Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗
the United States’s
water technology industry,
in focus.
The companies, capital and talent shaping water technology in the United States. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.
MEET THE COMPANIESExplore the United States’s water technology leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Expand panel +
Explore the United States’s water technology leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Company discovery
Recorded evidence onlyRecently founded independent companies
Recently founded means a recorded 2023–2026 founding year and no recorded parent, acquirer or public-company status. These companies are not labelled startups without that separate classification.
Explore classified startups in Radar ↗Water Technology industry KPIs in the United States
A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.
36 of 506 tracked companies have open roles.
178 of 506 tracked companies have a recorded round.
Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.
Midpoint of 322 rounds with a disclosed amount.
Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 38.4% of disclosed capital, while 64.8% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.
Explore the segments →CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATIONHow the United States water technology has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
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How the United States water technology has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
Disclosed funding by year
Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD
View the numbers
| Year | Funding (USD) | Founded | Raising |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $397.11M | 31 | 23 |
| 2017 | $167.54M | 26 | 27 |
| 2018 | $143.28M | 33 | 28 |
| 2019 | $278.22M | 26 | 32 |
| 2020 | $148.09M | 22 | 30 |
| 2021 | $589.35M | 19 | 28 |
| 2022 | $630.2M | 19 | 29 |
| 2023 | $511.95M | 15 | 21 |
| 2024 | $291.43M | 6 | 22 |
| 2025 | $351.93M | 4 | 30 |
Funding concentration
Share of all disclosed company funding.
- Solugen16.8%
- Aclara Technologies11.5%
- Cambrian Innovation10.0%
- Other companies61.6%
Funding by stage
370 recorded rounds since 2016
Investors appearing most often
Recorded participation in water technology company rounds since 2016.
- 01OSTI 24 rounds
- 02National Science Foundation 23 rounds
- 03America’s Seed Fund 10 rounds
- 04United States Department of Agriculture 10 rounds
- 05Techstars 6 rounds
- 06MassChallenge 6 rounds
- 07HG Ventures 5 rounds
- 08Burnt Island 5 rounds
- 09Material Impact 4 rounds
- 010Plug and Play Tech Center 4 rounds
Recent recorded rounds
Latest recorded rounds · USDLargest and notable recorded rounds
Each card is one recorded roundBacked by Baillie Gifford and Temasek and others.
Backed by Centaurus Capital and BoltRock Holdings.
Backed by Pennybacker Capital.
Backed by Kinnevik and Lowercarbon Capital and others.
Backed by Breakthrough Energy and Drawdown Fund and others.
Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.
Backed by Warburg Pincus and SLB.
Backed by Evok Innovations and DCVC and others.
Backed by BlackRock.
Backed by KA Fund Advisors and Kayne Anderson.
THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITYRevenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
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Revenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.
FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 3 reporting entities from 6 eligible matches.
Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United States market sales.
Combined result for the same cohort.
Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.
The middle covered reporting entity.
None of 3 covered entities.
Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.
Annual account trend
Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.
Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.
Profitability has two perspectives
FY2025 · 3 reporting entities
Open the company accounts
Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.
| Company / reporting entity | Revenue | Net profit / loss | Net margin | Revenue growth | Total assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Xylem Water Solutions ↗1524472 | $9,035.0m | $957.0m | +10.6% | — | — |
| Badger Meter ↗9092 | $916.7m | $141.6m | +15.5% | — | — |
| Nauticus Robotics ↗1849820 | $5.3m | $-40.8m | -774.0% | — | — |
Explore full company accounts and filings.
Explore a reporting entity
Choose “View accounts” to inspect an available company preview.
How does water technology compare?
Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.
| Industry | Covered / eligible | Revenue total | Median revenue | Net profit / loss | Aggregate margin | Profitable share | Overlap |
|---|
Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.
Coverage, calculations & financial sources
Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.
The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.
Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.
Web traffic, app reach and release cadence
How the the United States companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.
Most-installed apps
35 of these companies (6.9%) publish at least one Android app — 56 apps in all, carrying 362.4K installs between them.
| App | Installs | Rating | Store category |
|---|---|---|---|
| Flo by Moen™Flo Technologies | 122.4K | 1.6 | Lifestyle |
| FlumeFlume | 63.7K | 4.5 | House & Home |
| iQuaiQua | 56.6K | 4.7 | House & Home |
| PhynPhyn | 22.9K | 3.8 | House & Home |
| StreamLabsStreamLabs | 11.6K | 3.4 | House & Home |
| Neptune 360 MobileNeptune Technology Group | 11K | 2.8 | Business |
| My Water Advisor 2.0Master Meter | 10.7K | 1.9 | Productivity |
| DropcountrDropcountr | 9.9K | 2.7 | House & Home |
| FloLogicFloLogic | 7.2K | 3 | House & Home |
| NGONeptune Technology Group | 6.9K | 2.8 | Business |
Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.
App reach by segment
The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q3–2026Q2).
| Segment | Apps | Installs | Leading app | Release trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water And Wastewater Management Tech | 56 | 362.4K | Flo by Moen™ 122.4K | |
| Smart Homes | 15 | 223.4K | iQua 56.6K | |
| Property Management Tech | 7 | 159.8K | Phyn 22.9K | |
| Facility Management Tech | 5 | 135.3K | StreamLabs 11.6K | |
| Smart Cities | 11 | 16K | AyyekaGo 1.2K | |
| Iot Applications | 4 | 3.5K | WaterScope 2.0 3.1K | |
| Internet Of Things Infrastructure | 3 | 1.2K | Likk H2O 26 |
A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.
Release cadence by quarter
New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.
Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 50 of 56 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.
INSIDE THE INDUSTRYThe the United States water technology market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Expand panel +
The the United States water technology market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Where companies are building
Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.
Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.
Enterprise tech
The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.
32 companies hiring · $3.73B disclosed funding
Explore in RadarHow companies make money
Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.
THE COMPANIES IN MOTIONWho is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
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Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Badger Meter, Inc. (NYSE: BMI) has agreed to acquire United Kingdom-based UDlive for $100 million plus contingent consideration
Fulcrum has acquired Wildnote to expand its capabilities in environmental compliance and deepen its vertical expertise across regulated industries.
Earthwise Minerals Corp. (CSE:WISE)(FSE:966) ("Earthwise" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that it has completed its non-brokered private placement financing (the "Offering") announced January 30, 2026.
Olea has secured $30 million in Series A funding as it looks to expand its technology capabilities and deepen its presence across key global trade corridors.
Gradiant, a global leader in advanced water and wastewater solutions, today announced the closing of a $50 million corporate facility with HSBC, bringing its total credit to over $100 million.
Nauticus Robotics Inc. (NASDAQ: KITT) announced that it has secured a $250 million equity line of credit facility to finance a strategic expansion into deep‑sea rare earth and critical mineral exploration.
Membrion announced the completion of its $20 million Series B1 funding round, anchored by Pangaea Ventures, PureTerra Ventures, Ecolab Inc., and W. L. Gore & Associates.
Claros Technologies, Inc. ("Claros"), today announced it has secured $10 million in convertible note financing to accelerate the commercial deployment of its ClarosTechUV™ PFAS Destruction System.
Our most recent acquisition was unique for Bradford White. FloLogic is a North Carolina-based manufacturer of premium plumbing leak detection and automatic shut-off solutions for homes and commercial buildings.
American water technology specialist Xylem completed the acquisition of its long-standing Swiss distributor Heusser Water Solutions.
Full recorded event mix
Top 10 categories among 235 recorded events in the 24-month window.
Leadership moves
28 tracked people moves
Appointment Board Member
Appointment President and Chief Executive Officer
Appointment Board Member
Appointment Vice President of Software
Appointment Vice President of Growth & Go-To-Market
Appointment Chief Software Architect & Principal Software Engineer
Appointment Vice President - Controller
Promotion Executive Vice President - SaaS, Global Commercial and International Utility
Contract wins
10 recorded customer wins
Customer: offshore energy
Customer: major offshore energy companyoffshore energy
Customer: fulcrum metalsMining
Customer: acwa power
Customer: offshore wind industryoffshore wind
Customer: leading marine transportation companyoil and gas
Workforce actions
1 companies with reported reductions
15.0% rolesgovernment downsizing
Regulatory events
5 recorded events
approved as associate memberAmerican Chemistry Council
regulatory approvals satisfied
Developing regulatory frameworkSEC
referral of evidence to SEC OIGSEC Office of Inspector General
Litigation
43 tracked suits
Shareholder proposal regulationRegulatory ·
shareholder rights and corporate accountabilityRegulatory · Filed
Earnings pulse
Reported company results in the recorded window.
Median across 34 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.
Mergers and acquisitions
Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.
| Acquirer → target | Status | Date | Value / context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Badger Meter→udlive | Announced | 2026-04-22 | $100.0M |
| fulcrum→Wildnote ↗ | Announced | 2026-02-17 | Not stated in snapshot |
| benjamin edwards→Badger Meter ↗ | Announced | 2026-01-15 | $549.0K |
| bradford white→FloLogic ↗ | Completed | 2025-04-11 | Not stated in snapshot |
| raymond james→Badger Meter ↗ | Announced | 2025-03-17 | $20.6M |
| charles schwab investment management→Badger Meter ↗ | Announced | 2025-03-17 | $74.3M |
A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.
PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITYThe talent market
948 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 1,400-posting snapshot covers 58 employers.
Expand panel +
The talent market
948 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 1,400-posting snapshot covers 58 employers.
Most advertised job titles
77 tracked postings mention remote work.
The seniority mix
457 postings specify a level.
Skills employers mention
Top skills across 1,400 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.
Median across 83 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.
Companies hiring
Large employers
| Company | Employees |
|---|---|
| Xylem Water Solutions ↗ | 5,197 |
| Badger Meter ↗ | 2,140 |
| Gradiant ↗ | 900 |
| ResinTech ↗ | 335 |
| Energy Recovery ↗ | 246 |
| Tomorrow Water ↗ | 136 |
| Mueller Systems ↗ | 117 |
| Solugen ↗ | 99 |
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELDFounders and leaders
328 founders and chief executives across 237 companies.
Expand panel +
Founders and leaders
328 founders and chief executives across 237 companies.
Sean Hunt
Solugen ↗University of Delaware BS 2011, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MS 2013, PhD 2016
Matthew Silver
Cambrian Innovation ↗EX- Canadian Space Agency. MIT PhD 2010
Anurag Bajpayee
Gradiant ↗University of Missouri BS 2006, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MS 2008, PhD 2012
Shikha Kapur
SOURCE ↗Ex-Founder The Sourrce, Co-Founder Andaz, . Lady Shri Ram College For Women Honors, Philosophy 1998
Jeffrey Gottlieb
ResinTech ↗CEO ACM Technologies, Aries FilterWorks, VMX Technologies. George Washington University 1988
Christopher Drover
ZwitterCo ↗Ex-Oasys Water, Doble Engineering Company. Ohio Wesleyan University, Tufts University
Bruce Scholten
Moleaer ↗SCPI, Socal Water Treatment, ex- Filtronics, HF Group. California State University BS 2001, University of Southern California MBA 2003
Nicolaus Radford
Nauticus Robotics ↗Founder Jacobi Motors, Rad Capital Ventures, NASA. Purdue University BS 2000 & MS 2012
Greg Newbloom
Membrion ↗Membrion, ex-University Of Washington, ex-Olympic College, University of Washington, 2014
Abdennour Abbas
Claros Technologies ↗Founder & Chairman - North African Academy of AI & Robotics.
Meena Sankaran
Ketos Water ↗Ex-Founder PRERNA2INSPIRE. University of Mumbai BE 2002, UTA MS 2004
David Stuckenberg
Genesis Systems ↗Ex-United States Air Force. King's College London PhD 2020, USAF Air Command and Staff College 2022
Education networks
63 profiles with education records.
Prior employers
7 profiles with prior-work records.
Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.
NEWS INTELLIGENCEHow this industry appears in the news
4,044,660 articles in the measured 12-month window.
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How this industry appears in the news
4,044,660 articles in the measured 12-month window.
News volume trends
Water Technology coverage across United States · articles per complete quarter
View quarterly article counts
| Quarter | Articles |
|---|---|
| 2021Q2 | 840,142 |
| 2021Q3 | 917,355 |
| 2021Q4 | 841,932 |
| 2022Q1 | 929,063 |
| 2022Q2 | 919,045 |
| 2022Q3 | 911,308 |
| 2022Q4 | 1,005,312 |
| 2023Q1 | 1,055,749 |
| 2023Q2 | 1,063,256 |
| 2023Q3 | 984,907 |
| 2023Q4 | 951,511 |
| 2024Q1 | 1,033,316 |
| 2024Q2 | 983,335 |
| 2024Q3 | 1,026,725 |
| 2024Q4 | 1,086,354 |
| 2025Q1 | 1,585,045 |
| 2025Q2 | 1,060,425 |
| 2025Q3 | 1,955,900 |
| 2025Q4 | 734,655 |
| 2026Q1 | 891,157 |
| 2026Q2 | 462,948 |
Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.
Tone of coverage over time
Most-covered companies
Company share of voice
262 recorded company events across 28 companies; percentages use that event total.
Leading coverage topics
Water Technology coverage across United States · ranked by full-period article count.
Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.
Topics gaining and losing attention
Water Technology coverage across United States
| Keyword | Recent | Prior | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| stablecoin fx impact | 10,483 | 7,410 | 41% |
| investment deal | 9,977 | 3,270 | 205% |
| vaccine candidates | 6,504 | 2,400 | 171% |
| private equity | 6,085 | 1,536 | 296% |
| scandal disclosures | 5,686 | 3,845 | 48% |
| vaccination campaigns | 5,627 | 1,804 | 212% |
| vaccine trials | 5,588 | 2,282 | 145% |
| share price | 5,289 | 2,754 | 92% |
| oil price volatility | 4,824 | 2,892 | 67% |
| etf trading | 4,711 | 2,872 | 64% |
| tariff negotiations | 14,922 | 26,223 | -43% |
| college playoffs | 10,187 | 24,870 | -59% |
| flood stage forecasting | 1,785 | 15,411 | -88% |
| ncaa updates | 6,614 | 13,397 | -51% |
| college football finals | 5,670 | 12,801 | -56% |
Event and signal lenses
Water Technology coverage across United States
Regulatory Risk
3,487,499 classified articlesdisputed islands, territories, vaccine candidates
44.3% critical · 28.4% positiveFunding Momentum
801,314 classified articlesinvestment deal, inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies
40.0% critical · 45.5% positiveGrowth
978,023 classified articlesnba expansion teams, earnings report, nba team legends
37.0% critical · 44.9% positiveWater Technology coverage across United States. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.
RESEARCH SIGNALSWhat Water Technology research is working on
3,356 papers in the recorded india scope.
Expand panel +
What Water Technology research is working on
3,356 papers in the recorded india scope.
Research orientation
Contribution mix
Tone counts: 2,905 positive · 159 neutral · 292 negative.
- Water treatment150 papers
- Water quality84 papers
- Contamination41 papers
- Wastewater39 papers
- Water supply35 papers
- Sewage treatment30 papers
- Environmental chemistry30 papers
- Reuse20 papers
Landmark: Challenges and Opportunities for Electrochemical Processes as Next-Generation Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Water
- Water treatment126 papers
- Water quality81 papers
- Chlorine60 papers
- Environmental chemistry41 papers
- Effluent38 papers
- Filtration38 papers
- Turbidity37 papers
- Contamination31 papers
Landmark: Effect of Halide Ions and Carbonates on Organic Contaminant Degradation by Hydroxyl Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Saline Wat
- Water treatment546 papers
- Adsorption312 papers
- Wastewater212 papers
- Membrane175 papers
- Water quality171 papers
- Filtration169 papers
- Environmental chemistry144 papers
- Effluent131 papers
Landmark: Nanotechnology for a Safe and Sustainable Water Supply: Enabling Integrated Water Treatment and Reuse
Leading institutions
Leading researchers
Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers
- Simultaneous nanocatalytic surface activation of pollutants and oxidants for highly efficient water decontamination481 citations
- Rapid, Selective Heavy Metal Removal from Water by a Metal–Organic Framework/Polydopamine Composite428 citations
- Ion-capture electrodialysis using multifunctional adsorptive membranes313 citations
- Membrane-Confined Iron Oxychloride Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton Water Treatment295 citations
- Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of <i>Opuntia</i> spp. as a Natural Coagulant for Potential Application in Water Treatment290 citations
Common problems researchers identify
321 papers · 7 recurring themes
Common problems researchers identify · 01Contaminated Water Treatment Challenges
101 papers31.5% of this theme group
Researchers highlight difficulties in treating sewage and wastewater pollutants with current treatment technologies.
Sewage treatment (27) · Water treatment (57) · Wastewater (25) · Pollutant (13)
Challenges and Opportunities for Electrochemical Processes as Next-Generation Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Water
Biofiltration for treatment of recent emerging contaminants in water: Current and future perspectives
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 760.9 |
| 2023 | 757.8 |
| 2024 | 742.7 |
| 2025 | 881.1 |
Common problems researchers identify · 02Drinking Water Quality Concerns
72 papers22.4% of this theme group
Studies point to persistent contamination issues in supplied and bottled drinking water.
Water quality (46) · Water supply (20) · Bottled water (8) · Contamination (16)
Dissemination of Drinking Water Contamination Data to Consumers: A Systematic Review of Impact on Consumer Behaviors
Potable Water in the United States, Contaminants and Treatment: A Review
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 907.2 |
| 2023 | 895.2 |
| 2024 | 907.0 |
| 2025 | 1108.7 |
Common problems researchers identify · 03Reuse and Post‑Treatment Barriers
43 papers13.4% of this theme group
Authors discuss obstacles to water reuse, especially after desalination and advanced purification processes.
Water treatment (30) · Water quality (20) · Reuse (8) · Produced water (5)
Plasma-based water purification: Challenges and prospects for the future
Guidance and recommendations for posttreatment of desalinated water
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1011.1 |
| 2023 | 1007.1 |
| 2024 | 1015.6 |
| 2025 | 1226.7 |
Common problems researchers identify · 04Membrane‑Based Reuse Limitations
30 papers9.3% of this theme group
Works examine constraints of reverse‑osmosis and adsorption membranes for safe potable water reuse.
Reverse osmosis (8) · Adsorption (6) · Reuse (7) · Arsenic (3)
Potable Water Reuse through Advanced Membrane Technology
A Tale of Two Treatments: The Multiple Barrier Approach to Removing Chemical Contaminants During Potable Water Reuse
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1604.7 |
| 2023 | 1595.2 |
| 2024 | 1386.2 |
| 2025 | 1506.0 |
Common problems researchers identify · 05Disinfection By‑Product Risks
30 papers9.3% of this theme group
Research flags health and environmental issues arising from haloacetic acids and other disinfection by‑products.
Water disinfection (9) · Haloacetic acids (8) · Disinfectant (6) · Environmental chemistry (9)
Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) and Human Health Effects: Multidisciplinary Challenges and Opportunities
Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Product Formation, Occurrence, Control, Health Effects, and Regulations
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 20.9 |
| 2023 | 18.7 |
| 2024 | 15.6 |
| 2025 | 20.5 |
Common problems researchers identify · 06Membrane Fouling and Performance
26 papers8.1% of this theme group
Papers identify fouling as a major factor reducing efficiency of nanofiltration and other membrane systems.
Membrane (15) · Membrane fouling (4) · Fouling (5) · Nanofiltration (4)
Water purification by membranes: The role of polymer science
Tailored design of nanofiltration membranes for water treatment based on synthesis–property–performance relationships
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1039.5 |
| 2023 | 992.4 |
| 2024 | 999.5 |
| 2025 | 1010.1 |
Common problems researchers identify · 07PFAS Presence and Treatment Gaps
19 papers5.9% of this theme group
Studies reveal widespread PFAS contamination and limited removal options in water treatment streams.
Water treatment (14) · Perfluorooctanoic acid (3) · Ion exchange (2) · Biosolids (2)
Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in source water and their treatment in drinking water
Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 219.4 |
| 2023 | 217.9 |
| 2024 | 223.3 |
| 2025 | 279.9 |
Cautions
411 papers · 7 recurring themes
Cautions · 01Supply‑Water Quality Impacts
115 papers28.0% of this theme group
Authors caution that changing source water quality can undermine distribution system performance and health outcomes.
Water quality (47) · Water treatment (65) · Water supply (15) · Environmental health (12)
Potential impacts of changing supply-water quality on drinking water distribution: A review
Assessing the Consistency and Microbiological Effectiveness of Household Water Treatment Practices by Urban and Rural Populations Claiming t
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1022.8 |
| 2023 | 1011.1 |
| 2024 | 1034.5 |
| 2025 | 1272.6 |
Cautions · 02Halogenated By‑Product Formation
63 papers15.3% of this theme group
Research warns about toxic by‑products generated during chlorine or chloramine disinfection under varying conditions.
Haloacetic acids (23) · Trihalomethane (21) · Chlorine (25) · Chloramine (13)
Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: A review
Comparative Analysis of Halonitromethane and Trihalomethane Formation and Speciation in Drinking Water: The Effects of Disinfectants, pH, Br
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 71.2 |
| 2023 | 75.7 |
| 2024 | 65.2 |
| 2025 | 75.2 |
Cautions · 03Filtration Effectiveness Variability
58 papers14.1% of this theme group
Works highlight inconsistencies in filter performance, especially regarding turbidity and industrial water inputs.
Filter (15) · Filtration (22) · Turbidity (20) · Pulp and paper industry (8)
The effects of input materials on ceramic water filter efficacy for household drinking water treatment
Carbon Benefits of Drinking Water Treatment Electrification
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 121.3 |
| 2023 | 119.4 |
| 2024 | 80.5 |
| 2025 | 104.7 |
Cautions · 04Microbial Contamination Risks
49 papers11.9% of this theme group
Studies emphasize challenges in controlling fecal bacteria, biofilms, and antibiotic resistance in drinking water.
Escherichia coli (7) · Indicator bacteria (6) · Fecal coliform (8) · Biofilm (6)
Modeling Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water due to Multiple Water Source Use
Interplay of Biologically Active Carbon Filtration and Chlorine-Based Disinfection in Mitigating the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 95.0 |
| 2023 | 84.8 |
| 2024 | 74.6 |
| 2025 | 86.8 |
Cautions · 05Trace Metal Removal Uncertainties
45 papers10.9% of this theme group
Authors note difficulties in reliably extracting chromium and other trace metals using emerging de‑ionization methods.
Chromium (6) · Hexavalent chromium (4) · Capacitive deionization (3) · Adsorption (6)
Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation
Application of Magnesium Oxide Media for Remineralization and Removal of Divalent Metals in Drinking Water Treatment: A Review
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 70.8 |
| 2023 | 66.6 |
| 2024 | 54.9 |
| 2025 | 55.9 |
Cautions · 06Organic Carbon and Adsorption Limits
41 papers10.0% of this theme group
Research points to challenges in treating dissolved organic carbon and achieving consistent activated‑carbon adsorption.
Adsorption (13) · Dissolved organic carbon (11) · Environmental chemistry (13) · Activated carbon (7)
Integrated Chemical and Toxicological Investigation of UV-Chlorine/Chloramine Drinking Water Treatment
UV-based advanced oxidation of dissolved organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate from a potable water reuse facility: A Parallel-Facto
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 3117.2 |
| 2023 | 3095.3 |
| 2024 | 2910.2 |
| 2025 | 2596.7 |
Cautions · 07Reverse Osmosis Fouling Concerns
40 papers9.7% of this theme group
Papers caution that membrane fouling remains a key barrier to cost‑effective reverse‑osmosis applications.
Reverse osmosis (18) · Membrane (13) · Fouling (10) · Membrane fouling (8)
Assessing Advances in Anti-fouling Membranes to Improve Process Economics and Sustainability of Water Treatment
Is Reverse Osmosis Effective for Produced Water Purification: Viability and Economic Analysis
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1050.8 |
| 2023 | 1002.2 |
| 2024 | 1009.5 |
| 2025 | 1028.9 |
Opportunities
1,902 papers · 7 recurring themes
Opportunities · 01Integrated Wastewater Reuse Solutions
399 papers21.0% of this theme group
Opportunities focus on turning treated municipal and industrial wastewater into valuable resources for cooling and reuse.
Sewage treatment (69) · Water treatment (170) · Wastewater (93) · Waste management (43)
Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment versus Expanded Chemical Regimen for Reci
Advanced Technologies for Produced Water Treatment
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 760.9 |
| 2023 | 757.8 |
| 2024 | 742.7 |
| 2025 | 881.1 |
Opportunities · 02Advanced Disinfection Technologies
315 papers16.6% of this theme group
Research highlights promising electrochemical and point‑of‑use methods for safe, reliable water disinfection.
Water treatment (158) · Water quality (71) · Water disinfection (31) · Chlorine (52)
Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in t
Electrochemical Disinfection in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Identifying Impacts of Water Quality and Operating Conditions on Performance
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 907.9 |
| 2023 | 892.9 |
| 2024 | 925.4 |
| 2025 | 1144.3 |
Opportunities · 03Next‑Generation Adsorbents
300 papers15.8% of this theme group
Studies explore functionalized activated carbons and novel sorbents for high‑efficiency contaminant removal.
Adsorption (228) · Sorption (35) · Freundlich equation (23) · Activated carbon (42)
Toward Realizing Multifunctionality: Photoactive and Selective Adsorbents for the Removal of Inorganics in Water Treatment
Enhanced Adsorption of Mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water by Chemically Modified Activated Carbon
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1457.6 |
| 2023 | 1436.9 |
| 2024 | 1255.3 |
| 2025 | 1383.1 |
Opportunities · 04Combined Oxidation Processes
288 papers15.1% of this theme group
Works present synergistic ozone, UV, and chlorine treatments to break down persistent organic pollutants.
Environmental chemistry (85) · Dissolved organic carbon (36) · Ozone (40) · Chlorine (49)
Organic Contaminant Abatement in Reclaimed Water by UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and a Combined Process Consisting of O<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2
Trace Organic Pollutant Removal by VUV/UV/chlorine Process: Feasibility Investigation for Drinking Water Treatment on a Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1831.7 |
| 2023 | 1820.7 |
| 2024 | 1823.7 |
| 2025 | 1352.7 |
Opportunities · 05Sustainable Membrane Innovations
240 papers12.6% of this theme group
Research promotes nanomaterial‑enhanced membranes and fouling‑resistant designs for desalination and wastewater treatment.
Membrane (147) · Desalination (74) · Nanofiltration (41) · Fouling (47)
Advancements in Sustainable Membrane Technologies for Enhanced Remediation and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review
Novel nanomaterials for water desalination technology
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1068.4 |
| 2023 | 1020.0 |
| 2024 | 1035.7 |
| 2025 | 1055.1 |
Opportunities · 06Enhanced Coagulation Techniques
195 papers10.3% of this theme group
Papers identify electrocoagulation and bio‑based coagulants as effective routes to improve turbidity and microbial removal.
Coagulation (46) · Flocculation (42) · Turbidity (50) · Electrocoagulation (18)
Chitosan Coagulation to Improve Microbial and Turbidity Removal by Ceramic Water Filtration for Household Drinking Water Treatment
Treating hydraulic fracturing produced water by electrocoagulation
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 258.6 |
| 2023 | 244.0 |
| 2024 | 195.9 |
| 2025 | 229.9 |
Opportunities · 07Photocatalytic Water Purification
165 papers8.7% of this theme group
Studies demonstrate high‑performance photocatalysts for rapid degradation of organic contaminants under light activation.
Photocatalysis (84) · Degradation (42) · Catalysis (27) · Photodegradation (11)
Combination of Photothermal Conversion and Photocatalysis toward Water Purification
Some Strategies in Designing Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1278.8 |
| 2023 | 1296.2 |
| 2024 | 1235.7 |
| 2025 | 1210.7 |
How this field compares with the research baseline
Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.
| Research orientation | This field | Reference sample |
|---|---|---|
| Promising | 44.9% | 37.2% |
| Breakthrough | 15.4% | 26.1% |
| Cautionary | 12.8% | 4.7% |
| Descriptive | 11.3% | 17.5% |
| Problem-identifying | 9.4% | 9.7% |
| Comparative | 5.5% | 4.0% |
| Critical | 0.8% | 0.8% |
Concerns receiving less research attention
Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.
| Concern / example paper | Papers | Share | Raised as a problem | Worldwide share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hardware, e-waste & supply chainRemoval efficiency of pharmaceuticals during the wastewater treatment process: Emission and environmental risk assessmen | 31 | 0.98% | 3 (9.7%) | 1.41% |
| Energy & datacenter footprint | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Water use | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Carbon & emissions of compute | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Labour & data work | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Privacy & surveillance | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.03% |
| Safety & misuse | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Bias & fairness | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
| Concentration of compute power | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.01% |
Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.
GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINTWhere companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.
Expand panel +
Where companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

Houston
15 companies19.5% across the displayed hubs
1 companies hiring · $670.6M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Houston ↗San Francisco
13 companies16.9% across the displayed hubs
1 companies hiring · $73.4M disclosed funding
Explore companies in San Francisco ↗New York City
11 companies14.3% across the displayed hubs
2 companies hiring · $2.6M disclosed funding
Explore companies in New York City ↗
Austin
11 companies14.3% across the displayed hubs
1 companies hiring · $85.8M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Austin ↗San Diego
7 companies9.1% across the displayed hubs
0 companies hiring · $4.5M disclosed funding
Explore companies in San Diego ↗
Atlanta
7 companies9.1% across the displayed hubs
0 companies hiring · $7.7M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Atlanta ↗Los Angeles
7 companies9.1% across the displayed hubs
0 companies hiring · $118.3M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Los Angeles ↗
Miami
6 companies7.8% across the displayed hubs
0 companies hiring · $10.2M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Miami ↗Water Technology in the United States: key questions
Clear definitions for making better comparisons.
What does this landscape measure?
It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.
Can segment counts be added together?
No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.
What does a missing figure mean?
A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.
Company ecosystem snapshot: 2 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.
Canonical landscape ↗