Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE LONDON EDITION 2026

London’s
internet of things - industry applications industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping internet of things - industry applications in London. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Internet of Things - Industry Applications Landscape of London
GB
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Internet of Things - Industry Applications illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore London’s internet of things - industry applications leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Internet of Things - Industry Applications company highlights in London, snapshot 3 September 2026
Company
Fractilefractile.ai$264.43M—4—
Optibus Technologiesoptibus.com$260M———
Zegozego.com$229.71M—417—
Open Energiopenenergi.com$167.59M—26—
Elvieelvie.com$157.63M—102—
Reactive Technologiesreactive-technologies.com$94.58M—58Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
PD Neurotechnologypdneurotechnology.com$93.63M—32$3.37MFYFY2023 filing
AppyWayappyway.com$90.37M—45—
FPC Globalfpc-global.com—4 roles67—
Circadiacircadia.health—3 roles8—
Cuvvacuvva.com—3 roles150Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Hadeanhadean.com—2 roles52—
Cardiolysecardiolyse.com—1 roles11Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Exeros Technologiesexeros-technologies.com—1 roles13—
Vervverv.energy—1 roles5—
ZELPzelp.co—1 roles6—
CameraMaticscameramatics.com——86Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Catapultcatapult.com——3—
Health Hero Networkhealthhero.com——10—
InsureVisioninsurevision.ai————
Judewearejude.com——3—
Living Maplivingmap.com——35—
Ondoondoplc.com——5—
Restratarestrata.com——136Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only

Explore the live startup set in Radar

No company example met every recorded classification, independence and public-profile gate in this snapshot. The live directory may have newer qualifying companies.

Explore classified startups in Radar ↗
THE KEY SIGNALS

Internet of Things - Industry Applications industry KPIs in London

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

3 September 2026
Hiring participation4.6%

20 of 434 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation36.2%

157 of 434 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share32.9%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$884.74K

Midpoint of 326 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 32.9% of disclosed capital, while 63.8% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How London internet of things - industry applications has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

London internet of things - industry applications
$0$133.85M$267.7M$401.54M$535.39M2016: $135.83M20162017: $82.06M20172018: $142.05M20182019: $280.93M20192020: $64.92M20202021: $469.64M20212022: $312.1M20222023: $67.87M20232024: $114.16M20242025: $66.52M2025
View the numbers
Annual internet of things - industry applications funding and company formation in London
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$135.83M4024
2017$82.06M3430
2018$142.05M5433
2019$280.93M4135
2020$64.92M2928
2021$469.64M2335
2022$312.1M1431
2023$67.87M1222
2024$114.16M319
2025$66.52M19
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Fractile11.5%
  • Optibus Technologies11.4%
  • Zego10.0%
  • Other companies67.1%

Funding by stage

384 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel203 52.9%
Series A–B95 24.7%
Series C+ / PE20 5.2%
Grants, debt & other66 17.2%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
4 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series B05/2026
Fractile $220M

Backed by Accel and Factorial Funds and others.

Series C04/2026
Zego $28M

Backed by Sompo Holdings.

Series A03/2026
Hadean —

Backed by Booz Allen Hamilton and Entrepreneur First and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series C03/2021
Zegozego.com$150M

Backed by DST Global and General Catalyst and others.

Series B04/2019
Elvieelvie.com$42.09M

Backed by Octopus Ventures and Impact Ventures UK and others.

Series B06/2019
Zegozego.com$42M

Backed by Target Global and Taavet Hinrikus and others.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
GBP · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 1 reporting entities from 177 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not London market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 1 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 1 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

1 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
LONDON · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does internet of things - industry applications compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the London companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Most-installed apps

79 of these companies (18.2%) publish at least one Android app — 208 apps in all, carrying 6M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
CuvvaCuvva2M3.9Auto & Vehicles
Navmii GPS USA (Navfree)Navmii996.4K2.8Travel & Local
DriveScore - Save on InsuranceDriveScore678.1K—Finance
Zego DeliveryZego659.7K4.2Finance
Pump with ElvieElvie239K4Health & Fitness
Caura: For #AllThingsCarCaura178.1K—Auto & Vehicles
Zego SenseZego170.5K4.2Auto & Vehicles
Rooster - Car Insurance & MoreRooster144.9K—Finance
Navmii AI DashcamNavmii125.6K3.8Auto & Vehicles
Elvie TrainerElvie120K4.1Health & Fitness

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q1–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Connected Vehicles144.8MCuvva 2M
Auto E-Commerce & Content93.8MDriveScore - Save on Insurance 678.1K
Internet First Insurance Platforms83.8MZego Delivery 659.7K
Auto Retail & Aftersales43MZego Sense 170.5K
Security & Surveillance Technology201.2MNavmii GPS USA (Navfree) 996.4K
Road Transport Tech131.2MNavmii AI Dashcam 125.6K
Logistics Tech81.1MSafeDriver 4.1K
Insurance It4824.7KRooster - Car Insurance & More 144.9K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q2: 32023Q2: 32023Q22023Q3: 102023Q3: 22023Q32023Q4: 72023Q4: 22023Q42024Q1: 122024Q1: 22024Q12024Q2: 72024Q2: 12024Q22024Q3: 22024Q3: 52024Q32024Q4: 82024Q4: 32024Q42025Q1: 102025Q1: 52025Q12025Q2: 82025Q2: 22025Q22025Q3: 82025Q3: 392025Q32025Q4: 72025Q4: 272025Q42026Q1: 42026Q1: 282026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 191 of 208 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The London internet of things - industry applications market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech261
Consumer digital219
Consumer internet of things207
Iot in healthcare103
Enterprise software100
Healthtech100
Saas97
Life sciences72
Medical devices71
Iot in retail63
Internet of vehicles59
Deep tech45

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

261companies
5.7%have hiring activity

15 companies hiring · $1.84B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription307
E-commerce - product88
Physical commerce71
Commission on transaction39
Fee-for-service36
E-commerce - service16
Advertising11
Lending1
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Funding roundsfractile.ai ↗

Spread the love In a remarkable development for the tech startup landscape, Fractile, a London-based AI chip manufacturer, is in the process of negotiating a substantial $200 million funding round that could propel its valuation to an impressive $1 billion, marking its entry into the coveted unicorn club.

IPO activityondoplc.com ↗

Ondo raises £2.30 million via the placing of 6.2 million shares to institutional and other investors and a further 3.0 million shares by way of the subscription.

Funding roundsverv.energy ↗

The $55 million energy technology program—funded by Wells Fargo & Company and coadministered by NREL—welcomed three startups to its next cohort in the Emerging Tech track.

Mergers & acquisitionselvie.com ↗

Willow Innovations has announced its acquisition of UK-based femtech innovator Elvie.

Funding roundsstrolll.co ↗

In the same year, Strolll also entered the US market in a €2.7 million collaboration with US healthcare provider, Cleveland Clinic.

Funding roundsinsurevision.ai ↗

InsureVision, an InsurTech company specialising in AI-powered contextual driving risk assessment technology, has successfully raised $2.7m in a seed funding round.

Funding roundsrestrata.com ↗

Restrata has raised investment from Scottish Equity Partners to support the expansion of existing operations in North America, Europe and the Middle East.

Funding roundshealthhero.com ↗

Health Hero Network (Redwood City, California) said it has secured $16 million in an oversubscribed Series B financing to underwrite ongoing new product development and marketing for its Health Buddy System.

Mergers & acquisitionsiknaia.co.uk ↗

WellStat, a U.S.-based leader in energy management and air quality monitoring solutions, has acquired UK-based Iknaia Limited and its highly innovative Airscan product portfolio.

Funding roundslaiier.io ↗

Colorado, United States, January 28 2025 –– LAIIER, an innovative liquid leak detection solution provider for commercial and industrial buildings, announced today that it has raised US$4M in seed extension funding.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 55 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Leadership moves
14
Funding rounds
13
Capital infusions
6
Earnings
5
New products
4
Mergers & acquisitions
4
Contracts
3
Company announcements
2
Lawsuit
1
IPO activity
1
6 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IPO pipeline

1 companies with recorded IPO activity

Ondo ↗

OFS1 reports

Leadership moves

3 tracked people moves

Rithum ↗
Mausam Bhatt

Appointment Chief Product Officer

Rithum ↗
Caitlin Hauser

Appointment Chief Financial Officer

Rithum ↗
Gregory Banning

Appointment Chief Revenue Officer

Product launches

Products, platforms and features in the recorded window

Catapult ↗
Slingshot Implementation Packages

Product

DIGISEQ ↗
Visa tokenisation support

Wearable payment technology

Contract wins

4 recorded customer wins

Fractile ↗

Customer: Manufacturing

Edge ↗

Customer: safaricomTelecommunications

Ondo ↗

Customer: admiral group

Tallarna ↗

Customer: nyserdaInsurance

Regulatory events

1 recorded events

Ondo ↗

admitted to official listFinancial Conduct Authority

Litigation

1 tracked suits

Company
telekom deutschland v Edge Network

telecommunications services feesCivil ·

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
willow→Elvie ↗Announced2025-04-02Not stated in snapshot
wellstat→Iknaia ↗Announced2025-02-05Not stated in snapshot
Dowgate Group Limited→Ondo ↗Announced2024-08-01Not stated in snapshot
Eli Lilly and Company→Aparito ↗Completed2024-07-15Not stated in snapshot
fitbit→Vector Watch ↗Completed2024-05-29Not stated in snapshot
stellantis→CloudMade ↗Announced2024-02-22Not stated in snapshot

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

1 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 10-posting snapshot covers 3 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Program Manager1
Senior Account Executive (Smb) German Speaker1
0 internship postings

4 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

2 postings specify a level.

unspecified
8
manager
1
senior
1

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 10 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Business Mapping Software
1
Computational Intelligence
1
Business Intelligence
1
Application Support
1
Technical Support
1
Business Modelling
1
Seo
1
Webinar Management
1
Digital Marketing
1
Aws
1
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

337 founders and chief executives across 232 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

66 profiles with education records.

Imperial College London
21
University of Cambridge
17
University of Oxford
7
University College London
5
University of Manchester
3
INSEAD
3
London Business School (LBS)
3
University of Bristol
2

Prior employers

7 profiles with prior-work records.

Microsoft
3
Morgan Stanley
2
Boston Consulting Group
1
Intel
1
Facebook
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

10,134 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
10,134articles in the measured year
2,599articles in 2026Q1
77.4%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Internet of Things - Industry Applications coverage tagged London · articles per complete quarter

09041,8072,7113,6142021Q2: 1,4262021Q22021Q3: 1,5322021Q4: 1,6312022Q1: 2,0942022Q2: 1,9692022Q22022Q3: 1,6562022Q4: 1,9182023Q1: 1,9002023Q2: 2,1852023Q22023Q3: 2,0722023Q4: 2,0452024Q1: 2,2852024Q2: 2,3842024Q22024Q3: 2,4942024Q4: 2,5192025Q1: 3,1432025Q2: 2,3622025Q22025Q3: 3,1342025Q4: 2,0762026Q1: 2,5992026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q21,426
2021Q31,532
2021Q41,631
2022Q12,094
2022Q21,969
2022Q31,656
2022Q41,918
2023Q11,900
2023Q22,185
2023Q32,072
2023Q42,045
2024Q12,285
2024Q22,384
2024Q32,494
2024Q42,519
2025Q13,143
2025Q22,362
2025Q33,134
2025Q42,076
2026Q12,599

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
3,976 positive · 32 neutral · 885 negative
2022
5,813 positive · 38 neutral · 1,774 negative
2023
6,319 positive · 47 neutral · 1,825 negative
2024
7,251 positive · 52 neutral · 2,368 negative
2025
8,279 positive · 60 neutral · 2,363 negative

Leading coverage topics

Internet of Things - Industry Applications coverage tagged London · ranked by full-period article count.

New Product Launches And Innovations4,661 articles in the full recorded period
1,130 recent · 1,033 prior
Technology Adoption And Digital Transformation4,546 articles in the full recorded period
1,090 recent · 1,036 prior
Strategic Partnerships And Collaborations4,481 articles in the full recorded period
1,118 recent · 973 prior
International Sports Competitions2,013 articles in the full recorded period
117 recent · 476 prior
Industry Awards And Recognition Announcements1,851 articles in the full recorded period
378 recent · 435 prior
Executive Leadership Changes And Appointments1,810 articles in the full recorded period
415 recent · 347 prior
Wearable Technology And Smartwatches1,620 articles in the full recorded period
449 recent · 572 prior
Tablets And E Readers1,380 articles in the full recorded period
598 recent · 402 prior
Market Research And Consumer Behavior Analysis1,291 articles in the full recorded period
441 recent · 312 prior
Artificial Intelligence Advancements1,276 articles in the full recorded period
438 recent · 421 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United Kingdom comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
android tablet32818280%
tablet30815994%
ipad25014869%
kindle24214765%
fire tablet238112112%
galaxy tab14954176%
e-book reader1398465%
cloud infrastructure1388759%
online safety parenting1368756%
tariff negotiations1338753%
copa libertadores1215-100%
drone airspace rules90181-50%
faa drone rules91180-49%
fitness tracker98155-37%
cloud firewall28134-79%

Event and signal lenses

United Kingdom comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

62,995 classified articles

ai regulation compliance, responsible ai, drone airspace rules

42.4% critical · 44.1% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

14,238 classified articles

quarterfinals, satellite telecommunication, satellite ground stations

36.0% critical · 55.6% positive
Rising

Growth

36,154 classified articles

business partnership, earnings report, quarterly financials

28.7% critical · 54.8% positive

Internet of Things - Industry Applications coverage tagged London. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Internet of Things - Industry Applications research is working on

53,452 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.

Expand panel +
53,452papers
53,452worldwide comparison pool
—India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Breakthrough
21,841
Promising
18,651
Problem-identifying
5,399
Descriptive
4,956
Comparative
1,438
Cautionary
1,003
Critical
164

Contribution mix

Methods-led
36,187
Reviews
7,462
Empirical
7,332
Position pieces
2,136
Theoretical
335

Tone counts: 50,916 positive · 649 neutral · 1,887 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
5,563 papers · 10.4% of this field
  • Internet of Things3,046 papers
  • Computer security670 papers
  • Smart city453 papers
  • Cloud computing443 papers
  • Wireless sensor network433 papers
  • Software deployment304 papers
  • Wireless279 papers
  • Big data271 papers

Landmark: Internet of Things in Industries: A Survey

Cautions
1,003 papers · 1.9% of this field
  • Internet of Things446 papers
  • Computer security102 papers
  • Wireless sensor network80 papers
  • Smart city74 papers
  • Software deployment68 papers
  • Scalability62 papers
  • Wireless54 papers
  • Cloud computing52 papers

Landmark: Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes: Survey and Implications

Opportunities
40,492 papers · 75.8% of this field
  • Internet of Things18,037 papers
  • Wireless sensor network5,616 papers
  • Wireless3,484 papers
  • Scalability3,083 papers
  • Cloud computing2,688 papers
  • Computer security2,431 papers
  • Software deployment1,922 papers
  • Intrusion detection system1,795 papers

Landmark: Fog computing and its role in the internet of things

Leading institutions

Chinese Academy of Sciences
21,893
Cisco Systems
18,490
Georgia Institute of Technology
17,309
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
15,953
Qatar University
15,385
National University of Singapore
15,129

Leading researchers

Mohsen Guizani
13,606
Ala Al‐Fuqaha
12,169
Michele Zorzi
11,065
Li Da Xu
10,605
Mehdi Mohammadi
9,118
Moussa Ayyash
8,393
Lorenzo Vangelista
8,239
Mohammed Aledhari
8,137

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Smart Cities in Europe3,247 citations
  • XORs in the Air: Practical Wireless Network Coding2,264 citations
  • Effective Heart Disease Prediction Using Hybrid Machine Learning Techniques1,805 citations
  • Internet of Things: Architectures, Protocols, and Applications1,652 citations
  • Learning IoT in Edge: Deep Learning for the Internet of Things with Edge Computing1,555 citations

Common problems researchers identify

4,994 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

IoT Foundations and Industrial IntegrationCommon problems researchers identify · 01

IoT Foundations and Industrial Integration

1,322 papers

26.5% of this theme group

Surveys the core IoT technologies, embedded systems, and their role in industrial and web environments.

Internet of Things (1,181) · Embedded system (72) · World Wide Web (73) · Industrial Internet (47)

Wearables and the Internet of Things (IoT), Applications, Opportunities, and Challenges: A Survey

A Review of Academic and Patent Progress on Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies for Enhanced Environmental Solutions

View research history
YearShare index
20221901.2
20231781.5
20241404.9
2025615.2
Security and Privacy ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Security and Privacy Challenges

1,051 papers

21.0% of this theme group

Analyzes the security requirements, privacy concerns, and intrusion detection needs of IoT deployments.

Computer security (510) · Internet of Things (912) · Internet privacy (189) · Intrusion detection system (87)

Understanding Security Requirements and Challenges in Internet of Things (IoT): A Review

Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies in Cybersecurity: Challenges and Opportunities

View research history
YearShare index
20221598.2
20231617.3
20241495.3
2025793.5
Computing Continuum and Data ManagementCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Computing Continuum and Data Management

953 papers

19.1% of this theme group

Examines cloud, edge, and big‑data issues arising from the massive computing demands of IoT.

Cloud computing (145) · Emerging technologies (80) · Big data (76) · Edge computing (50)

Empowering Things With Intelligence: A Survey of the Progress, Challenges, and Opportunities in Artificial Intelligence of Things

A Survey on the Computing Continuum and Meta-Operating Systems: Perspectives, Architectures, Outcomes, and Open Challenges

View research history
YearShare index
20221349.3
20231312.1
20241236.7
20251419.2
Wireless Sensor Network LimitationsCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Wireless Sensor Network Limitations

530 papers

10.6% of this theme group

Highlights constraints in wireless sensor networking, including key distribution and reliability problems.

Wireless sensor network (366) · Wireless (220) · Key distribution in wireless sensor networks (53) · Wireless network (82)

Wireless Sensor Networks: a Survey on Environmental Monitoring

Machine Learning for Wireless Sensor Networks Security: An Overview of Challenges and Issues

View research history
YearShare index
20221421.2
20231312.7
2024978.5
2025939.7
Smart City Governance and PlanningCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Smart City Governance and Planning

517 papers

10.4% of this theme group

Discusses how IoT intersects with urban governance, environmental planning, and sustainable city development.

Smart city (377) · Corporate governance (66) · Environmental planning (41) · Architectural engineering (38)

Smart City Development: A Pathway Toward Sustainable Urbanization

THE INTERNET OF THINGS IN SMART CITIES: NEW POSSIBILITIES FOR URBAN ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

View research history
YearShare index
2022159.4
2023163.0
2024150.8
2025220.8
Healthcare Wearables and IntegrationCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Healthcare Wearables and Integration

369 papers

7.4% of this theme group

Reviews IoT‑enabled medical wearables, focusing on technical hurdles and integration into health systems.

Health care (197) · Internet of Things (271) · Wearable computer (66) · Wearable technology (50)

Internet of Things for Smart Healthcare: Technologies, Challenges, and Opportunities

Internet of Things (IoT): A Review of Its Enabling Technologies in Healthcare Applications, Standards Protocols, Security, and Market Opport

View research history
YearShare index
2022185.1
2023189.2
2024169.9
2025195.4
Agricultural IoT and Food SecurityCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Agricultural IoT and Food Security

252 papers

5.0% of this theme group

Explores IoT applications in precision farming and their impact on agricultural productivity and security.

Agriculture (140) · Precision agriculture (45) · Internet of Things (172) · Food security (26)

A Survey on the Role of IoT in Agriculture for the Implementation of Smart Farming

Smart Farming: Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Sustainable Agriculture

View research history
YearShare index
202295.1
2023113.5
2024118.9
2025144.1

Cautions

892 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Interoperability Across SectorsCautions · 01

Interoperability Across Sectors

231 papers

25.9% of this theme group

Warns of integration difficulties when IoT spans agriculture, healthcare, and supply‑chain domains.

Internet of Things (185) · Agriculture (22) · Health care (23) · Interoperability (16)

Examining potential benefits and challenges associated with the Internet of Things integration in supply chains

Smart Infrastructure Systems: A Review of IoT-Enabled Monitoring and Automation in Civil and Agricultural Engineering

View research history
YearShare index
2022255.9
2023277.8
2024272.4
2025324.0
Energy and Routing in Sensor NetworksCautions · 02

Energy and Routing in Sensor Networks

168 papers

18.8% of this theme group

Points out energy‑harvesting limits and routing protocol challenges for wireless sensor deployments.

Wireless sensor network (76) · Wireless (40) · Computer network (23) · Wireless network (11)

Energy Harvesting Sensor Nodes: Survey and Implications

Routing Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks - A Survey

View research history
YearShare index
20222038.9
20231899.8
20241439.0
20251142.5
Privacy‑Preserving Security MeasuresCautions · 03

Privacy‑Preserving Security Measures

165 papers

18.5% of this theme group

Calls for stronger privacy‑focused protections and robust intrusion detection in IoT environments.

Internet of Things (131) · Computer security (71) · Internet privacy (25) · Intrusion detection system (20)

Privacy-preserving security of IoT networks: A comparative analysis of methods and applications

Securing IoT Devices in Smart Cities: A Review of Proposed Solutions

View research history
YearShare index
20221598.2
20231617.3
20241495.3
2025793.5
Robustness of Wearable and Digital Health SystemsCautions · 04

Robustness of Wearable and Digital Health Systems

124 papers

13.9% of this theme group

Highlights resilience concerns for wearable devices and health data against adversarial attacks.

Robustness (14) · Resilience (11) · Wearable technology (8) · Digital health (5)

Smart Defenders: An Empirical Analysis of Adversary System Resilience in Cybersecurity

Towards Trustworthy Wi-Fi Sensing: Systematic Evaluation of Deep Learning Model Robustness to Adversarial Attacks

View research history
YearShare index
202233.1
202334.0
202429.2
202538.6
Governance and Urban Planning RisksCautions · 05

Governance and Urban Planning Risks

107 papers

12.0% of this theme group

Notes potential pitfalls in aligning IoT technologies with municipal governance and urban planning goals.

Smart city (60) · Corporate governance (19) · Environmental planning (15) · Urban planning (7)

Smart city concept: Integrating technology into municipal governance

AI-Driven Smart Cities: Improving Urban Infrastructure and Services

View research history
YearShare index
2022159.4
2023163.0
2024150.8
2025220.8
Blockchain Integration ChallengesCautions · 06

Blockchain Integration Challenges

55 papers

6.2% of this theme group

Examines security and scalability issues when combining blockchain with IoT for supply‑chain traceability.

Blockchain (46) · Internet of Things (41) · Computer security (14) · Supply chain (7)

Blockchain technology for security issues and challenges in IoT

Exploring Blockchain–IoT Convergence for Logistics Traceability: A Systematic Review and Future Outlook

View research history
YearShare index
20221570.3
20231606.2
20241540.1
20251048.0
Edge Computing and Data Rate ConstraintsCautions · 07

Edge Computing and Data Rate Constraints

42 papers

4.7% of this theme group

Discusses limitations of edge devices and evolving data‑rate requirements for IoT applications.

Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (19) · Edge computing (12) · Edge device (8) · Internet of Things (25)

Role of Edge Computing in IoT

Federated Learning for Sustainable Development Using IoT/Edge Computing System

View research history
YearShare index
2022323.9
2023324.2
2024283.4
2025346.8

Opportunities

36,998 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Scalable Wearable Computing PlatformsOpportunities · 01

Scalable Wearable Computing Platforms

1,227 papers

20.4% of this theme group

Identifies advances in wearable hardware and software that enable robust, large‑scale health and mobility services.

Wearable computer (102) · Software deployment (102) · Scalability (126) · Robustness (72)

Enhancing Fall Risk Detection in Intelligent Healthcare System: A <scp>6G</scp> ‐Enabled Integrated Communication, Sensing, and Computing Ap

Empowering Autonomous Driving: Adaptive AI–Orchestrated Distributed System Framework for Balancing Perception Accuracy and Latency

View research history
YearShare index
2022442.9
2023456.4
2024306.8
2025742.1
Energy‑Efficient Smart City NetworksOpportunities · 02

Energy‑Efficient Smart City Networks

1,208 papers

20.1% of this theme group

Highlights methods for reducing power consumption while maintaining performance in urban IoT infrastructures.

Internet of Things (910) · Smart city (84) · Computer network (105) · Edge computing (59)

Energy efficient resource management for real-time IoT applications

Efficient Utilization of Energy in IoT Devices Using Machine Learning Algorithms

View research history
YearShare index
20221597.4
20231499.4
20241173.0
2025731.5
Real‑Time Embedded IoT SystemsOpportunities · 03

Real‑Time Embedded IoT Systems

1,057 papers

17.6% of this theme group

Focuses on embedded solutions delivering real‑time monitoring and control across diverse IoT applications.

Internet of Things (858) · Embedded system (198) · Computer security (185) · Real-time computing (80)

Integrated IoT System for Real-Time Electrical Load Monitoring

Implementation of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based Air Quality Monitoring System for Enhancing Indoor Environments

View research history
YearShare index
20222246.8
20232238.1
20241895.6
2025868.1
Optimized Wireless Sensor DeploymentsOpportunities · 04

Optimized Wireless Sensor Deployments

986 papers

16.4% of this theme group

Presents techniques for efficient sensor placement, energy use, and data acquisition in wireless networks.

Wireless sensor network (736) · Wireless (351) · Key distribution in wireless sensor networks (66) · Wireless network (101)

Efficient Placement and Dispatch of Sensors in a Wireless Sensor Network

Energy-Efficient Sensing in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Compressed Sensing

View research history
YearShare index
20221421.2
20231312.7
2024978.5
2025939.7
Advanced Intrusion Detection for IoTOpportunities · 05

Advanced Intrusion Detection for IoT

646 papers

10.8% of this theme group

Explores machine‑learning approaches to detect anomalies and mitigate denial‑of‑service attacks in IoT.

Intrusion detection system (202) · Internet of Things (412) · Anomaly detection (103) · Denial-of-service attack (45)

A Novel Deep Learning-Based Intrusion Detection System for IoT Networks

Optimized Intrusion Detection in IoT Networks Using Machine Learning for Enhanced Security

View research history
YearShare index
2022191.5
2023197.2
2024189.1
2025264.3
Secure Blockchain‑IoT FrameworksOpportunities · 06

Secure Blockchain‑IoT Frameworks

459 papers

7.7% of this theme group

Describes blockchain‑based authentication and encryption schemes that strengthen IoT security in smart cities.

Blockchain (148) · Internet of Things (257) · Encryption (60) · Authentication (63)

A blockchain‐ and artificial intelligence‐enabled smart IoT framework for sustainable city

The Convergence of Blockchain and <scp>IoT</scp> in Secure Smart Cities: A Survey of Applications, Challenges, and Opportunities

View research history
YearShare index
2022662.6
2023704.2
2024739.2
2025717.5
Precision Agriculture AutomationOpportunities · 07

Precision Agriculture Automation

417 papers

7.0% of this theme group

Shows IoT‑driven monitoring and automated irrigation systems that boost efficiency and sustainability in farming.

Agriculture (145) · Precision agriculture (81) · Internet of Things (283) · Irrigation (39)

IoT-Based Smart Agriculture Monitoring and Automated Irrigation System for Efficient Farming

Utilizing IoT and AI for Soil Health Monitoring and Enhancement in Sustainable Agriculture

View research history
YearShare index
202299.3
2023117.3
2024124.0
2025146.4

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Breakthrough40.9%26.2%
Promising34.9%37.0%
Problem-identifying10.1%9.7%
Descriptive9.3%17.7%
Comparative2.7%3.9%
Cautionary1.9%4.6%
Critical0.3%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceA Survey on Security and Privacy Issues in Internet-of-Things3,0116.25%757 (25.1%)6.25%
Energy & datacenter footprintEnergy management in wireless sensor networks with energy-hungry sensors2820.59%26 (9.2%)0.59%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainIoT and Smart City Solutions for Sustainable Waste Management520.11%8 (15.4%)0.11%
Safety & misuseWeaponized IoT: A Comprehensive Comparative Forensic Analysis of Hacker Raspberry Pi and PC Kali Linux Machine520.11%7 (13.5%)0.11%
Bias & fairnessSecurity, Privacy, and Fairness in Fog-Based Vehicular Crowdsensing180.04%0 (0.0%)0.04%
Concentration of compute powerBig Tech kontra Gemeinwohl130.03%3 (23.1%)0.03%
Carbon & emissions of computeEcoAIoT: A Survey on Ecological and Sustainable AIoT Systems with Energy Harvesting90.02%1 (11.1%)0.02%
Water useDeep Learning Approaches for Forecasting Water Demand in IoT-Based Water Systems30.01%0 (0.0%)0.01%
Labour & data workAnalysis of the Labour Market for IT Leadership Competences in the Field of AI and IoT20.0%0 (0.0%)0.0%

Research orientation and citation rankings describe the covered collection. Its recorded publication dates do not support an overall publication-volume trend.

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Internet of Things - Industry Applications in London: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 3 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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