Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE SAN FRANCISCO EDITION 2026

San Francisco’s
life sciences industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping life sciences in San Francisco. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Life Sciences Industry Landscape of San Francisco
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Life Sciences illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore San Francisco’s life sciences leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Life Sciences company highlights in San Francisco, snapshot 31 August 2026
Company
Invitaeinvitae.com$2.5B1,700$516.3MFYFY2022 filing
Xairaxaira.com$1B
Nektarnektar.com$905M137$55.23MFYFY2025 filing
Denali Therapeuticsdenalitherapeutics.com$846.73M377$0FYFY2025 filing
Cytokineticscytokinetics.com$740.16M9 roles423$88.04MFYFY2025 filing
Livongolivongo.com$720.2M163
Portola Pharmaportola.com$692.49M369
Fluidigmfluidigm.com$672.56M618
Exelixisexelixis.com11 roles953Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
BillionToOnebilliontoone.com10 roles47Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
SafelyYousafely-you.com10 roles85
Twist Biosciencetwistbioscience.com10 roles919Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Mirionmirion.com9 roles2,872
Endpoint Clinicalendpointclinical.com8 roles125
Veracyteveracyte.com8 roles815$517.14MFYFY2025 filing
Academiaacademia.edu87
Atara Biotherapeuticsatarabio.com909Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Biotricitybiotricity.com55$13.79MFYFY2025 filing
Innovaccerinnovaccer.com1,003
MDacnemdacne.com5
Ollyolly.com30
One Skin Technologiesoneskin.co17
Onyx Pharmaceuticalsonyx-pharm.com741Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Sun Basketsunbasket.com696
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

Life Sciences industry KPIs in San Francisco

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

31 August 2026
Hiring participation11.0%

102 of 925 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation62.4%

577 of 925 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share9.5%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$7.5M

Midpoint of 1,231 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 9.5% of disclosed capital, while 37.6% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How San Francisco life sciences has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

San Francisco life sciences
$0$1.78B$3.55B$5.33B$7.11B2016: $1.6B20162017: $1.78B20172018: $4.62B20182019: $2.98B20192020: $6.01B20202021: $6.23B20212022: $3.7B20222023: $2.64B20232024: $5.11B20242025: $3.52B2025
View the numbers
Annual life sciences funding and company formation in San Francisco
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$1.6B8091
2017$1.78B57101
2018$4.62B61104
2019$2.98B57102
2020$6.01B45110
2021$6.23B40109
2022$3.7B4293
2023$2.64B4591
2024$5.11B3891
2025$3.52B2698
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Invitae5.4%
  • Xaira2.2%
  • Nektar1.9%
  • Other companies90.5%

Funding by stage

1,375 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel342 24.9%
Series A–B468 34.0%
Series C+ / PE160 11.6%
Grants, debt & other405 29.5%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
8 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Post IPO05/2026
Quince Therapeutics $187M

Backed by Balyasny Asset Management and Affinity Asset Advisors and others.

Seed05/2026
Blank Bio $7.2M

Backed by Define Ventures and Leonis Capital and others.

Series C04/2026
Terremoto $108M

Backed by RA Capital Management and Deep Track Capital and others.

Series A04/2026
Osteoboost $8M

Backed by Ambit Health Ventures and Emmeline Ventures and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series D04/2024
Xairaxaira.com$1B

Backed by Arch Venture Partners and Foresite Labs and others.

Series C03/2024
Alumisalumis.com$259M

Backed by Foresite Capital and Samsara BioCapital and others.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · annual statements grouped by reported fiscal year; exact entity periods remain on preview rows · 25 reporting entities from 50 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts$2,858.8m

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not San Francisco market sales.

Net profit / loss$-2,948.2m

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin-103.1%

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue$21.0m

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities+20.0%

5 of 25 covered entities.

Top-five concentration+72.8%

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 25 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

25 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
SAN FRANCISCO · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does life sciences compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the San Francisco companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Busiest websites

12 of the 925 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (1.3%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 159,059 visits.

CompanyMonthly visitsAuthorityMobile
Academiaacademia.edu27,026,9167141.9%
Luminate Healthluminatehealth.com444,8792466%
Virtavirtahealth.com312,3205266.3%
Thistlethistle.co259,0533973%
Pendulumpendulumlife.com230,9523772.2%
Ollyolly.com164,4914866%
ZBioticszbiotics.com153,6274078.3%
Nebula Genomicsnebula.org151,2454076.7%
iRhythm Techirhythmtech.com90,9884164.8%
Signossignos.com68,1444475.5%

Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.

Most-installed apps

41 of these companies (4.4%) publish at least one Android app — 59 apps in all, carrying 9.6M installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Academia.eduAcademia4.8M4.7Education
Fastin: Intermittent FastingFemometer1.5M4.5Health & Fitness
LivongoLivongo789.2K3.8Health & Fitness
MDacne - Custom Acne TreatmentMDacne700.3K4.4Medical
MyZioiRhythm Tech648.1K4.7Medical
iBaby CareiBaby Labs232K2Video Players & Editors
Qaly | ECG ReaderQALY213.1K2.9Health & Fitness
Sunbasket - Meal Kit DeliverySun Basket152.2K4.2Food & Drink
Virta HealthVirta138.1K4.7Medical
Lavita AILavita115.2K5Health & Fitness

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2024Q1–2026Q1).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Life Sciences Tech154.9MAcademia.edu 4.8M
Disease Self Management253.8MFastin: Intermittent Fasting 1.5M
Wearable Technology213.4MLivongo 789.2K
Online Mom & Baby Care61.8MiBaby Care 232K
Healthcare It161.8MMyZio 648.1K
Women Health31.6MFemometer Connect: Femometer 101.3K
Cardiac And Vascular Disorders8945.5KQaly | ECG Reader 213.1K
Diabetes6866.1KLinkBluCon 57.3K

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2022Q4: 12022Q4: 02022Q42023Q1: 12023Q1: 02023Q12024Q1: 32024Q1: 12024Q12024Q2: 12024Q2: 02024Q22024Q3: 22024Q3: 42024Q32024Q4: 22024Q4: 02024Q42025Q1: 22025Q1: 32025Q12025Q2: 22025Q2: 02025Q22025Q3: 22025Q3: 82025Q32025Q4: 42025Q4: 52025Q42026Q1: 22026Q1: 82026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 57 of 59 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The San Francisco life sciences market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech703
Healthtech280
Biopharmaceuticals274
Enterprise software233
Deep tech180
Medical devices159
Consumer digital124
Saas109
Healthtech saas90
Iot in healthcare51
Clinical trials tech49
In vitro diagnostics47

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

703companies
12.9%have hiring activity

91 companies hiring · $40.05B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Subscription442
Physical commerce338
E-commerce - product231
Fee-for-service121
Commission on transaction25
Advertising14
E-commerce - service7
Sponsorship1
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
IPO activitynektar.com ↗

Nektar sold 4,062,500 shares of common stock in the offering, which includes 529,891 shares sold upon exercise in full by the underwriters of their option to purchase additional shares of common stock in the offering.

Mergers & acquisitionsdayonebio.com ↗

The acquisition strengthens Servier’s leadership in low-grade glioma and expands the Group’s position in oncology with the addition of a marketed product and pipeline focused on rare cancers.

Funding roundsterremotobio.com ↗

Terremoto Biosciences Raises $108M Series C for selective AKT1 therapies in oncology and rare disease

Funding roundsspyretx.com ↗

Spyre Therapeutics, Inc. (“Spyre” or the “Company”) announced the pricing of its previously announced underwritten public offering of 6,500,000 shares of its common stock at a price to the public of $62.00 per share.

Funding roundsallogene.com ↗

Allogene Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: ALLO ) today announced that it intends to offer and sell, in an underwritten public offering and subject to market and other conditions, $175 million of shares of its common stock.

Funding roundstippingpointbiosciences.com ↗

Emerging biotechnology company aims to unlock targeting of disease-specific epigenetic protein interfaces to develop next‑generation therapies for pediatric cancers SAN FRANCISCO–(BUSINESS WIRE)–TippingPoint Biosciences today announced the closing of an oversubscribed $4.5 million seed financing to advance a breakthrough drug discovery platform that targets epigenetic protein interfaces long considered “undruggable,” opening a new frontier in precision medicine.

Mergers & acquisitionskezarlifesciences.com ↗

Aurinia Pharmaceuticals has entered into a definitive agreement to acquire Kezar Life Sciences.

Funding roundscentivax.com ↗

Centivax, Inc., a clinical-stage biotechnology company engineering vaccines and therapies for durable, universal protection against highly diverse targets, announced the closing of a $37 million oversubscribed financing led by Structure Fund.

Funding roundsimmunebridge.com ↗

The San Francisco biotech announced a second seed round of $7.7 million USD, led by NFX – the venture firm behind Lyft, DoorDash, and Mammoth Biosciences, with over $1.5 billion USD under management – alongside One Way Ventures, M Ventures, Insight Partners, LongGame Ventures, T.Rx Capital, Healthspan Capital, Sand Hill Angels, and two independent investors.

Funding roundstempesttx.com ↗

$2 million upfront with up to approximately $4 million of potential aggregate gross proceeds upon the exercise in full of warrants BRISBANE, Calif., March 23, 2026 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) -- Tempest Therapeutics, Inc. (Nasdaq: TPST ) (the “Company”), a clinical-stage biotechnology company...

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 1,354 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Earnings
421
Funding rounds
271
Leadership moves
180
IPO activity
127
Mergers & acquisitions
102
Company announcements
83
Contracts
43
Capital infusions
29
Lawsuit
21
Asset acquisitions
17
6 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Leadership moves

32 tracked people moves

Andrew Fang, Ph.D.

Appointment Head of Business Development

David R. Epstein

Appointment Member of the Board of Directors

Allen Chen

Appointment Vice President of Medical Affairs and Clinical Development, Oncology

Veracyte ↗
Kevin Haas, Ph.D.

Appointment Chief Development and Technology Officer

Virta ↗
Laura Walmsley

Appointment Chief Commercial Officer

Viz.ai ↗
Jallel Harrati

Appointment Chief Revenue Officer

Structure ↗
Danielle Keatley

Death Previously Vice President of Investor Relations and Corporate Communications

Vanina de Verneuil, J.D.

Promotion Senior Vice President, Legal and Corporate Secretary

Contract wins

22 recorded customer wins

Customer: Xiamen Amoytop Biotech

Customer: astellas pharmaHealthcare/Biotechnology

Cellares ↗

Customer: Autolus TherapeuticsBiotechnology

XWPharma ↗

Customer: avadel pharmaceuticalsbiopharmaceuticals

CHO Plus ↗

Customer: Biomedical Advanced Research and Development AuthorityBiopharmaceutical

CHO Plus ↗

Customer: BARDA’s BioMaP-ConsortiumBiopharmaceutical Manufacturing

Regulatory events

23 recorded events

accelerated approvalFDA

priority review grantedU.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Napo Pharma ↗

FDA-approved for symptomatic relief of noninfectious diarrhea in adult patients with HIV/AIDS on antiretroviral therapyU.S. Food and Drug Administration

Conditionally approved for treatment of chemotherapy‑induced diarrhea in dogsU.S. Food and Drug Administration

Litigation

14 tracked suits

Company
natera v archerdx, invitae

patent infringement and royalty disputePatent · Ongoing

Company
iRhythm shareholders v irhythm technologies

securities fraudSecurities Fraud · Ongoing

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

48companies
457period observations
19.3%median reported growth

Median across 165 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
ampersand capital partnersNektar ↗Announced2026-05-03Not stated in snapshot
sanofiMedivation ↗Announced2026-04-28$9.3B
servierDay One ↗Completed2026-04-23$2.5B
aurinia pharmaceuticalsKezar Life Sciences ↗Announced2026-04-01Not stated in snapshot
biomemoryCatalog Technologies ↗Announced2026-03-11Not stated in snapshot
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)rapt ↗Announced2026-03-09$2.2B

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

1,273 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 2,260-posting snapshot covers 143 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Cdl A Company Truck Driver77
Account Executive48
Cdl A Lease Truck Drivers28
Administrative Coordinator19
Hr Generalist16
Cdl A Dedicated Truck Driver14
0 internship postings

32 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

718 postings specify a level.

unspecified
1,542
manager
423
senior
224
lead
38
intern
24
entry
9

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 2,260 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Python
59
Cdl A
30
Typescript
27
Kubernetes
23
Salesforce
22
React
22
Aws
19
Rust
19
C++
18
Ai
18
ADVERTISED PAY$139.0K/ year

Median across 249 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

Salary by seniority

manager$190.0K/ year67 postings
senior$169.5K/ year45 postings

Advertised posting medians do not describe all employees or roles.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

873 founders and chief executives across 561 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

327 profiles with education records.

Stanford University
77
University of California (Berkeley)
49
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
48
Harvard University
37
University of Pennsylvania
19
University of California (Los Angeles)
15
University of Oxford
14
University of Cambridge
14

Prior employers

39 profiles with prior-work records.

McKinsey
7
Google
7
Intel
5
Facebook
5
Microsoft
4
Amazon
3
Apple
3
Goldman Sachs
2

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

6,666 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
6,666articles in the measured year
2,643articles in 2026Q1
83.3%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Life Sciences coverage tagged San Francisco · articles per complete quarter

01,9403,8815,8217,7612021Q2: 2,0582021Q22021Q3: 2,3122021Q4: 1,8042022Q1: 2,1842022Q2: 1,7012022Q22022Q3: 1,5342022Q4: 1,5892023Q1: 1,9522023Q2: 1,9622023Q22023Q3: 1,3932023Q4: 1,9452024Q1: 2,2552024Q2: 1,7672024Q22024Q3: 1,5292024Q4: 1,4962025Q1: 6,7492025Q2: 1,1612025Q22025Q3: 1,3992025Q4: 1,4632026Q1: 2,6432026Q1
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q22,058
2021Q32,312
2021Q41,804
2022Q12,184
2022Q21,701
2022Q31,534
2022Q41,589
2023Q11,952
2023Q21,962
2023Q31,393
2023Q41,945
2024Q12,255
2024Q21,767
2024Q31,529
2024Q41,496
2025Q16,749
2025Q21,161
2025Q31,399
2025Q41,463
2026Q12,643

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
5,180 positive · 64 neutral · 1,459 negative
2022
5,738 positive · 44 neutral · 1,222 negative
2023
6,055 positive · 56 neutral · 1,134 negative
2024
5,796 positive · 67 neutral · 1,180 negative
2025
8,964 positive · 65 neutral · 1,728 negative

Leading coverage topics

Life Sciences coverage tagged San Francisco · ranked by full-period article count.

Covid 19 Vaccine Development And Efficacy Trials39,155 articles in the full recorded period
3,816 recent · 1,137 prior
Oncology And Targeted Therapy Advancements28,440 articles in the full recorded period
5,253 recent · 7,172 prior
Covid 19 Vaccination Campaigns And Rollout Strategies23,158 articles in the full recorded period
2,429 recent · 567 prior
Rare Disease Therapies And Orphan Drugs22,835 articles in the full recorded period
4,860 recent · 6,623 prior
Economy News: Inflation Rate Analysis22,793 articles in the full recorded period
5,403 recent · 4,499 prior
Gene Therapy And Crispr Technologies19,287 articles in the full recorded period
3,916 recent · 5,313 prior
Drug Pricing And Reimbursement Strategies19,105 articles in the full recorded period
6,323 recent · 4,596 prior
Vaccine Research And Production Methods14,227 articles in the full recorded period
1,534 recent · 1,914 prior
Macroeconomic Policy And Global Economics13,875 articles in the full recorded period
2,509 recent · 4,830 prior
Generic Drug Development And Market Trends13,278 articles in the full recorded period
3,980 recent · 3,287 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

United States comparison coverage

KeywordRecentPriorChange
vaccine candidates3,157898252%
vaccine trials2,962904228%
vaccination campaigns2,752555396%
vaccine immunogenicity2,473668270%
mass vaccination sites2,021272643%
vaccination coverage1,516202650%
vaccine effectiveness study1,400251458%
angel investors1,344590128%
covid-19 vaccine development1,335238461%
pandemic vaccine stockpiling1,294242435%
investigational new vaccine4511,069-58%
cell-based therapies6191,059-42%
viral vector vaccines6841,048-35%
cancer biomarkers6701,040-36%
diagnostic biotechnology570948-40%

Event and signal lenses

United States comparison coverage

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

290,712 classified articles

core inflation rate, inflation outlook, inflation breakdown

52.8% critical · 34.6% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

102,225 classified articles

angel investors, vaccine candidates, vaccine trials

49.1% critical · 55.2% positive
Rising

Growth

175,378 classified articles

gdp acceleration, gdp growth rate, economic output growth

49.7% critical · 39.6% positive

Life Sciences coverage tagged San Francisco. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Life Sciences research is working on

6,260 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
6,260papers
53,147worldwide comparison pool
6,260India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Breakthrough
2,038
Promising
1,943
Descriptive
1,098
Problem-identifying
567
Cautionary
360
Comparative
175
Critical
79

Contribution mix

Empirical
3,753
Methods-led
1,242
Reviews
1,058
Position pieces
198
Theoretical
9

Tone counts: 5,526 positive · 456 neutral · 278 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
646 papers · 10.3% of this field
  • Agriculture59 papers
  • Antibiotic resistance53 papers
  • Biotechnology46 papers
  • Antimicrobial34 papers
  • Public health31 papers
  • Production28 papers
  • Population27 papers
  • Antibiotics24 papers

Landmark: The International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics consensus statement on the scope and appropriate use of the term prob

Cautions
360 papers · 5.8% of this field
  • Gene21 papers
  • Agriculture19 papers
  • Antibody15 papers
  • Mutation15 papers
  • In vivo14 papers
  • Population12 papers
  • Antibiotic resistance11 papers
  • Mitochondrion11 papers

Landmark: Genomic responses in mouse models poorly mimic human inflammatory diseases

Opportunities
3,981 papers · 63.6% of this field
  • Gene284 papers
  • In vivo224 papers
  • Antibody125 papers
  • Gene expression121 papers
  • Cell culture115 papers
  • Messenger RNA110 papers
  • Transcription103 papers
  • Cell101 papers

Landmark: U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro

Leading institutions

Harvard University
86,693
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
74,901
Cornell University
42,772
Stanford University
38,500
National Institutes of Health
35,881
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
33,017

Leading researchers

Daniel Merenstein
9,186
Colin Hill
8,812
Francisco Guarner
8,812
Gregor Reid
8,812
Glenn R. Gibson
8,812
Ahmad Almilaji
8,696
Kalina Szteyn
8,696
Evelyn Fein
8,696

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • U1 snRNP regulates cancer cell migration and invasion in vitro7,224 citations
  • Comprehensive molecular profiling of lung adenocarcinoma5,754 citations
  • The HCV Life Cycle: In vitro Tissue Culture Systems and Therapeutic Targets4,863 citations
  • Cyclic GMP-AMP Synthase Is a Cytosolic DNA Sensor That Activates the Type I Interferon Pathway4,674 citations
  • Circular RNAs are abundant, conserved, and associated with ALU repeats4,505 citations

Common problems researchers identify

632 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Challenges in Biomanufacturing TechnologiesCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Challenges in Biomanufacturing Technologies

116 papers

18.4% of this theme group

Researchers highlight bottlenecks in enzyme use, synthetic biology platforms, and nanotech integration for scalable bioprocesses.

Biochemical engineering (18) · Synthetic biology (12) · Biomanufacturing (8) · Nanotechnology (9)

Microbial Enzymes: Tools for Biotechnological Processes

Medical biofilms

View research history
YearShare index
202267.9
202370.3
202484.4
202567.1
Foodborne Pathogen and Mycotoxin RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Foodborne Pathogen and Mycotoxin Risks

99 papers

15.7% of this theme group

Papers flag rising contamination incidents and public‑health impacts of unsafe produce and toxin‑producing microbes.

Public health (15) · Mycotoxin (8) · Disease (12) · Contamination (8)

The growing burden of foodborne outbreaks due to contaminated fresh produce: risks and opportunities

A review of Listeria monocytogenes: An update on outbreaks, virulence, dose-response, ecology, and risk assessments

View research history
YearShare index
2022301.0
2023265.8
2024276.2
2025304.0
Genomic Instability in CancerCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Genomic Instability in Cancer

98 papers

15.5% of this theme group

Studies emphasize difficulties in accurately profiling DNA methylation and mutation patterns for cancer diagnostics.

Mutation (7) · Cancer (9) · DNA methylation (5) · Gene (8)

Analysis of Cancer Metabolism by Imaging Hyperpolarized Nuclei: Prospects for Translation to Clinical Research

Examination of the specificity of DNA methylation profiling techniques towards 5-methylcytosine and 5-hydroxymethylcytosine

View research history
YearShare index
2022974.1
20231199.2
2024866.8
2025797.1
Abiotic Stress Engineering in CropsCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Abiotic Stress Engineering in Crops

96 papers

15.2% of this theme group

Authors discuss obstacles in modifying plants for drought, salinity, and temperature resilience using biotechnology.

Agriculture (33) · Abiotic stress (10) · Abiotic component (12) · Biotechnology (20)

Genetic Engineering for Modern Agriculture: Challenges and Perspectives

Phytohormones and their metabolic engineering for abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants

View research history
YearShare index
20221472.5
20231503.8
20241656.9
20251839.0
Micronutrient Enrichment and Food ScienceCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Micronutrient Enrichment and Food Science

93 papers

14.7% of this theme group

Research points to gaps in biofortification effectiveness and microbial fermentation for nutrient‑rich food products.

Micronutrient (9) · Production (13) · Nutrient (10) · Food science (7)

Improving nutrition through biofortification: A review of evidence from HarvestPlus, 2003 through 2016

Food fermentations: Microorganisms with technological beneficial use

View research history
YearShare index
2022120.6
2023117.1
2024113.1
2025122.2
Escalating Antibiotic Resistance ThreatsCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Escalating Antibiotic Resistance Threats

70 papers

11.1% of this theme group

Papers describe the spread of resistant strains and limited options for new antimicrobial development.

Antibiotic resistance (49) · Antimicrobial (31) · Antibiotics (22) · Drug resistance (8)

An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria

The global threat of antimicrobial resistance: science for intervention

View research history
YearShare index
2022886.3
2023838.0
2024911.9
2025963.5
Insecticide Resistance and Vector ControlCommon problems researchers identify · 07

Insecticide Resistance and Vector Control

60 papers

9.5% of this theme group

Works highlight growing resistance in mosquitoes and pests, complicating integrated management strategies.

Resistance (14) · Insecticide resistance (5) · Vector (5) · Integrated pest management (5)

Insecticide Resistance in Mosquitoes: Impact, Mechanisms, and Research Directions

Innate Immunity in Plants: An Arms Race Between Pattern Recognition Receptors in Plants and Effectors in Microbial Pathogens

View research history
YearShare index
20223.4
20233.1
20244.4
20254.3

Cautions

353 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

DNA Damage and Repair UncertaintiesCautions · 01

DNA Damage and Repair Uncertainties

87 papers

24.6% of this theme group

Authors urge caution interpreting repair mechanisms due to complex mutation and polymerase dynamics.

DNA repair (7) · DNA polymerase (6) · DNA damage (7) · Mutation (9)

Examining the link between chromosomal instability and aneuploidy in human cells

Comparative analysis of microRNA expression in serum and plasma in patients screened for BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations

View research history
YearShare index
2022101.2
2023139.0
202491.9
202579.2
Immune Modulation Risks in TherapiesCautions · 02

Immune Modulation Risks in Therapies

64 papers

18.1% of this theme group

Studies caution about unintended immune effects when targeting antibodies or peripheral blood cells.

Antibody (9) · In vivo (8) · Peripheral blood mononuclear cell (4) · Immune system (5)

Selective B-cell subset depletion underlies increased infection risk in patients with MM treated with anti-BCMA vs anti-GPRC5D bsAbs

T cell responses towards PINK1 and ⍺-synuclein are elevated in prodromal Parkinson's disease - Fluorospot data

View research history
YearShare index
2022543.7
2023602.0
2024448.8
2025441.1
Food Safety and Nanomaterial ConcernsCautions · 03

Food Safety and Nanomaterial Concerns

51 papers

14.4% of this theme group

Research warns of potential health impacts from nanomaterials in raw ingredients and processed foods.

Food safety (6) · Raw material (4) · Health benefits (4) · Sugar (3)

Caffeine (1, 3, 7‐trimethylxanthine) in Foods: A Comprehensive Review on Consumption, Functionality, Safety, and Regulatory Matters

Soybean susceptibility to manufactured nanomaterials with evidence for food quality and soil fertility interruption

View research history
YearShare index
2022122.8
2023120.4
2024118.6
2025154.1
Livestock Nutrition and Emission Trade‑offsCautions · 04

Livestock Nutrition and Emission Trade‑offs

41 papers

11.6% of this theme group

Papers note uncertainties in additive use for cattle performance versus environmental emission outcomes.

Dairy cattle (6) · Production (6) · Nutrient (6) · Beef cattle (5)

Impact of tannin-based additives on animal performance and enteric methane emissions in dairy and beef cattle: A meta-analysis

The effects of injectable trace mineral solutions on beef cattle performance and health during preconditioning and feedlot receiving: a syst

View research history
YearShare index
2022126.8
2023122.4
2024118.5
2025129.2
Genomic Selection Predictive LimitsCautions · 05

Genomic Selection Predictive Limits

38 papers

10.8% of this theme group

Authors highlight challenges in translating genomic predictions into reliable trait improvements.

Gene (10) · Genomic selection (5) · Selection (6) · Trait (4)

Genomic Selection for Crop Improvement

Genomic selection in plant breeding: from theory to practice

View research history
YearShare index
20222367.9
20232351.5
20242081.1
20251566.0
Integrated Pest Management ComplexityCautions · 06

Integrated Pest Management Complexity

37 papers

10.5% of this theme group

Works stress the need for careful evaluation of biological controls and resistance emergence.

PEST analysis (9) · Agriculture (7) · Pest control (3) · Integrated pest management (3)

The use of fungal entomopathogens as endophytes in biological control: a review

Insecticide Control of Vector-Borne Diseases: When Is Insecticide Resistance a Problem?

View research history
YearShare index
20221443.5
20231484.3
20241642.9
20251827.1
Antibiotic Use and Resistance SpilloverCautions · 07

Antibiotic Use and Resistance Spillover

35 papers

9.9% of this theme group

Studies caution that veterinary antibiotic practices can amplify resistance in human‑relevant pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance (12) · Antibiotics (9) · Antimicrobial (6) · Bacteria (5)

Multidrug evolutionary strategies to reverse antibiotic resistance

Impact of Antibiotic Use in Adult Dairy Cows on Antimicrobial Resistance of Veterinary and Human Pathogens: A Comprehensive Review

View research history
YearShare index
2022886.3
2023838.0
2024911.9
2025963.5

Opportunities

3,882 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Probiotic and Postbiotic InnovationsOpportunities · 01

Probiotic and Postbiotic Innovations

759 papers

19.6% of this theme group

Research explores microbial products for health promotion and disease mitigation in food and animal systems.

Antimicrobial (64) · Fermentation (55) · Bacteria (52) · Antibiotic resistance (37)

Probiotics, their health benefits and applications for developing healthier foods: a review

Postbiotics: Multifunctional Microbial Products Transforming Animal Health and Performance

View research history
YearShare index
20222406.7
20232240.7
20242316.1
20251955.8
Gene Regulation and Apoptosis TargetsOpportunities · 02

Gene Regulation and Apoptosis Targets

750 papers

19.3% of this theme group

Papers identify novel gene knockdown and pathway modulation strategies for therapeutic development.

Apoptosis (37) · Downregulation and upregulation (57) · Gene knockdown (46) · Mutant (48)

PCBP1 binding to single-stranded poly-cytosine motifs enhances cGAS sensing and impairs breast cancer development

Modulation of ossification and inflammatory pathways during dexamethasone-induced <i>in vitro</i> osteogenesis

View research history
YearShare index
2022364.0
2023394.7
2024257.4
2025261.8
Cell‑Based Immunotherapy AdvancesOpportunities · 03

Cell‑Based Immunotherapy Advances

513 papers

13.2% of this theme group

Studies focus on engineered T cells and antigen presentation to boost anti‑tumor immunity.

Cell culture (77) · T cell (54) · Antigen (49) · Cell (62)

CS1, a Potential New Therapeutic Antibody Target for the Treatment of Multiple Myeloma

Tumor-Derived Microvesicles Promote Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Induce Apoptosis in Tumor-Reactive Activated CD8+ T Lymphocytes

View research history
YearShare index
2022289.3
2023336.1
2024224.8
2025204.1
Epigenetic Editing for Disease TherapyOpportunities · 04

Epigenetic Editing for Disease Therapy

497 papers

12.8% of this theme group

Works highlight potential of DNA methylation and repair modulation to correct pathogenic gene expression.

DNA repair (65) · DNA damage (68) · DNA methylation (58) · DNA replication (34)

Convergent DNA methylation abnormalities at enhancers and bivalent promoters in human growth disorders

MacroH2A-Mediated Gene Repression through Nucleosome Compaction and Remodeling Inhibition

View research history
YearShare index
2022224.2
2023281.6
2024196.5
2025158.4
Nanotech‑Enabled Molecular ImagingOpportunities · 05

Nanotech‑Enabled Molecular Imaging

472 papers

12.2% of this theme group

Research showcases dual‑probe nanoparticles for real‑time fluorescence and magnetic resonance tracking in vivo.

In vivo (142) · Fluorescence (41) · Molecular imaging (28) · Nanotechnology (33)

Activatable cell penetrating peptides linked to nanoparticles as dual probes for in vivo fluorescence and MR imaging of proteases

Recognition, Neutralization, and Clearance of Target Peptides in the Bloodstream of Living Mice by Molecularly Imprinted Polymer Nanoparticl

View research history
YearShare index
2022480.4
2023520.5
2024397.5
2025406.8
Genomic Resources for Crop ImprovementOpportunities · 06

Genomic Resources for Crop Improvement

453 papers

11.7% of this theme group

Papers present sequencing and germplasm strategies to accelerate trait discovery and breeding pipelines.

Germplasm (37) · Selection (42) · Genetic diversity (28) · Trait (28)

Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing for Plant Breeding and Genetics

Harvesting the Promising Fruits of Genomics: Applying Genome Sequencing Technologies to Crop Breeding

View research history
YearShare index
202256.0
202351.4
202446.1
202553.1
RNA Modification TherapeuticsOpportunities · 07

RNA Modification Therapeutics

438 papers

11.3% of this theme group

Studies investigate mRNA and microRNA editing to regulate transcriptional programs in disease contexts.

Messenger RNA (103) · microRNA (61) · Transcription (65) · RNA polymerase II (34)

m <sup>6</sup> A mRNA methylation facilitates resolution of naïve pluripotency toward differentiation

Microrna-Dependent Regulation of Dna Methyltransferase-1 and Tumor Suppressor Gene Expression by Interleukin-6 in Human Malignant Cholangioc

View research history
YearShare index
2022229.2
2023195.8
2024157.3
2025136.5

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Breakthrough32.6%25.9%
Promising31.0%37.0%
Descriptive17.5%18.0%
Problem-identifying9.1%9.4%
Cautionary5.8%4.7%
Comparative2.8%4.0%
Critical1.3%0.9%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Privacy & surveillanceSARS-CoV-2 wastewater genomic surveillance: approaches, challenges, and opportunities180.3%2 (11.1%)0.21%
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainFate and Transport of Antibiotic Residues and Antibiotic Resistance Genes following Land Application of Manure Waste40.07%1 (25.0%)0.15%
Bias & fairnessNot All Allies Are Welcome: Partner Discrimination in Legume–Rhizobium Symbiosis30.05%1 (33.3%)0.03%
Safety & misusePublic perceptions and information sources on genetically modified organisms in Kenya10.02%1 (100.0%)0.01%
Energy & datacenter footprint00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Concentration of compute power00.0%0 (%)0.0%

Research orientation and citation rankings describe the covered collection. Its recorded publication dates do not support an overall publication-volume trend.

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Life Sciences in San Francisco: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 31 August 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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