Industry landscapes
Industry report

Funding and advertised pay are reported in USD; filed accounts retain their stated source currency and basis.

Exchange-rate basis

Indicative conversions use ECB reference rates dated 2026-09-14, applied consistently across all periods. They are not historical exchange rates. Indian rupees may use crore (1 crore = 10 million); other currencies use K, M and B. CSV downloads, source documents and quoted news headlines retain their original currencies.

THE THE UNITED STATES EDITION 2026

the United States’s
water technology industry,
in focus.

The companies, capital and talent shaping water technology in the United States. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

Snapshot: Funding in USD
Illustrated cover for Water Technology Industry Landscape of the United States
US
COMPANIES · CAPITAL · TALENT

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.

Water Technology illustration
MEET THE COMPANIES

Explore the United States’s water technology leaders

24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.

Expand panel +
Water Technology company highlights in the United States, snapshot 2 September 2026
Company
Solugensolugen.com$656.06M—99—
Aclara Technologiesaclara.com$450M—1,700—
Cambrian Innovationcambrianinnovation.com$391.99M—23—
Gradiantgradiant.com$379.83M—900Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
SOURCEsource.co$361.26M—109—
ResinTechresintech.com$116.7M—335—
NanoH2Onanoh2o.com$110.82M—120—
ZwitterCozwitterco.com$101.75M—57—
Culliganculliganla.com—10 roles——
Water Technologiesdeconwtrtech.com—10 roles——
Badger Meterbadgermeter.com—9 roles2,140$916.66MFYFY2025 filing
Streamline Innovationsstreamlineinnovations.com—8 roles61—
Xylem Water Solutionsxylem.com—8 roles5,197$9.04BFYFY2025 filing
K2 Pure Solutionsk2pure.com—6 roles56—
Master Metermastermeter.com—6 roles118—
Vital-Lyfevital-lyfe.com—6 roles——
374Water374water.com——23Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
4Ocean4ocean.com——79—
Earthwise Environmentalearthwiseenvironmental.com————
Energy Recoveryenergyrecovery.com——246Financial figure available in RadarView in Radar
Genesis Systemsgenesissystems.com——6—
LifeStrawlifestraw.com——60—
Metronmetronfarnier.com——67—
Mueller Systemsmuellersystems.com——117—
24 featured companies

Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗

Company discovery

Recorded evidence only
THE KEY SIGNALS

Water Technology industry KPIs in the United States

A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.

2 September 2026
Hiring participation7.1%

36 of 506 tracked companies have open roles.

Funding participation35.2%

178 of 506 tracked companies have a recorded round.

Top 3 funding share38.4%

Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.

Median disclosed round$1.39M

Midpoint of 322 rounds with a disclosed amount.

Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 38.4% of disclosed capital, while 64.8% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.

Explore the segments →
CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATION

How the United States water technology has grown

Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.

Expand panel +
2016 — 2025

Disclosed funding by year

Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD

the United States water technology
$0$179.61M$359.21M$538.82M$718.43M2016: $397.11M20162017: $167.54M20172018: $143.28M20182019: $278.22M20192020: $148.09M20202021: $589.35M20212022: $630.2M20222023: $511.95M20232024: $291.43M20242025: $351.93M2025
View the numbers
Annual water technology funding and company formation in the United States
YearFunding (USD)FoundedRaising
2016$397.11M3123
2017$167.54M2627
2018$143.28M3328
2019$278.22M2632
2020$148.09M2230
2021$589.35M1928
2022$630.2M1929
2023$511.95M1521
2024$291.43M622
2025$351.93M430
WHERE CAPITAL SITS

Funding concentration

Share of all disclosed company funding.

  • Solugen16.8%
  • Aclara Technologies11.5%
  • Cambrian Innovation10.0%
  • Other companies61.6%

Funding by stage

370 recorded rounds since 2016

NUMBER OF ROUNDS
Seed & Angel116 31.4%
Series A–B113 30.5%
Series C+ / PE19 5.1%
Grants, debt & other122 33.0%

Recent recorded rounds

Latest recorded rounds · USD
2 rounds

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series E05/2026
Gradiant —

Backed by Hostplus and Clearvison Ventures and others.

Largest and notable recorded rounds

Each card is one recorded round
10 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Series D07/2022
SOURCEsource.co$130M

Backed by Breakthrough Energy and Drawdown Fund and others.

Series D04/2022
SOURCEsource.co$108.94M

Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.

THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITY

Revenue, profitability & financial strength

Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.

Expand panel +
USD · millions · consolidated

Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.

FY2025 · company accounts; aggregate reporting threshold not met · 3 reporting entities from 6 eligible matches.

Revenue in covered accounts—

Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United States market sales.

Net profit / loss—

Combined result for the same cohort.

Aggregate net margin—

Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.

Median company revenue—

The middle covered reporting entity.

Profitable entities—

None of 3 covered entities.

Top-five concentration—

Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.

Annual account trend

Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.

Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.

Profitability has two perspectives

FY2025 · 3 reporting entities

Open the company accounts

Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.

3 reporting entities
Continue your financial research in Radar

Explore full company accounts and filings.

View financials in Radar ↗
THE UNITED STATES · INDUSTRY COHORTS

How does water technology compare?

Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.

IndustryCovered / eligibleRevenue totalMedian revenueNet profit / lossAggregate marginProfitable shareOverlap

Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.

Coverage, calculations & financial sources

Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.

The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.

Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.

DIGITAL FOOTPRINT

Web traffic, app reach and release cadence

How the the United States companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.

Most-installed apps

35 of these companies (6.9%) publish at least one Android app — 56 apps in all, carrying 362.4K installs between them.

AppInstallsRatingStore category
Flo by Moen™Flo Technologies122.4K1.6Lifestyle
FlumeFlume63.7K4.5House & Home
iQuaiQua56.6K4.7House & Home
PhynPhyn22.9K3.8House & Home
StreamLabsStreamLabs11.6K3.4House & Home
Neptune 360 MobileNeptune Technology Group11K2.8Business
My Water Advisor 2.0Master Meter10.7K1.9Productivity
DropcountrDropcountr9.9K2.7House & Home
FloLogicFloLogic7.2K3House & Home
NGONeptune Technology Group6.9K2.8Business

Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.

App reach by segment

The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2023Q3–2026Q2).

SegmentAppsInstallsLeading appRelease trend
Water And Wastewater Management Tech56362.4KFlo by Moen™ 122.4K
Smart Homes15223.4KiQua 56.6K
Property Management Tech7159.8KPhyn 22.9K
Facility Management Tech5135.3KStreamLabs 11.6K
Smart Cities1116KAyyekaGo 1.2K
Iot Applications43.5KWaterScope 2.0 3.1K
Internet Of Things Infrastructure31.2KLikk H2O 26

A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.

Release cadence by quarter

New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.

2023Q2: 22023Q2: 12023Q22023Q3: 32023Q3: 22023Q32024Q1: 12024Q1: 02024Q12024Q2: 32024Q2: 02024Q22024Q3: 12024Q3: 22024Q32024Q4: 32024Q4: 22024Q42025Q1: 12025Q1: 22025Q12025Q3: 12025Q3: 12025Q32025Q4: 22025Q4: 12025Q42026Q1: 32026Q1: 182026Q1

Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 50 of 56 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.

INSIDE THE INDUSTRY

The the United States water technology market map

Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.

Expand panel +

Where companies are building

Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.

Enterprise tech376
Circular economy321
Consumer digital115
Enterprise software73
Deep tech49
Saas45
Smart home pipeline monitoring29
Consumer internet of things28
Water desalination tech19
Masschallenge batches11
Plug and play tech center batches10
Techstars portfolio8

Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.

SEGMENT TO EXPLORE

Enterprise tech

The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.

376companies
8.5%have hiring activity

32 companies hiring · $3.73B disclosed funding

Explore in Radar

How companies make money

Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.

Physical commerce223
Subscription152
Fee-for-service112
E-commerce - product97
Commission on transaction23
Advertising7
Licensing5
E-commerce - service4
THE COMPANIES IN MOTION

Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work

Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.

Expand panel +
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Mergers & acquisitionsbadgermeter.com ↗

Badger Meter, Inc. (NYSE: BMI) has agreed to acquire United Kingdom-based UDlive for $100 million plus contingent consideration

Mergers & acquisitionswildnoteapp.com ↗

Fulcrum has acquired Wildnote to expand its capabilities in environmental compliance and deepen its vertical expertise across regulated industries.

Funding roundsearthwiseenvironmental.com ↗

Earthwise Minerals Corp. (CSE:WISE)(FSE:966) ("Earthwise" or the "Company") is pleased to announce that it has completed its non-brokered private placement financing (the "Offering") announced January 30, 2026.

Funding roundsoleaedge.com ↗

Olea has secured $30 million in Series A funding as it looks to expand its technology capabilities and deepen its presence across key global trade corridors.

Funding roundsgradiant.com ↗

Gradiant, a global leader in advanced water and wastewater solutions, today announced the closing of a $50 million corporate facility with HSBC, bringing its total credit to over $100 million.

Funding roundsnauticusrobotics.com ↗

Nauticus Robotics Inc. (NASDAQ: KITT) announced that it has secured a $250 million equity line of credit facility to finance a strategic expansion into deep‑sea rare earth and critical mineral exploration.

Funding roundsmembrion.com ↗

Membrion announced the completion of its $20 million Series B1 funding round, anchored by Pangaea Ventures, PureTerra Ventures, Ecolab Inc., and W. L. Gore & Associates.

Funding roundsclarostechnologies.com ↗

Claros Technologies, Inc. ("Claros"), today announced it has secured $10 million in convertible note financing to accelerate the commercial deployment of its ClarosTechUV™ PFAS Destruction System.

Mergers & acquisitionsflologic.com ↗

Our most recent acquisition was unique for Bradford White. FloLogic is a North Carolina-based manufacturer of premium plumbing leak detection and automatic shut-off solutions for homes and commercial buildings.

Mergers & acquisitionsxylem.com ↗

American water technology specialist Xylem completed the acquisition of its long-standing Swiss distributor Heusser Water Solutions.

Full recorded event mix

Top 10 categories among 235 recorded events in the 24-month window.

Earnings
60
Lawsuit
41
Leadership moves
40
Funding rounds
32
Mergers & acquisitions
22
Contracts
10
Buyback
8
Asset acquisitions
6
Company announcements
5
Capital infusions
4
5 activity cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Leadership moves

28 tracked people moves

374Water ↗
Richard "Rick" Davis

Appointment Board Member

374Water ↗
Daniel (Danny) Bogar

Appointment President and Chief Executive Officer

374Water ↗
Stephen McKnight

Appointment Board Member

Dr. Kjerstin “Kj” Easton

Appointment Vice President of Software

Jason Close

Appointment Vice President of Growth & Go-To-Market

Chuck Claunch

Appointment Chief Software Architect & Principal Software Engineer

Christina M. Tarantino

Appointment Vice President - Controller

Matthew L. Stuyvenberg

Promotion Executive Vice President - SaaS, Global Commercial and International Utility

Litigation

43 tracked suits

Company
as you sow v sec

Shareholder proposal regulationRegulatory ·

Company
investor advocacy groups v sec

shareholder rights and corporate accountabilityRegulatory · Filed

Earnings pulse

Reported company results in the recorded window.

5companies
74period observations
7.9%median reported growth

Median across 34 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.

Mergers and acquisitions

Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.

Acquirer → targetStatusDateValue / context
Badger Meter→udliveAnnounced2026-04-22$100.0M
fulcrum→Wildnote ↗Announced2026-02-17Not stated in snapshot
benjamin edwards→Badger Meter ↗Announced2026-01-15$549.0K
bradford white→FloLogic ↗Completed2025-04-11Not stated in snapshot
raymond james→Badger Meter ↗Announced2025-03-17$20.6M
charles schwab investment management→Badger Meter ↗Announced2025-03-17$74.3M

A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.

PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITY

The talent market

948 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 1,400-posting snapshot covers 58 employers.

Expand panel +

Most advertised job titles

Sales Representative38
Sales Representative / Retail Account Manager (Ram)31
Outside Sales Representative21
Field Service Technician20
Household Sales Representative17
Route Driver17
4 internship postings

77 tracked postings mention remote work.

The seniority mix

457 postings specify a level.

unspecified
943
manager
262
senior
115
entry
35
lead
28
intern
17

Skills employers mention

Top skills across 1,400 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.

Sql
29
Python
22
Gcp
19
Rails
18
Ruby
18
Gke
17
Mysql
15
Excel
14
Redis
14
Debugging
11
ADVERTISED PAY$70.0K/ year

Median across 83 postings with pay data, expressed in USD.

THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELD

Founders and leaders

328 founders and chief executives across 237 companies.

Expand panel +
12 profiles

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Education networks

63 profiles with education records.

Massachusetts Institute of Technology
9
Harvard Business School
7
Stanford University
6
University of California (Berkeley)
5
Columbia Business School
4
Yale University
3
Harvard University
3
UCLA Anderson School of Management
3

Prior employers

7 profiles with prior-work records.

Microsoft
2
Goldman Sachs
2
Cisco
1
Intel
1
McKinsey
1

Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.

NEWS INTELLIGENCE

How this industry appears in the news

4,044,660 articles in the measured 12-month window.

Expand panel +
4,044,660articles in the measured year
462,948articles in 2026Q2
41.0%positive tone in the latest complete year

News volume trends

Water Technology coverage across United States · articles per complete quarter

0562,3211,124,6421,686,9642,249,2852021Q2: 840,1422021Q22021Q3: 917,3552021Q4: 841,9322022Q1: 929,0632022Q2: 919,0452022Q22022Q3: 911,3082022Q4: 1,005,3122023Q1: 1,055,7492023Q2: 1,063,2562023Q22023Q3: 984,9072023Q4: 951,5112024Q1: 1,033,3162024Q2: 983,3352024Q22024Q3: 1,026,7252024Q4: 1,086,3542025Q1: 1,585,0452025Q2: 1,060,4252025Q22025Q3: 1,955,9002025Q4: 734,6552026Q1: 891,1572026Q2: 462,9482026Q2
View quarterly article counts
QuarterArticles
2021Q2840,142
2021Q3917,355
2021Q4841,932
2022Q1929,063
2022Q2919,045
2022Q3911,308
2022Q41,005,312
2023Q11,055,749
2023Q21,063,256
2023Q3984,907
2023Q4951,511
2024Q11,033,316
2024Q2983,335
2024Q31,026,725
2024Q41,086,354
2025Q11,585,045
2025Q21,060,425
2025Q31,955,900
2025Q4734,655
2026Q1891,157
2026Q2462,948

Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.

Tone of coverage over time

2021
1,100,644 positive · 933,850 neutral · 737,747 negative
2022
1,467,257 positive · 1,281,217 neutral · 1,011,418 negative
2023
1,666,884 positive · 1,314,916 neutral · 1,068,273 negative
2024
1,923,422 positive · 1,017,684 neutral · 1,183,084 negative
2025
2,186,949 positive · 1,452,748 neutral · 1,689,144 negative

Company share of voice

262 recorded company events across 28 companies; percentages use that event total.

Badger Meter ↗badgermeter.com
19.1% 50 events
Nauticus Robotics ↗nauticusrobotics.com
15.6% 41 events
374Water ↗374water.com
13.7% 36 events
Energy Recovery ↗energyrecovery.com
12.2% 32 events
Xylem Water Solutions ↗xylem.com
8.8% 23 events
OSMO Technology Solutions ↗sec.gov
6.5% 17 events
Metron ↗metronfarnier.com
4.2% 11 events
Earthwise Environmental ↗earthwiseenvironmental.com
3.4% 9 events

Leading coverage topics

Water Technology coverage across United States · ranked by full-period article count.

Administrative And Political Subdivisions4,336,054 articles in the full recorded period
929,478 recent · 794,695 prior
Geopolitical Disputes And Contested Areas316,321 articles in the full recorded period
106,508 recent · 81,542 prior
International And Transnational Geographic Entities316,130 articles in the full recorded period
106,449 recent · 81,457 prior
Cryptocurrency Impact On Forex Markets238,187 articles in the full recorded period
63,058 recent · 63,404 prior
International Political Relations238,102 articles in the full recorded period
61,893 recent · 61,737 prior
Security And Defense Policies176,845 articles in the full recorded period
51,150 recent · 45,196 prior
College Athletics News174,192 articles in the full recorded period
35,973 recent · 52,598 prior
Professional League Updates124,292 articles in the full recorded period
24,486 recent · 31,723 prior
International Sports Competitions110,391 articles in the full recorded period
21,541 recent · 24,675 prior
International Relations And Diplomacy105,772 articles in the full recorded period
25,114 recent · 28,106 prior

Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.

Topics gaining and losing attention

Water Technology coverage across United States

KeywordRecentPriorChange
stablecoin fx impact10,4837,41041%
investment deal9,9773,270205%
vaccine candidates6,5042,400171%
private equity6,0851,536296%
scandal disclosures5,6863,84548%
vaccination campaigns5,6271,804212%
vaccine trials5,5882,282145%
share price5,2892,75492%
oil price volatility4,8242,89267%
etf trading4,7112,87264%
tariff negotiations14,92226,223-43%
college playoffs10,18724,870-59%
flood stage forecasting1,78515,411-88%
ncaa updates6,61413,397-51%
college football finals5,67012,801-56%

Event and signal lenses

Water Technology coverage across United States

All complete annual cohorts shown
Rising

Regulatory Risk

3,487,499 classified articles

disputed islands, territories, vaccine candidates

44.3% critical · 28.4% positive
Rising

Funding Momentum

801,314 classified articles

investment deal, inflation reports fx, currency intervention policies

40.0% critical · 45.5% positive
Rising

Growth

978,023 classified articles

nba expansion teams, earnings report, nba team legends

37.0% critical · 44.9% positive

Water Technology coverage across United States. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.

RESEARCH SIGNALS

What Water Technology research is working on

3,356 papers in the recorded india scope.

Expand panel +
3,356papers
48,986worldwide comparison pool
3,356India-affiliated papers

Research orientation

Promising
1,507
Breakthrough
517
Cautionary
429
Descriptive
379
Problem-identifying
314
Comparative
184
Critical
26

Contribution mix

Empirical
2,006
Methods-led
863
Reviews
409
Position pieces
73
Theoretical
5

Tone counts: 2,905 positive · 159 neutral · 292 negative.

Common problems researchers identify
340 papers · 10.1% of this field
  • Water treatment150 papers
  • Water quality84 papers
  • Contamination41 papers
  • Wastewater39 papers
  • Water supply35 papers
  • Sewage treatment30 papers
  • Environmental chemistry30 papers
  • Reuse20 papers

Landmark: Challenges and Opportunities for Electrochemical Processes as Next-Generation Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Water

Cautions
429 papers · 12.8% of this field
  • Water treatment126 papers
  • Water quality81 papers
  • Chlorine60 papers
  • Environmental chemistry41 papers
  • Effluent38 papers
  • Filtration38 papers
  • Turbidity37 papers
  • Contamination31 papers

Landmark: Effect of Halide Ions and Carbonates on Organic Contaminant Degradation by Hydroxyl Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes in Saline Wat

Opportunities
2,024 papers · 60.3% of this field
  • Water treatment546 papers
  • Adsorption312 papers
  • Wastewater212 papers
  • Membrane175 papers
  • Water quality171 papers
  • Filtration169 papers
  • Environmental chemistry144 papers
  • Effluent131 papers

Landmark: Nanotechnology for a Safe and Sustainable Water Supply: Enabling Integrated Water Treatment and Reuse

Leading institutions

Yale University
5,716
Environmental Protection Agency
4,346
University of California, Berkeley
3,786
Southern Nevada Water Authority
3,546
Stanford University
3,334
Arizona State University
3,231

Leading researchers

William A. Mitch
2,926
Yang Deng
1,923
Brett J. Vanderford
1,873
Benjamin D. Stanford
1,873
Pedro J. J. Alvarez
1,846
Renzun Zhao
1,809
Menachem Elimelech
1,782
Shane A. Snyder
1,729

Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers

  • Simultaneous nanocatalytic surface activation of pollutants and oxidants for highly efficient water decontamination481 citations
  • Rapid, Selective Heavy Metal Removal from Water by a Metal–Organic Framework/Polydopamine Composite428 citations
  • Ion-capture electrodialysis using multifunctional adsorptive membranes313 citations
  • Membrane-Confined Iron Oxychloride Nanocatalysts for Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Fenton Water Treatment295 citations
  • Toward Understanding the Efficacy and Mechanism of <i>Opuntia</i> spp. as a Natural Coagulant for Potential Application in Water Treatment290 citations

Common problems researchers identify

321 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

Swipe or scroll horizontally to browse.

Contaminated Water Treatment ChallengesCommon problems researchers identify · 01

Contaminated Water Treatment Challenges

101 papers

31.5% of this theme group

Researchers highlight difficulties in treating sewage and wastewater pollutants with current treatment technologies.

Sewage treatment (27) · Water treatment (57) · Wastewater (25) · Pollutant (13)

Challenges and Opportunities for Electrochemical Processes as Next-Generation Technologies for the Treatment of Contaminated Water

Biofiltration for treatment of recent emerging contaminants in water: Current and future perspectives

View research history
YearShare index
2022760.9
2023757.8
2024742.7
2025881.1
Drinking Water Quality ConcernsCommon problems researchers identify · 02

Drinking Water Quality Concerns

72 papers

22.4% of this theme group

Studies point to persistent contamination issues in supplied and bottled drinking water.

Water quality (46) · Water supply (20) · Bottled water (8) · Contamination (16)

Dissemination of Drinking Water Contamination Data to Consumers: A Systematic Review of Impact on Consumer Behaviors

Potable Water in the United States, Contaminants and Treatment: A Review

View research history
YearShare index
2022907.2
2023895.2
2024907.0
20251108.7
Reuse and Post‑Treatment BarriersCommon problems researchers identify · 03

Reuse and Post‑Treatment Barriers

43 papers

13.4% of this theme group

Authors discuss obstacles to water reuse, especially after desalination and advanced purification processes.

Water treatment (30) · Water quality (20) · Reuse (8) · Produced water (5)

Plasma-based water purification: Challenges and prospects for the future

Guidance and recommendations for posttreatment of desalinated water

View research history
YearShare index
20221011.1
20231007.1
20241015.6
20251226.7
Membrane‑Based Reuse LimitationsCommon problems researchers identify · 04

Membrane‑Based Reuse Limitations

30 papers

9.3% of this theme group

Works examine constraints of reverse‑osmosis and adsorption membranes for safe potable water reuse.

Reverse osmosis (8) · Adsorption (6) · Reuse (7) · Arsenic (3)

Potable Water Reuse through Advanced Membrane Technology

A Tale of Two Treatments: The Multiple Barrier Approach to Removing Chemical Contaminants During Potable Water Reuse

View research history
YearShare index
20221604.7
20231595.2
20241386.2
20251506.0
Disinfection By‑Product RisksCommon problems researchers identify · 05

Disinfection By‑Product Risks

30 papers

9.3% of this theme group

Research flags health and environmental issues arising from haloacetic acids and other disinfection by‑products.

Water disinfection (9) · Haloacetic acids (8) · Disinfectant (6) · Environmental chemistry (9)

Drinking Water Disinfection Byproducts (DBPs) and Human Health Effects: Multidisciplinary Challenges and Opportunities

Recent Advances in Disinfection By-Product Formation, Occurrence, Control, Health Effects, and Regulations

View research history
YearShare index
202220.9
202318.7
202415.6
202520.5
Membrane Fouling and PerformanceCommon problems researchers identify · 06

Membrane Fouling and Performance

26 papers

8.1% of this theme group

Papers identify fouling as a major factor reducing efficiency of nanofiltration and other membrane systems.

Membrane (15) · Membrane fouling (4) · Fouling (5) · Nanofiltration (4)

Water purification by membranes: The role of polymer science

Tailored design of nanofiltration membranes for water treatment based on synthesis–property–performance relationships

View research history
YearShare index
20221039.5
2023992.4
2024999.5
20251010.1
PFAS Presence and Treatment GapsCommon problems researchers identify · 07

PFAS Presence and Treatment Gaps

19 papers

5.9% of this theme group

Studies reveal widespread PFAS contamination and limited removal options in water treatment streams.

Water treatment (14) · Perfluorooctanoic acid (3) · Ion exchange (2) · Biosolids (2)

Occurrence of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in source water and their treatment in drinking water

Managing and treating per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in membrane concentrates

View research history
YearShare index
2022219.4
2023217.9
2024223.3
2025279.9

Cautions

411 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Supply‑Water Quality ImpactsCautions · 01

Supply‑Water Quality Impacts

115 papers

28.0% of this theme group

Authors caution that changing source water quality can undermine distribution system performance and health outcomes.

Water quality (47) · Water treatment (65) · Water supply (15) · Environmental health (12)

Potential impacts of changing supply-water quality on drinking water distribution: A review

Assessing the Consistency and Microbiological Effectiveness of Household Water Treatment Practices by Urban and Rural Populations Claiming t

View research history
YearShare index
20221022.8
20231011.1
20241034.5
20251272.6
Halogenated By‑Product FormationCautions · 02

Halogenated By‑Product Formation

63 papers

15.3% of this theme group

Research warns about toxic by‑products generated during chlorine or chloramine disinfection under varying conditions.

Haloacetic acids (23) · Trihalomethane (21) · Chlorine (25) · Chloramine (13)

Formation and toxicity of brominated disinfection byproducts during chlorination and chloramination of water: A review

Comparative Analysis of Halonitromethane and Trihalomethane Formation and Speciation in Drinking Water: The Effects of Disinfectants, pH, Br

View research history
YearShare index
202271.2
202375.7
202465.2
202575.2
Filtration Effectiveness VariabilityCautions · 03

Filtration Effectiveness Variability

58 papers

14.1% of this theme group

Works highlight inconsistencies in filter performance, especially regarding turbidity and industrial water inputs.

Filter (15) · Filtration (22) · Turbidity (20) · Pulp and paper industry (8)

The effects of input materials on ceramic water filter efficacy for household drinking water treatment

Carbon Benefits of Drinking Water Treatment Electrification

View research history
YearShare index
2022121.3
2023119.4
202480.5
2025104.7
Microbial Contamination RisksCautions · 04

Microbial Contamination Risks

49 papers

11.9% of this theme group

Studies emphasize challenges in controlling fecal bacteria, biofilms, and antibiotic resistance in drinking water.

Escherichia coli (7) · Indicator bacteria (6) · Fecal coliform (8) · Biofilm (6)

Modeling Exposure to Fecal Contamination in Drinking Water due to Multiple Water Source Use

Interplay of Biologically Active Carbon Filtration and Chlorine-Based Disinfection in Mitigating the Dissemination of Antibiotic Resistance

View research history
YearShare index
202295.0
202384.8
202474.6
202586.8
Trace Metal Removal UncertaintiesCautions · 05

Trace Metal Removal Uncertainties

45 papers

10.9% of this theme group

Authors note difficulties in reliably extracting chromium and other trace metals using emerging de‑ionization methods.

Chromium (6) · Hexavalent chromium (4) · Capacitive deionization (3) · Adsorption (6)

Removal of trace metal contaminants from potable water by electrocoagulation

Application of Magnesium Oxide Media for Remineralization and Removal of Divalent Metals in Drinking Water Treatment: A Review

View research history
YearShare index
202270.8
202366.6
202454.9
202555.9
Organic Carbon and Adsorption LimitsCautions · 06

Organic Carbon and Adsorption Limits

41 papers

10.0% of this theme group

Research points to challenges in treating dissolved organic carbon and achieving consistent activated‑carbon adsorption.

Adsorption (13) · Dissolved organic carbon (11) · Environmental chemistry (13) · Activated carbon (7)

Integrated Chemical and Toxicological Investigation of UV-Chlorine/Chloramine Drinking Water Treatment

UV-based advanced oxidation of dissolved organic matter in reverse osmosis concentrate from a potable water reuse facility: A Parallel-Facto

View research history
YearShare index
20223117.2
20233095.3
20242910.2
20252596.7
Reverse Osmosis Fouling ConcernsCautions · 07

Reverse Osmosis Fouling Concerns

40 papers

9.7% of this theme group

Papers caution that membrane fouling remains a key barrier to cost‑effective reverse‑osmosis applications.

Reverse osmosis (18) · Membrane (13) · Fouling (10) · Membrane fouling (8)

Assessing Advances in Anti-fouling Membranes to Improve Process Economics and Sustainability of Water Treatment

Is Reverse Osmosis Effective for Produced Water Purification: Viability and Economic Analysis

View research history
YearShare index
20221050.8
20231002.2
20241009.5
20251028.9

Opportunities

1,902 papers · 7 recurring themes
7 cards

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Integrated Wastewater Reuse SolutionsOpportunities · 01

Integrated Wastewater Reuse Solutions

399 papers

21.0% of this theme group

Opportunities focus on turning treated municipal and industrial wastewater into valuable resources for cooling and reuse.

Sewage treatment (69) · Water treatment (170) · Wastewater (93) · Waste management (43)

Use of Treated Municipal Wastewater as Power Plant Cooling System Makeup Water: Tertiary Treatment versus Expanded Chemical Regimen for Reci

Advanced Technologies for Produced Water Treatment

View research history
YearShare index
2022760.9
2023757.8
2024742.7
2025881.1
Advanced Disinfection TechnologiesOpportunities · 02

Advanced Disinfection Technologies

315 papers

16.6% of this theme group

Research highlights promising electrochemical and point‑of‑use methods for safe, reliable water disinfection.

Water treatment (158) · Water quality (71) · Water disinfection (31) · Chlorine (52)

Point of Use Household Drinking Water Filtration: A Practical, Effective Solution for Providing Sustained Access to Safe Drinking Water in t

Electrochemical Disinfection in Water and Wastewater Treatment: Identifying Impacts of Water Quality and Operating Conditions on Performance

View research history
YearShare index
2022907.9
2023892.9
2024925.4
20251144.3
Next‑Generation AdsorbentsOpportunities · 03

Next‑Generation Adsorbents

300 papers

15.8% of this theme group

Studies explore functionalized activated carbons and novel sorbents for high‑efficiency contaminant removal.

Adsorption (228) · Sorption (35) · Freundlich equation (23) · Activated carbon (42)

Toward Realizing Multifunctionality: Photoactive and Selective Adsorbents for the Removal of Inorganics in Water Treatment

Enhanced Adsorption of Mixtures of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Water by Chemically Modified Activated Carbon

View research history
YearShare index
20221457.6
20231436.9
20241255.3
20251383.1
Combined Oxidation ProcessesOpportunities · 04

Combined Oxidation Processes

288 papers

15.1% of this theme group

Works present synergistic ozone, UV, and chlorine treatments to break down persistent organic pollutants.

Environmental chemistry (85) · Dissolved organic carbon (36) · Ozone (40) · Chlorine (49)

Organic Contaminant Abatement in Reclaimed Water by UV/H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and a Combined Process Consisting of O<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2

Trace Organic Pollutant Removal by VUV/UV/chlorine Process: Feasibility Investigation for Drinking Water Treatment on a Mini-Fluidic VUV/UV

View research history
YearShare index
20221831.7
20231820.7
20241823.7
20251352.7
Sustainable Membrane InnovationsOpportunities · 05

Sustainable Membrane Innovations

240 papers

12.6% of this theme group

Research promotes nanomaterial‑enhanced membranes and fouling‑resistant designs for desalination and wastewater treatment.

Membrane (147) · Desalination (74) · Nanofiltration (41) · Fouling (47)

Advancements in Sustainable Membrane Technologies for Enhanced Remediation and Wastewater Treatment: A Comprehensive Review

Novel nanomaterials for water desalination technology

View research history
YearShare index
20221068.4
20231020.0
20241035.7
20251055.1
Enhanced Coagulation TechniquesOpportunities · 06

Enhanced Coagulation Techniques

195 papers

10.3% of this theme group

Papers identify electrocoagulation and bio‑based coagulants as effective routes to improve turbidity and microbial removal.

Coagulation (46) · Flocculation (42) · Turbidity (50) · Electrocoagulation (18)

Chitosan Coagulation to Improve Microbial and Turbidity Removal by Ceramic Water Filtration for Household Drinking Water Treatment

Treating hydraulic fracturing produced water by electrocoagulation

View research history
YearShare index
2022258.6
2023244.0
2024195.9
2025229.9
Photocatalytic Water PurificationOpportunities · 07

Photocatalytic Water Purification

165 papers

8.7% of this theme group

Studies demonstrate high‑performance photocatalysts for rapid degradation of organic contaminants under light activation.

Photocatalysis (84) · Degradation (42) · Catalysis (27) · Photodegradation (11)

Combination of Photothermal Conversion and Photocatalysis toward Water Purification

Some Strategies in Designing Highly Efficient Photocatalysts for Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Water

View research history
YearShare index
20221278.8
20231296.2
20241235.7
20251210.7

How this field compares with the research baseline

Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.

Research orientationThis fieldReference sample
Promising44.9%37.2%
Breakthrough15.4%26.1%
Cautionary12.8%4.7%
Descriptive11.3%17.5%
Problem-identifying9.4%9.7%
Comparative5.5%4.0%
Critical0.8%0.8%

Concerns receiving less research attention

Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.

Concern / example paperPapersShareRaised as a problemWorldwide share
Hardware, e-waste & supply chainRemoval efficiency of pharmaceuticals during the wastewater treatment process: Emission and environmental risk assessmen310.98%3 (9.7%)1.41%
Energy & datacenter footprint00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Water use00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Carbon & emissions of compute00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Labour & data work00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Privacy & surveillance00.0%0 (%)0.03%
Safety & misuse00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Bias & fairness00.0%0 (%)0.0%
Concentration of compute power00.0%0 (%)0.01%

Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: United States. This may be broader than the company geography.

GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINT

Where companies are based

Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

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8 cards

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UNDERSTAND THE LANDSCAPE

Water Technology in the United States: key questions

Clear definitions for making better comparisons.

What does this landscape measure?

It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.

Can segment counts be added together?

No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.

What does a missing figure mean?

A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.

Company ecosystem snapshot: 2 September 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.

Canonical landscape ↗
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