (39) · 3D printing (77)

Recent Developments in Fused Deposition Modeling-Based 3D Printing of Polymers and Their Composites

Three-Dimensional (3D) Printing of Polymer-Metal Hybrid Materials by Fused Deposition Modeling

Porosity and inspection challenges

10.4% of this theme group

Research warns that porosity control and nondestructive evaluation remain difficult for laser‑powder bed parts.

Fusion (25) · Porosity (22) · Raw material (9) · Fabrication (20)

Comparison of the porosity and mechanical performance of 316L stainless steel manufactured on different laser powder bed fusion metal additi

Assessing the results of ultrasonic testing of additive manufactured parts with alternative methods

Alloy microstructure and strength trade‑offs

8.6% of this theme group

Authors discuss how selective laser melting can produce uneven microstructures that affect ultimate tensile strength.

Microstructure (122) · Selective laser melting (100) · Alloy (45) · Ultimate tensile strength (49)

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of TiC-Reinforced 316L Stainless Steel Composites Fabricated Using Selective Laser Melting

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of A7075 Alloy with Additional Si Objects Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Broad manufacturing expansion prospects

21.1% of this theme group

Opportunities explore how additive manufacturing can reshape product design, tooling, and on‑demand production across sectors.

3D printing (1,055) · Manufacturing engineering (123) · 3d printer (126) · 3d printed (217)

3D printing for clothing production

3D Printing Technologies

Smart hydrogel and microfluidic printing

20.8% of this theme group

Papers highlight innovative printable materials that enable self‑healing, adhesion, and fluidic functionalities.

Nanotechnology (268) · 3D printing (709) · Self-healing hydrogels (144) · Microfluidics (128)

3D\nPrinting Method for Tough Multifunctional Particle-Based\nDouble-Network Hydrogels

3D Printing of Interpenetrating\nNetwork Flexible Hydrogels\nwith Enhancement of Adhesiveness

Biomedical and tissue engineering breakthroughs

13.9% of this theme group

Research points to new printable biomaterials and processes that advance medical implants and regenerative therapies.

3D printing (606) · 3d printed (261) · Biomedical engineering (115) · Tissue engineering (80)

A Review of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology for Medical Applications

3D Printing Materials and Technologies for Orthopaedic Applications

Advanced alloy and porous structure design

12.7% of this theme group

Studies showcase tailored microstructures and functional porosity for high‑performance metal components.

Selective laser melting (647) · Microstructure (228) · Alloy (153) · Laser (163)

Selective Laser Melting Additive Manufacturing of TiC/AlSi10Mg Bulk-form Nanocomposites with Tailored Microstructures and Properties

Selective laser melting: A unit cell approach for the manufacture of porous, titanium, bone in‐growth constructs, suitable for orthopedic ap

High‑strength composite printing developments

11.4% of this theme group

Works focus on optimizing reinforcement and printing parameters to boost mechanical performance of composite parts.

Composite material (350) · Composite number (144) · Ultimate tensile strength (154) · 3D printing (340)

Parameters Affecting the Mechanical Properties of Three-Dimensional (3D) Printed Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polylactide Composites

3D printing of composites: design parameters and flexural performance

Custom component and wearable fabrication

11.4% of this theme group

Literature emphasizes additive manufacturing for personalized devices, automotive modifications, and biomechanically tuned meshes.

Fabrication (128) · 3D printing (187) · Fusion (31) · Extrusion (60)

Additive Manufacturing: Additive Manufacturing of Biomechanically Tailored Meshes for Compliant Wearable and Implantable Devices (Adv. Funct

A Survey of the Use of Additive Fabrication in Component Replacement and Customised Automotive Modifications

FDM for analytical and high‑performance parts

8.6% of this theme group

Research explores using fused filament fabrication to create sophisticated devices and thermoplastic components with enhanced properties.

Fused deposition modeling (390) · Deposition (120) · Fused filament fabrication (100) · 3D printing (190)

Fused Deposition Modeling 3D Printing for (Bio)analytical Device Fabrication: Procedures, Materials, and Applications

Additive manufacturing of the high-performance thermoplastics: Experimental study and numerical simulation of the Fused Filament Fabrication

Barcelona

37.2% across the displayed hubs

5 companies hiring · $4.4M disclosed funding

Madrid

21.7% across the displayed hubs

0 companies hiring · $12.5M disclosed funding

Valencia

12.2% across the displayed hubs

2 companies hiring · $325.1K disclosed funding

Zaragoza

10.0% across the displayed hubs

0 companies hiring · $61.6K disclosed funding

San Sebastian

5.6% across the displayed hubs

0 companies hiring · $0 disclosed funding

Girona

5.0% across the displayed hubs

1 companies hiring · $0 disclosed funding

Terrassa

4.4% across the displayed hubs

0 companies hiring · $0 disclosed funding

Paterna

3.9% across the displayed hubs

1 companies hiring · $10.8M disclosed funding