Locked revenue figures are available in Radar; the eight company financial previews stay the same throughout this page. A dash means the figure is outside these featured lists. Revenue years vary by company; the figures are not a like-for-like revenue comparison. Compare annual accounts ↗
the United Kingdom’s
energy industry,
in focus.
The companies, capital and talent shaping energy in the United Kingdom. Find the leaders. Understand the segments. See where the activity is.

An industry ecosystem,
measured in context.
MEET THE COMPANIESExplore the United Kingdom’s energy leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Expand panel +
Explore the United Kingdom’s energy leaders
24 featured companies from the funding, hiring, revenue and team-size leaderboards.
Company discovery
Recorded evidence onlyRecently founded independent companies
- RestordFounded 2023 · restord.earth
- Blue EnergyFounded 2023 · blueenergy.co
- Exergy3Founded 2023 · exergy3.com
Recently founded means a recorded 2023–2026 founding year and no recorded parent, acquirer or public-company status. These companies are not labelled startups without that separate classification.
Explore classified startups in Radar ↗Energy industry KPIs in the United Kingdom
A few useful ratios bring the size of this ecosystem into perspective.
309 of 6,045 tracked companies have open roles.
439 of 6,045 tracked companies have a recorded round.
Share of disclosed capital received by the three largest recorded recipients.
Midpoint of 616 rounds with a disclosed amount.
Scale is concentrated. Opportunity is broader. The three largest funding recipients hold 21.4% of disclosed capital, while 92.7% of tracked companies have no recorded funding round.
Explore the segments →CAPITAL & COMPANY FORMATIONHow the United Kingdom energy has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
Expand panel +
How the United Kingdom energy has grown
Recorded company formation and disclosed funding across the complete annual series shown.
Disclosed funding by year
Sum of recorded funding rounds · USD
View the numbers
| Year | Funding (USD) | Founded | Raising |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $4.46B | 190 | 49 |
| 2017 | $1.96B | 204 | 53 |
| 2018 | $1.71B | 194 | 55 |
| 2019 | $1.21B | 223 | 49 |
| 2020 | $1.55B | 202 | 62 |
| 2021 | $876.34M | 230 | 43 |
| 2022 | $821.79M | 159 | 44 |
| 2023 | $1.12B | 101 | 39 |
| 2024 | $1.17B | 23 | 38 |
| 2025 | $1.07B | 4 | 32 |
Funding concentration
Share of all disclosed company funding.
- EnQuest9.1%
- Drax7.5%
- Hero Future Energies4.8%
- Other companies78.6%
Funding by stage
733 recorded rounds since 2016
Investors appearing most often
Recorded participation in energy company rounds since 2016.
- 01Europa 69 rounds
- 02Gov 59 rounds
- 03EIC Fund 13 rounds
- 04Northern Powerhouse Investment Fund 11 rounds
- 05Scottish Enterprise 9 rounds
- 06Barclays 8 rounds
- 07HSBC 7 rounds
- 08Santander 7 rounds
- 09The Scottish National Investment Bank 6 rounds
- 010IP Group 5 rounds
Recent recorded rounds
Latest recorded rounds · USDBacked by Northstar Ventures and Blackfinch.
Backed by Oxbury.
Backed by Ukri.
Backed by NEL Fund Managers.
Backed by VXI Capital and Engine Ventures and others.
Backed by East X Ventures and IP Group and others.
Backed by Axeleo Capital and Scottish Enterprise and others.
Backed by Eurazeo.
Largest and notable recorded rounds
Each card is one recorded roundBacked by ADIA.
Backed by KKR and Hero.
Backed by VXI Capital and Engine Ventures and others.
Backed by BeyondNetZero and First Reserve.
Backed by Masdar.
Participating investors were not recorded in this snapshot.
Backed by IFC Asset Management Company.
Backed by Lingotto and Furukawa Electric and others.
Backed by IFC Asset Management Company.
Backed by Greater Pacific Capital and Ensource Consulting.
THE BUSINESS BEHIND THE ACTIVITYRevenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
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Revenue, profitability & financial strength
Annual accounts for reporting companies linked to this landscape, on like-for-like currency and reporting bases.
Display conversions use the dated reference rates above. Where a verified rate is unavailable, figures retain their source currency. Each reporting cohort keeps its currency and accounting basis separate.
FY2025 · annual statements grouped by reported fiscal year; exact entity periods remain on preview rows · 35 reporting entities from 1282 eligible matches.
Sum of reporting-entity revenue; not the United Kingdom market sales.
Combined result for the same cohort.
Combined net income ÷ combined revenue.
The middle covered reporting entity.
29 of 35 covered entities.
Share of covered revenue from the five largest entities.
Annual account trend
Reported cohort totals by year; coverage is stated for every period.
Bar height shows revenue. Changes in coverage can affect totals.
Profitability has two perspectives
FY2025 · 35 reporting entities
Open the company accounts
Up to eight fixed company previews show financial amounts. Search and sort the wider company list, then continue in Radar.
| Company / reporting entity | Revenue | Net profit / loss | Net margin | Revenue growth | Total assets |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Propeller Fuels ↗11011689 | £281.5m | £0.1m | +0.0% | — | — |
| Winder Power ↗05446559 | £45.3m | £3.8m | +8.4% | — | — |
| solarport.co.uk ↗09377661 | £44.3m | £2.5m | +5.6% | — | — |
| CorrectCS ↗06368614 | £29.0m | £1.2m | +4.0% | — | — |
| SKN ↗05950064 | £23.1m | £0.4m | +1.6% | — | — |
| GWE Biogas ↗06600650 | £13.0m | £0.1m | +0.6% | — | — |
| Coryton ↗07232065 | £0.1m | £3.7m | +3156.3% | — | — |
| Oxleygroup ↗00376071 | £0.0m | £1.1m | +15032.7% | — | — |
Explore full company accounts and filings.
Explore a reporting entity
Choose “View accounts” to inspect an available company preview.
How does energy compare?
Each pair uses the same year, currency and reporting basis. Cohort overlap is disclosed.
| Industry | Covered / eligible | Revenue total | Median revenue | Net profit / loss | Aggregate margin | Profitable share | Overlap |
|---|
Available-account cohorts are not estimates of whole industries. Overlapping entities can occur in more than one cohort; do not add cohort totals.
Coverage, calculations & financial sources
Filed annual accounts for exact designated national identifiers. Every aggregate and peer pair uses one fiscal year, source currency and reporting basis; periods, coverage and overlap are explicit; 2026 partials are excluded.
The same up to eight reporting entities remain open across years, filters and sorts. Other company figures are available in Radar.
Source currencies and accounting bases stay separate. Missing accounts are excluded rather than treated as zero. Exact reporting periods appear on company previews. Annual totals can change with coverage and do not measure growth of a fixed company cohort.
Web traffic, app reach and release cadence
How the the United Kingdom companies on this page show up online: the sites people visit, the apps they install, and how often those apps ship.
Busiest websites
20 of the 6,050 companies on this page carry a measured traffic record (0.3%); these are the largest of those, by monthly visits. The median among them is 204,926 visits.
| Company | Monthly visits | Authority | Mobile |
|---|---|---|---|
| British Gasbritishgas.co.uk | 6,169,877 | 71 | 73.9% |
| Anglian Wateranglianwater.co.uk | 948,745 | 50 | 85.8% |
| National Gridnationalgrid.co.uk | 852,629 | 50 | 50.4% |
| Affinity Wateraffinitywater.co.uk | 655,797 | 46 | 80.4% |
| HSS Hirehss.com | 486,812 | 44 | 78.5% |
| Calorcalor.co.uk | 351,936 | 47 | 85.1% |
| Battersea Power Stationbatterseapowerstation.co.uk | 344,169 | 53 | 83.6% |
| Northern Powergridnorthernpowergrid.com | 310,643 | 45 | 70.1% |
| E.ON Energyeonenergy.com | 260,331 | 47 | 75.7% |
| Energy Saving Trustenergysavingtrust.org.uk | 253,620 | 55 | 76.5% |
Visits and authority are third-party web estimates, not company-reported figures.
Most-installed apps
114 of these companies (1.9%) publish at least one Android app — 215 apps in all, carrying 5M installs between them.
| App | Installs | Rating | Store category |
|---|---|---|---|
| British GasBritish Gas | 1.6M | 2.3 | House & Home |
| Daikin ServiceDaikin | 597.4K | 3.4 | Tools |
| Ask SmartyReliance New Energy Solar | 447K | — | Business |
| National GridNational Grid | 441.9K | 4.7 | Communication |
| Anglian Water MyAccountAnglian Water | 244.7K | — | House & Home |
| MySmartEE.Org | 206.7K | — | House & Home |
| FieldMove ClinoPetex | 141K | 4.1 | Productivity |
| BG HomeLuceco | 125.9K | 4.1 | Tools |
| Budget Energy Northern IrelandBudget Energy | 97.2K | — | House & Home |
| Ask Parvez (Test)Reliance New Energy Solar | 95.6K | — | Business |
Installs are lifetime totals to date at the June 2026 store reading — a measure of reach, not of people using an app today.
App reach by segment
The busiest app inside each of this page’s own segments, with the quarterly release trend behind it (2024Q1–2026Q2).
| Segment | Apps | Installs | Leading app | Release trend |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Utilities | 16 | 2.1M | British Gas 1.6M | |
| Energy Efficiency | 72 | 1.2M | Daikin Service 597.4K | |
| Solar Energy | 44 | 773.6K | Ask Smarty 447K | |
| Telecom Operators | 22 | 692.6K | Ask Parvez (Test) 95.6K | |
| Oil & Gas Downstream | 23 | 626.9K | National Grid 441.9K | |
| Manufacturing Services | 7 | 613.8K | OptiTools Mobile 6.7K | |
| Oil & Gas Downstream Services | 3 | 208.2K | MySmartE 206.7K | |
| Oil & Gas Equipment | 2 | 157.5K | FieldMove Clino 141K |
A company can carry several segment tags, so these rows overlap and should not be added together. Trend lines are zero-based and share one quarter grid, so a flat line is a quiet segment, not a missing one.
Release cadence by quarter
New apps published, beside apps whose most recent update landed in that quarter — the second bar is how much of the shelf is still being maintained.
Darker bars are new releases, lighter bars apps updated. 136 of 215 apps carry a release date. The series ends at 2026Q1, the last quarter that closed before the June 2026 reading.
INSIDE THE INDUSTRYThe the United Kingdom energy market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Expand panel +
The the United Kingdom energy market map
Explore the segments behind the headline numbers.
Where companies are building
Rank segments by scale, hiring or disclosed funding.
Companies can sit in several segments. Counts and funding overlap.
Enterprise tech
The largest measured segment in this report snapshot.
2 companies hiring · $156.91M disclosed funding
Explore in RadarHow companies make money
Common revenue models; a company can use more than one.
THE COMPANIES IN MOTIONWho is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
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Who is listing, hiring leaders, launching and winning work
Recorded corporate activity linked to companies in this landscape.
Recent corporate headlines 10 dated reports
Energy Steel to merge with Hayward Tyler, boosting nuclear capabilities Hayward Tyler, a global supplier of performance-critical pumps and motors for the energy sector, announced that its sister company Energy Steel & Supply Co will merge with Hayward Tyler Inc.
Blue Energy announced it has raised $380 million in funding to develop prefabricated nuclear power plant technology.
First Light Fusion has secured £25m in the first close of a new funding round, with backing from venture investors and the UK Atomic Energy Authority to support technology development.
Elgin, an integrated, utility-scale solar and storage independent power producer, secured up to £500 million (~$672 million) of funding from a banking syndicate to accelerate the build-out of its U.K. pipeline over the coming years.
Exergy3 was spun out of Edinburgh university in 2023 and secured a £3.6m grant from the Department for Energy Security and Net Zero to build a full-scale demonstrator at Annandale Distillery.
Centurion Group has acquired Trand.
Biogen Inc. (Nasdaq: BIIB) and TJ Biopharma ("TJ Bio") today announced that the companies have entered into a definitive agreement under which Biogen has agreed to acquire TJ Bio's exclusive rights to felzartamab in the Greater China Region.
GAIN deployed capital into Rowan Energy ($33.1 million)
Critical Loop has now raised a total of $26M in total equity funding and is backed by Adapt Nation Capital, Better Ventures, Climate Capital, Conifer Infrastructure Partners, and Cyrus Ventures.
LCM Environmental has acquired Octane Holding Group and Octane Draincare, bringing the two businesses into its wider group as part of an ongoing expansion strategy.
Full recorded event mix
Top 10 categories among 3,185 recorded events in the 24-month window.
IPO pipeline
9 companies with recorded IPO activity
IPO · NSE5 reports
IPO activity · CSE1 reports
IPO1 reports
Follow-on Offering1 reports
IPO · Nasdaq3 reports
IPO · Ghana Stock Exchange1 reports
IPO · New York Stock Exchange2 reports
IPO · Euronext Growth Oslo1 reports
Leadership moves
143 tracked people moves
Appointment Non‑Executive Chair
Appointment Non-Executive Director
Appointment Chief Executive Officer
Promotion Head of Commercial Uninterruptible Power Supply Division
Appointment Chief Financial Officer
Retirement Previously Chief Financial Officer
Appointment AI Engineering Apprentice
Appointment Testing role
Product launches
Products, platforms and features in the recorded window
Lubricant
Sustainability / Climate Commitment
Platform
offshore vessel intelligence platform
Carbon credit programme
Platform
Fuel Retail
Fabric
Contract wins
214 recorded customer wins
Customer: ineosDrilling
Customer: Medco EnergiOffshore Drilling
Customer: equinorOil & Gas
Customer: UK GovernmentEnergy
Customer: petrobrasOffshore drilling
Customer: Oil & Gas Drilling
Workforce actions
9 companies with reported reductions
Scale not stated rolescost reduction
150 rolesfurnace shutdown
100 roleswindfall tax
Scale not stated rolesgovernment support withdrawal
250 rolesCOVID-19 impact
120 roles
Regulatory events
90 recorded events
licensed extended until end of 2026Falkland Islands government
approved for inclusion in ALMMIndia’s Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE)
approved safe resumption of productionIsrael’s Ministry of Energy and Infrastructure
refund grantedBombay High Court
Litigation
25 tracked suits
penalty recovery on lease premiums for additional built-up areaCivil · Settled
Customs duty charge for incorrect classification of imported goodsRegulatory · Ongoing
Earnings pulse
Reported company results in the recorded window.
Median across 411 reported growth observations; companies may contribute multiple periods.
Mergers and acquisitions
Company-linked deal reports; status is preserved as recorded.
| Acquirer → target | Status | Date | Value / context |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sidara→Wood ↗ | Pending | 2026-06-30 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Reliance New Energy Solar→UK’s drug store (chemist) series ‘Buts’ | Announced | 2026-06-09 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Energy Steel & Supply Co→Hayward Tyler ↗ | Announced | 2026-04-28 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Centurion Group→Trand | Announced | 2026-04-21 | Not stated in snapshot |
| Biogen→TJ Biopharma | Announced | 2026-04-20 | $850.0M |
| l c m environmental→Octane Draincare | Announced | 2026-04-14 | Not stated in snapshot |
A discussion or rumour is not a completed transaction. An unstated value is not zero.
PEOPLE & OPPORTUNITYThe talent market
74 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 242-posting snapshot covers 31 employers.
Expand panel +
The talent market
74 postings in the preceding 12 months. The full 242-posting snapshot covers 31 employers.
Most advertised job titles
7 tracked postings mention remote work.
The seniority mix
13 postings specify a level.
Skills employers mention
Top skills across 242 tracked postings in the available jobs snapshot.
Companies hiring
Large employers
| Company | Employees |
|---|---|
| Shell ↗ | 103,000 |
| National Grid ↗ | 25,068 |
| vesuvius ↗ | 11,200 |
| Perenco ↗ | 7,061 |
| Chariot ↗ | 4,228 |
| Renewable Energy Systems ↗ | 4,000 |
| Noble ↗ | 3,665 |
| Ferroglobe ↗ | 3,173 |
THE PEOPLE BUILDING THE FIELDFounders and leaders
1,144 founders and chief executives across 983 companies.
Expand panel +
Founders and leaders
1,144 founders and chief executives across 983 companies.
Srivatsan Iyer
Hero Future Energies ↗Ex-Braskem, CEO Braskem Europe. Indian Institute of Technology, Madras B.Tech 1990, Virginia Tech PhD 1996, Texas McCombs School of Business MBA 2004
Jean-Michel Jacoulot
Trident Energy ↗Ex- CEO Perenco
Irene Basili
Shearwater GeoServices ↗Ex-GC, PGS. Boston University School of Management
Matt Slotkin
Blue Energy ↗Ex-Co-Founder Vowel, Bridgewater Associates. Yale University
Chris Antonopoulos
Lekela Power ↗Lekela Power, ex-Bombardier Transportation, ex-Arox Infrastructure, ETH Zürich, 1987
Ayman Asfari
Venterra Group ↗Co-Founder The Asfari Foundation, ex-CEO Petrofac. Villanova University BSc, University of Pennsylvania MSc
Anuj Sharma
Phoenix Global Resources ↗EX-Mercuria Energy Trading, Mercuria Energy Trading, Cathexis Capital, Citi; Pritchard.Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur BE 1995.Duke…
Vinod Nair
Enzen ↗Founding Partner - Mirai Ventures, Indian Institute of Management Bangalore Master of Business Administration 2003
Mikhail Gryaznevich
Tokamak Energy ↗USSR Academy of Science PhD 1976
Phil Milton
Well-Safe Solutions ↗Ex- IPM, CNR International U.K, CNR Internationa, Halliburton. Angus Technical College 1991
Ajay Kalsi
Indus Gas ↗London School of Economics BSc, Cambridge University MPhil
Philip Fjeld
CNG Fuels ↗Ex-FLEX LNG, Leif Hoegh & Co. Norwegian School of Economics 2002
Education networks
92 profiles with education records.
Prior employers
6 profiles with prior-work records.
Profiles cover recorded founders and leaders; contact details remain in Radar.
NEWS INTELLIGENCEHow this industry appears in the news
212,846 articles in the measured 12-month window.
Expand panel +
How this industry appears in the news
212,846 articles in the measured 12-month window.
News volume trends
Energy coverage across United Kingdom · articles per complete quarter
View quarterly article counts
| Quarter | Articles |
|---|---|
| 2021Q2 | 37,166 |
| 2021Q3 | 40,344 |
| 2021Q4 | 37,692 |
| 2022Q1 | 43,159 |
| 2022Q2 | 41,730 |
| 2022Q3 | 47,805 |
| 2022Q4 | 50,008 |
| 2023Q1 | 47,089 |
| 2023Q2 | 46,586 |
| 2023Q3 | 46,325 |
| 2023Q4 | 45,242 |
| 2024Q1 | 46,537 |
| 2024Q2 | 45,272 |
| 2024Q3 | 47,887 |
| 2024Q4 | 48,186 |
| 2025Q1 | 67,430 |
| 2025Q2 | 49,839 |
| 2025Q3 | 57,984 |
| 2025Q4 | 43,292 |
| 2026Q1 | 56,731 |
Article volume measures coverage, not market sales.
Tone of coverage over time
Most-covered companies
Company share of voice
3,659 recorded company events across 261 companies; percentages use that event total.
Leading coverage topics
Energy coverage across United Kingdom · ranked by full-period article count.
Recent and prior counts use the source comparison windows.
Topics gaining and losing attention
Energy coverage across United Kingdom
| Keyword | Recent | Prior | Change |
|---|---|---|---|
| tariff negotiations | 2,061 | 759 | 172% |
| stock performance | 1,809 | 1,115 | 62% |
| oil price volatility | 1,151 | 622 | 85% |
| free trade deals | 1,129 | 348 | 224% |
| trade dispute mechanisms | 887 | 253 | 251% |
| forex liquidity | 875 | 73 | 1099% |
| bilateral trade | 871 | 269 | 224% |
| exchange rates | 822 | 87 | 845% |
| gold spot price | 790 | 60 | 1217% |
| multilateral diplomacy | 738 | 388 | 90% |
| champions league | 275 | 488 | -44% |
| europa league | 285 | 470 | -39% |
| plastic recycling | 289 | 437 | -34% |
| weather emergency alert | 155 | 413 | -62% |
| relegation playoffs | 228 | 370 | -38% |
Event and signal lenses
Energy coverage across United Kingdom
Regulatory Risk
267,618 classified articlesclean energy mandates, offshore wind farms, stock performance
51.9% critical · 32.2% positiveFunding Momentum
65,054 classified articlesoffshore wind farms, club valuation, inflation reports fx
43.6% critical · 44.7% positiveGrowth
112,755 classified articlescharging corridor development, dc fast-charging deployment, charging accessibility
36.3% critical · 47.1% positiveEnergy coverage across United Kingdom. Topic labels describe recorded classifications and can include broad context.
RESEARCH SIGNALSWhat Energy research is working on
53,205 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.
Expand panel +
What Energy research is working on
53,205 papers in the recorded worldwide scope.
Research orientation
Contribution mix
Tone counts: 50,914 positive · 1,755 neutral · 536 negative.
- Energy storage2,027 papers
- Battery952 papers
- Renewable energy900 papers
- Electrolyte537 papers
- Anode488 papers
- Nanotechnology382 papers
- Cathode363 papers
- Lithium329 papers
Landmark: Pseudocapacitive oxide materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage
- Energy storage453 papers
- Renewable energy306 papers
- Battery276 papers
- Electrolyte155 papers
- Electricity127 papers
- Photovoltaic system112 papers
- Grid103 papers
- Anode99 papers
Landmark: Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries
- Energy storage17,247 papers
- Renewable energy7,206 papers
- Battery6,869 papers
- Supercapacitor4,411 papers
- Electrolyte4,207 papers
- Electrochemistry3,929 papers
- Photovoltaic system3,721 papers
- Anode3,695 papers
Landmark: Hierarchical Control of Droop-Controlled AC and DC Microgrids—A General Approach Toward Standardization
Leading institutions
Leading researchers
Highly cited breakthrough-labelled papers
- Supercapacitor Devices Based on Graphene Materials2,527 citations
- Graphene Anchored with Co<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Nanoparticles as Anode of Lithium Ion Batteries with Enhanced Reversible Capacity and Cyclic Perfor2,431 citations
- Challenges and Prospects of Lithium–Sulfur Batteries2,319 citations
- Nitrogen-doped mesoporous carbon of extraordinary capacitance for electrochemical energy storage2,047 citations
- Electrochemical Na Insertion and Solid Electrolyte Interphase for Hard‐Carbon Electrodes and Application to Na‐Ion Batteries2,043 citations
Common problems researchers identify
3,636 papers · 7 recurring themes
Common problems researchers identify · 01Energy Storage System Challenges
738 papers20.3% of this theme group
Researchers discuss limitations and barriers of current storage technologies for power grids and renewable integration.
Energy storage (628) · Renewable energy (327) · Environmental economics (102) · Energy (111)
Comparative Review of Energy Storage Systems, Their Roles, and Impacts on Future Power Systems
A Comprehensive Review on Energy Storage Systems: Types, Comparison, Current Scenario, Applications, Barriers, and Potential Solutions, Poli
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1155.3 |
| 2023 | 1240.5 |
| 2024 | 1158.4 |
| 2025 | 1512.1 |
Common problems researchers identify · 02Battery Electrode Material Issues
617 papers17.0% of this theme group
Papers highlight difficulties in developing stable anodes and cathodes for next‑generation rechargeable batteries.
Anode (362) · Cathode (269) · Energy storage (330) · Battery (225)
Developing Cathode Materials for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries: Challenges and Practical Prospects
Advances of lithium-ion batteries anode materials—A review
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 477.4 |
| 2023 | 477.1 |
| 2024 | 419.1 |
| 2025 | 515.2 |
Common problems researchers identify · 03Lithium and Flow Battery Limits
557 papers15.3% of this theme group
Studies examine performance ceilings and safety concerns of lithium‑ion and flow battery technologies.
Battery (397) · Energy storage (351) · Lithium (99) · Flow battery (40)
Electrical energy storage for transportation—approaching the limits of, and going beyond, lithium-ion batteries
<scp>High‐Energy</scp> Lithium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Progress and a Promising Future in Applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 65.2 |
| 2023 | 65.4 |
| 2024 | 68.0 |
| 2025 | 82.0 |
Common problems researchers identify · 04Electrolyte Design Constraints
442 papers12.2% of this theme group
Works focus on interfacial stability and ion transport problems in high‑energy electrolyte systems.
Electrolyte (356) · Fast ion conductor (49) · Lithium (115) · Electrochemistry (107)
Electrolyte-Additive-Driven Interfacial Engineering for High-Capacity Electrodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries: Promise and Challenges
Advanced Electrolyte Design for High‐Energy‐Density Li‐Metal Batteries under Practical Conditions
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 522.7 |
| 2023 | 537.4 |
| 2024 | 467.2 |
| 2025 | 541.9 |
Common problems researchers identify · 05Renewable Grid Integration Hurdles
436 papers12.0% of this theme group
Analyses address technical and operational obstacles when coupling solar, wind, and other renewables to electric grids.
Renewable energy (264) · Photovoltaic system (94) · Grid (74) · Electricity (73)
A Review of Hybrid Renewable/Alternative Energy Systems for Electric Power Generation: Configurations, Control, and Applications
Electric vehicles with renewables integration in electrical power systems: A review of technologies, uncertainties and optimization allocati
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1723.0 |
| 2023 | 1836.0 |
| 2024 | 1690.4 |
| 2025 | 2333.3 |
Common problems researchers identify · 06Supercapacitor Material Limitations
431 papers11.9% of this theme group
Research points to scalability and performance gaps in nanostructured electrodes for rapid energy storage.
Supercapacitor (235) · Nanotechnology (196) · Energy storage (329) · Electrochemical energy storage (78)
Flexible and Stretchable Energy Storage: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
Review on Carbon Nanostructures for Supercapacitors: Cutting-Edge Energy Storage Applications and Perspectives
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 4850.5 |
| 2023 | 4687.5 |
| 2024 | 4792.8 |
| 2025 | 3660.8 |
Common problems researchers identify · 07Hydrogen Storage Difficulties
415 papers11.4% of this theme group
Literature reviews challenges in storing hydrogen safely and efficiently for future energy systems.
Hydrogen storage (134) · Hydrogen (80) · Thermal energy storage (83) · Energy storage (226)
Hydrogen Storage Technologies for Future Energy Systems
Chemical‐based Hydrogen Storage Systems: Recent Developments, Challenges, and Prospectives
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 306.8 |
| 2023 | 332.9 |
| 2024 | 334.6 |
| 2025 | 353.7 |
Cautions
1,184 papers · 7 recurring themes
Cautions · 01Economic Viability of Storage
261 papers22.0% of this theme group
Authors caution that cost‑benefit analyses often reveal uncertain returns for large‑scale storage deployments.
Energy storage (178) · Renewable energy (112) · Environmental economics (32) · Electricity (51)
Development of Energy Storage Systems for Power Network Reliability: A Review
A Quantitative Assessment of the Economic Viability of Photovoltaic Battery Energy Storage Systems
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1406.3 |
| 2023 | 1478.8 |
| 2024 | 1352.0 |
| 2025 | 1809.2 |
Cautions · 02Grid Stability with Renewables
216 papers18.2% of this theme group
Studies warn about potential instability and reliability issues when integrating variable renewable sources.
Renewable energy (125) · Photovoltaic system (63) · Grid (52) · Electricity (48)
Impacts of Renewable Energy Integration on Power System Stability
Integrating Variable Renewable Energy Into the Grid: Key Issues
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1723.0 |
| 2023 | 1836.0 |
| 2024 | 1690.4 |
| 2025 | 2333.3 |
Cautions · 03Thermal Storage Material Risks
201 papers17.0% of this theme group
Papers highlight durability and efficiency concerns of thermal and latent‑heat storage materials.
Thermal energy storage (79) · Energy storage (111) · Thermal (23) · Latent heat (12)
Sorption heat storage for long-term low-temperature applications: A review on the advancements at material and prototype scale
Review of Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Application in Large-Scale Integrated Energy Systems—Methodology for Matching Heat Storage So
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 180.3 |
| 2023 | 189.0 |
| 2024 | 191.4 |
| 2025 | 238.8 |
Cautions · 04Alternative Battery Chemistry Concerns
182 papers15.4% of this theme group
Research raises safety and lifecycle questions for sodium‑ion, lithium‑metal, and solid‑state battery designs.
Anode (82) · Cathode (72) · Electrolyte (84) · Lithium (40)
Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Potential Alternatives to Current Lithium‐Ion Batteries
From Lithium‐Metal toward Anode‐Free Solid‐State Batteries: Current Developments, Issues, and Challenges
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 804.9 |
| 2023 | 822.6 |
| 2024 | 729.5 |
| 2025 | 871.6 |
Cautions · 05Nanostructured Supercapacitor Safety
142 papers12.0% of this theme group
Works point to reliability and degradation issues in emerging nanomaterial‑based supercapacitors.
Supercapacitor (38) · Capacitance (13) · Electrochemistry (30) · Nanotechnology (17)
Progress and Perspectives on Promising Covalent‐Organic Frameworks (COFs) Materials for Energy Storage Capacity
Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1017.6 |
| 2023 | 1004.4 |
| 2024 | 869.3 |
| 2025 | 959.1 |
Cautions · 06Battery Thermal Runaway Risks
117 papers9.9% of this theme group
Analyses emphasize the need for better management of overheating and state‑of‑charge extremes.
Battery (91) · Thermal runaway (12) · Energy storage (49) · State of charge (10)
Studying Abuse Testing on Lithium-Ion Battery Packaging for Energy Storage Systems
Recent Advances in the Development of Li‐Air Batteries, Experimental and Predictive Approaches – Prospective, Challenges, and Opportunities
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 68.0 |
| 2023 | 72.8 |
| 2024 | 50.4 |
| 2025 | 72.5 |
Cautions · 07Flow Battery Electrolyte Imbalance
65 papers5.5% of this theme group
Studies caution about capacity loss and efficiency drops due to electrolyte degradation in flow systems.
Flow battery (46) · Redox (33) · Vanadium (24) · Electrolyte (22)
Vanadium redox flow battery capacity loss mitigation strategy based on a comprehensive analysis of electrolyte imbalance effects
Experimental Study on the Effect of Operating Conditions on the Efficiency of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 229.6 |
| 2023 | 224.1 |
| 2024 | 202.4 |
| 2025 | 260.0 |
Opportunities
39,303 papers · 7 recurring themes
Opportunities · 01Optimized Storage for Renewable Grids
1,378 papers23.0% of this theme group
Research explores advanced control and placement of batteries to enhance renewable integration and grid resilience.
Energy storage (1,114) · Renewable energy (356) · Energy (198) · Wind power (169)
Battery Energy Storage Optimization in Distribution Power Systems with Distributed Renewable Energy Resources
Design and Control of an Energy Storage System for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1241.7 |
| 2023 | 1326.4 |
| 2024 | 1275.0 |
| 2025 | 1690.0 |
Opportunities · 02Electrolyte‑Enabled High‑Performance Batteries
1,364 papers22.7% of this theme group
Papers propose novel electrolyte formulations to boost capacity, safety, and lifespan of aqueous batteries.
Cathode (418) · Electrolyte (470) · Anode (402) · Electrochemistry (347)
Phosphated Electrolyte Enabling Dual Robust Electrode–Electrolyte Interfacial Reconstruction Toward Capable Zn Metal Batteries
Sustainable High‐Performance Aqueous Batteries Enabled by Optimizing Electrolyte Composition
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 804.9 |
| 2023 | 822.6 |
| 2024 | 729.5 |
| 2025 | 871.6 |
Opportunities · 03Dielectric and Ceramic Energy Devices
903 papers15.1% of this theme group
Works investigate high‑dielectric and ferroelectric materials for compact, high‑density capacitive storage.
Dielectric (122) · Energy storage (502) · Ceramic (64) · Ferroelectricity (43)
Development of <scp>PVDF</scp> / <scp>PMMA</scp> ‐Cu nanocomposites with enhanced dielectric properties and energy storage density for capac
Advanced carbon nanomaterials for high-performance energy storage technologies
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 257.1 |
| 2023 | 250.6 |
| 2024 | 190.7 |
| 2025 | 139.6 |
Opportunities · 04Hybrid Renewable‑Battery System Designs
837 papers13.9% of this theme group
Studies present integrated models that co‑optimize solar, wind, and storage for reliable, low‑emission power supply.
Renewable energy (356) · Photovoltaic system (242) · Electricity (116) · Battery (193)
Optimizing Power System Reliability and Carbon Emissions With a Fuzzy Unit Commitment Model Incorporating Renewable Energy, Load Forecast Er
Distributed scheduling for multi-energy synergy system considering renewable energy generations and plug-in electric vehicles: A level-based
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1685.2 |
| 2023 | 1762.7 |
| 2024 | 1627.3 |
| 2025 | 2185.0 |
Opportunities · 05Graphene‑Based Supercapacitor Advances
604 papers10.1% of this theme group
Research highlights graphene electrodes delivering ultrahigh energy density and rapid charge‑discharge capabilities.
Supercapacitor (526) · Capacitance (273) · Electrode (176) · Graphene (76)
A high-performance supercapacitor-battery hybrid energy storage device based on graphene-enhanced electrode materials with ultrahigh energy
A review of supercapacitors: Materials, technology, challenges, and renewable energy applications
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1427.9 |
| 2023 | 1438.4 |
| 2024 | 1285.8 |
| 2025 | 1160.2 |
Opportunities · 06Microgrid Energy Management Innovations
461 papers7.7% of this theme group
Papers develop strategies for balancing storage, generation, and demand within localized, resilient microgrids.
Microgrid (331) · Energy storage (270) · Renewable energy (179) · Distributed generation (56)
Power Management of Hybrid Microgrid with Energy Storage System
Capacity Optimization of Battery Energy Storage Systems in a Microgrid
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 1086.0 |
| 2023 | 1153.2 |
| 2024 | 1100.4 |
| 2025 | 1528.0 |
Opportunities · 07Nano‑Enhanced Phase‑Change Thermal Storage
453 papers7.5% of this theme group
Works demonstrate improved heat‑storage efficiency using nanomaterials in phase‑change media.
Thermal energy storage (267) · Thermal (84) · Phase-change material (65) · Latent heat (39)
Advances in nano-enhanced phase change materials and hybrid thermal energy storage systems: Paving the way for sustainable energy solutions
Improving the efficiency of thermal energy storage through the development and evaluation of hybrid nano-enhanced phase change materials
View research history
| Year | Share index |
|---|---|
| 2022 | 182.0 |
| 2023 | 191.0 |
| 2024 | 193.7 |
| 2025 | 241.3 |
How this field compares with the research baseline
Orientation shares compared with 25,000 papers in the reference sample.
| Research orientation | This field | Reference sample |
|---|---|---|
| Promising | 47.6% | 36.7% |
| Breakthrough | 30.9% | 26.9% |
| Descriptive | 8.1% | 17.5% |
| Problem-identifying | 7.0% | 9.5% |
| Comparative | 3.8% | 3.9% |
| Cautionary | 2.4% | 4.5% |
| Critical | 0.3% | 0.9% |
Concerns receiving less research attention
Counts and shares refer to the stated research pool. A low count describes how much of that research is recorded here, not the absence of a real-world concern.
| Concern / example paper | Papers | Share | Raised as a problem | Worldwide share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy & datacenter footprintEnergy storage in datacenters | 45 | 0.09% | 4 (8.9%) | 0.09% |
| Hardware, e-waste & supply chainLife Cycle Assessment and Sustainability of Energy Storage Options for Solar PV Technologies | 30 | 0.06% | 3 (10.0%) | 0.06% |
| Privacy & surveillanceA Resilient and Privacy-Preserving Energy Management Strategy for Networked Microgrids | 23 | 0.05% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.05% |
| Water useExperimental and Theoretical Analysis of Immersion Cooling of a Li-Ion Battery Module | 17 | 0.03% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.03% |
| Concentration of compute powerEnergy Storage Market Power Withholding Bounds in Real-time Markets | 15 | 0.03% | 2 (13.3%) | 0.03% |
| Bias & fairnessFlexibility at a cost: Industrial battery storage and the breakdown of grid fee fairness in Germany | 8 | 0.02% | 1 (12.5%) | 0.02% |
| Safety & misuseCyber Resilience of Battery Energy Storage System Scheduling under Adversarial Attack on Load Forecasting | 5 | 0.01% | 1 (20.0%) | 0.01% |
| Carbon & emissions of computeA multi strategy optimization framework using AI digital twins for smart grid carbon emission reduction | 2 | 0.0% | 0 (0.0%) | 0.0% |
| Labour & data work | 0 | 0.0% | 0 (%) | 0.0% |
Institution and researcher rankings use citations to their covered work. Research scope: worldwide. This may be broader than the company geography.
GEOGRAPHIC FOOTPRINTWhere companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.
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Where companies are based
Company counts, hiring and disclosed funding across the recorded hubs.

London
782 companies63.0% across the displayed hubs
42 companies hiring · $8.5B disclosed funding
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Aberdeen
119 companies9.6% across the displayed hubs
21 companies hiring · $137.2M disclosed funding
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Edinburgh
85 companies6.8% across the displayed hubs
6 companies hiring · $1.0B disclosed funding
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Glasgow
78 companies6.3% across the displayed hubs
6 companies hiring · $211.3M disclosed funding
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Bristol
59 companies4.8% across the displayed hubs
4 companies hiring · $1.2M disclosed funding
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Manchester
42 companies3.4% across the displayed hubs
2 companies hiring · $46.9M disclosed funding
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Liverpool
38 companies3.1% across the displayed hubs
2 companies hiring · $199.2M disclosed funding
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Belfast
38 companies3.1% across the displayed hubs
3 companies hiring · $19.6M disclosed funding
Explore companies in Belfast ↗Energy in the United Kingdom: key questions
Clear definitions for making better comparisons.
What does this landscape measure?
It measures the tracked company ecosystem, recorded funding, hiring and other available evidence. It is not a market-size estimate.
Can segment counts be added together?
No. A company can belong to several segments, so segment counts and funding can overlap.
What does a missing figure mean?
A dash or unavailable panel means the current reviewed source snapshot does not support that figure.
Company ecosystem snapshot: 6 August 2026. Funding is recorded in USD; filed accounts retain their stated currency and reporting basis. Each section identifies its own coverage. The news and research behind these sections is explorable in Prism.
Canonical landscape ↗