the United States’s
industrial goods and manufacturing industry,
in focus.

3D Printing for Product Design

32.0% of this theme group

Researchers highlight challenges in using additive manufacturing for product development and human‑computer interaction.

3D printing (100) · Human–computer interaction (9) · Product (11) · Product design (5)

A Review on Three-Dimensional Printing for Energy Conversion and Storage: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

A BRIEFREVIEW OF 3D PRINTING TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS USED IN SMART TEXTILES

Medical Device 3D Printing Issues

16.2% of this theme group

Papers flag regulatory and safety concerns when applying 3D printing to implants and drug‑delivery systems.

3D printing (56) · 3d printed (23) · Medical device (5) · Drug delivery (5)

Current and emerging applications of 3D printing in medicine

Regulatory Considerations in the Design and Manufacturing of Implantable 3D‐Printed Medical Devices

Additive Manufacturing in Aerospace

15.7% of this theme group

Studies point to material and process hurdles limiting high‑performance aerospace component production.

3D printing (49) · Manufacturing engineering (19) · Aerospace (11) · Production (5)

Additive manufacturing for Aerospace

Additive manufacturing of high‐performance engineering polymers: present and future

Biocompatible Materials for 3D Bioprinting

15.5% of this theme group

Researchers note difficulties in designing printable biomaterials that meet medical compatibility standards.

Nanotechnology (42) · 3D printing (54) · 3D bioprinting (11) · Biocompatible material (8)

Designing Biomaterials for 3D Printing

Recent Advances in Extrusion‐Based 3D Printing for Biomedical Applications

FDM Process Flaws

9.9% of this theme group

Works discuss defects, reliability, and material limitations specific to fused deposition modeling techniques.

Fused filament fabrication (13) · Fused deposition modeling (13) · Fabrication (12) · Protein filament (5)

3D Printing of Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Composites Using Fused Deposition Modeling: A Status Review

Failures and Flaws in Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) Additively Manufactured Polymers and Composites

Selective Laser Melting Defects

6.1% of this theme group

Literature identifies residual stress, porosity, and fatigue problems in laser‑based powder‑bed fusion.

Selective laser melting (18) · Residual stress (5) · Selective laser sintering (4) · Porosity (4)

Defect Formation Mechanisms in Selective Laser Melting: A Review

Fatigue characteristics of steels manufactured by selective laser melting

Scaffold Fabrication for Tissue Engineering

4.6% of this theme group

Papers highlight workflow and material challenges in printing scaffolds for regenerative medicine.

Scaffold (12) · Tissue engineering (8) · Biomaterial (3) · Workflow (3)

3D Printing of Scaffolds for Tissue Regeneration Applications

A Review of Three-Dimensional Printing in Tissue Engineering

Nanotech Integration Risks

43.4% of this theme group

Authors caution about uncertainties when merging nanotechnology with 3D‑printed microfluidic and medical devices.

3D printing (86) · 3d printed (35) · Nanotechnology (10) · 3d printer (7)

The upcoming 3D-printing revolution in microfluidics

Three‐Dimensional Printing and Its Applications in Otorhinolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery

Dimensional Stability in FDM

17.8% of this theme group

Research warns that process parameters can cause significant dimensional and mechanical variability in printed parts.

Fused deposition modeling (19) · Composite material (15) · Extrusion (10) · Deposition (6)

Dimensional Stability of 3D Printed Parts: Effects of Process Parameters

Layer-to-layer physical characteristics and compression behavior of 3D printed polymer metastructures fabricated using different process par

Microstructure Control in Laser Melting

15.7% of this theme group

Studies advise careful monitoring of surface finish and metallurgical properties to avoid performance degradation.

Selective laser melting (32) · Microstructure (13) · Surface finish (5) · Metallurgy (5)

The influence of a process interruption on tensile properties of AlSi10Mg samples produced by selective laser melting

Influence of Abrasive Materials in Fluidised Bed Machining of AlSi10Mg Parts Made through Selective Laser Melting Technology

Composite Print Strength Limits

15.3% of this theme group

Works highlight how rheology, humidity, and extrusion conditions affect tensile strength of printed composites.

Composite material (16) · 3D printing (17) · Extrusion (8) · Ultimate tensile strength (8)

Rheology, crystallization, and process conditions: The effect on interlayer properties in three-dimensional printing

Multiscale Study on Effect of Humidity on Shape Memory Polymers Used in Three-Dimensional Printing

Porosity Management in Laser Fusion

7.9% of this theme group

Authors stress the need for precise laser power control to limit defect formation in powder‑bed parts.

Fusion (6) · Selective laser melting (10) · Laser (5) · Porosity (6)

Defect structure process maps for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing

Density of Additively-Manufactured, 316L SS Parts Using Laser Powder-Bed Fusion at Powers Up to 400W

Broad Engineering Applications

24.3% of this theme group

The literature explores diverse engineering uses of 3D printing, from assistive devices to cardiovascular implants.

3D printing (1,039) · 3d printed (347) · 3d printer (122) · Engineering drawing (87)

Methodology and feasibility of a 3D printed assistive technology intervention

Three-dimensional (3D) printing and its applications for aortic diseases

3D‑Printed Microfluidic Platforms

21.7% of this theme group

Papers showcase innovative microfluidic systems enabled by additive manufacturing and nanoscale fabrication.

Microfluidics (195) · 3D printing (719) · Nanotechnology (321) · Fabrication (328)

3D‐Printed Microfluidics

Spatially and optically tailored 3D printing for highly miniaturized and integrated microfluidics

Advanced Polymer Composites

15.5% of this theme group

Research highlights new composite formulations that improve mechanical and functional performance of printed parts.

Composite material (319) · 3D printing (481) · Composite number (112) · Polymer (113)

3D Printing of Thermoplastic‐Bonded Soft‐ and Hard‐Magnetic Composites: Magnetically Tuneable Architectures and Functional Devices

Material Design for Enhancing Properties of 3D Printed Polymer Composites for Target Applications

Ceramic and Mechanical Devices

11.9% of this theme group

Studies present additive techniques for creating robust ceramic components and electromechanical structures.

3D printing (247) · Fabrication (131) · Ceramic (39) · Mechanical engineering (45)

Fiber Encapsulation Additive Manufacturing: An Enabling Technology for 3D Printing of Electromechanical Devices and Robotic Components

Additive Manufacturing of Biomechanically Tailored Meshes for Compliant Wearable and Implantable Devices

Self‑Healing Hydrogel Scaffolds

10.0% of this theme group

Works demonstrate printable hydrogels that support complex tissue structures and exhibit self‑repair capabilities.

Self-healing hydrogels (145) · Tissue engineering (111) · Scaffold (98) · Nanotechnology (163)

Three-dimensional printing of complex biological structures by freeform reversible embedding of suspended hydrogels

3D Printing: 3D Printing of Highly Stretchable and Tough Hydrogels into Complex, Cellularized Structures (Adv. Mater. 27/2015)

FDM Strength Enhancement

8.4% of this theme group

Research proposes methods to boost tensile strength and reliability of fused deposition printed medical devices.

Fused deposition modeling (280) · Fused filament fabrication (111) · Deposition (82) · Ultimate tensile strength (59)

Strengthening of 3D Printed Fused Deposition Manufactured Parts Using the Fill Compositing Technique

Optimization Of 3D Fused Deposition Modeling Printing Process For The Manufacturing Of Devices For Medical Use

Laser‑Melted Alloy Innovations

8.3% of this theme group

Papers explore novel alloy designs and unit‑cell strategies for biomedical and structural applications.

Selective laser melting (322) · Laser (106) · Microstructure (113) · Alloy (69)

Selective laser melting: A unit cell approach for the manufacture of porous, titanium, bone in‐growth constructs, suitable for orthopedic ap

Modeling of selective laser sintering/selective laser melting

Houston

28.3% across the displayed hubs

56 companies hiring · $1.7B disclosed funding

San Francisco

15.3% across the displayed hubs

20 companies hiring · $1.9B disclosed funding

New York City

11.4% across the displayed hubs

13 companies hiring · $2.5B disclosed funding

Los Angeles

11.2% across the displayed hubs

11 companies hiring · $1.2B disclosed funding

Chicago

9.8% across the displayed hubs

15 companies hiring · $775.6M disclosed funding

Austin

8.2% across the displayed hubs

7 companies hiring · $307.6M disclosed funding

San Diego

7.9% across the displayed hubs

9 companies hiring · $55.4M disclosed funding

Cincinnati

7.9% across the displayed hubs

16 companies hiring · $129.4M disclosed funding